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| | Trade war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Economists generally believe trade wars are very non-productive and decrease the economic welfare and total social surplus of all nations involved. | | | A series of articles by Henry C.K. Liu under the heading The Coming Trade War provides an analysis on current problems in global trade. | | | For example, if a country were to raise tariffs, then a second country in retaliation would similarly raise tariffs. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_war
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| | Economic interdependence and war: a theory of trade expectations. |
| | War in such a situation of marked power imbalance and low expectations of future trade is thus overdetermined; it would be difficult to tell whether war occurred because of the positive expected value of war, the negative expected value of trade, or both. | | | The total of the benefits and potential costs of trade versus autarchy reveals the true level of dependence a state faces, for if trade is completely severed, the state not only loses the gains from trade but also suffers the costs of adjusting its economy to the new situation. | | | International trade institutions such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), by lowering transaction costs and facilitating the punishment of cheaters, may be an additional means to build positive expectations for future trade. |
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http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/copeland.htm
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| | SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Whiff of U.S./China trade war may jar world economy |
| | A trade war between the main engines of the world economy would be a big negative for growth, and investors would likely seek top-rated government debt and retreat from equity. | | | And delaying further trade liberalisation means a significant cost to the U.S. and world economy. | | | In the ever-more globalized world economy, dependence on easy cross-border trade has never been higher, and the amount of money at stake is eye-watering. |
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http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/20050602-1207-economy-global.html
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| | Asia Times Online :: Asian news and current affairs |
| | Trade remedies, technical standards, quarantine, quality inspection, intellectual property rights, customs procedural requirements, environmental protection and labor standards were among the measures used against Chinese exports and investment, according to the report. | | | US manufacturers complain that China's most subversive trade practice is its "undervalued" currency that lends Chinese companies a tremendous competitive advantage and promotes exports at the cost of other economies. | | | The US, which registered a record trade deficit of $617 billion last year, ran up a deficit of $162 billion with China, the largest deficit ever with any country. |
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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/GD02Dj02.html
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| | Trade Trumps War |
| | Allies of the prime minister insisted that a new appropriation for forts be made to prepare for the threat from across the channel. | | | Cobden and his associates were aiming for more than a favorable balance of trade or the capture of markets for their nation. | | | Cobden believed that, as long as the balance of power doctrine was a staple of British foreign policy, they could on forever; that if Britain were to maintain a balance of power she would have to act as Europe and the world’s policeman. |
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http://www.antiwar.com/orig/bresiger1.html
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| | Sample Chapter for Katznelson, I. and Shefter, M., eds.: Shaped by War and Trade: International Influences on American ... |
| | Rather than being content with the stipulation that open trade regimes are in the interest of the United States, these two authors work their way through the problem of resistance to this putatively national interest. | | | The second section of the book, "War and Trade," is oriented less to a single period than to institutionalist accounts of international-domestic linkages in specific domains. | | | From the end of the Civil War to 1896, the United States abstained from activity that realists would have expected it to undertake and for which it possessed ample material resources. |
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http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/s7287.html
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| | Angola: Diamond Trade and War |
| | As Global Witness investigations into the trade in rough diamonds from Angola show, the lack of transparency and corporate responsibility in the diamond industry has been central to the continued financing of UNITA, and hence the fuelling of civil war in Angola. | | | The UN Secretary General, in his report to the UNSC, which is due by 15th January 1999, should identify those countries not fully implementing the embargo, and specify actions to be taken to improve implementation. | | | It is well documented that the decline into renewed civil war, following the failure of the 1992 elections, was financed for the major part by natural resources - oil and diamonds. |
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http://www.africaaction.org/docs98/ang9812.htm
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| | Make Trade, Not War: Garvey Essay |
| | Free trade on an internal scale allows citizens to circulate these materials amongst themselves and organize their labor into activities that promote democracy. | | | Any amount of free trade detracts from the power of the government and increases the power of common citizens. | | | One interesting argument given the interest in the stock market by a broad base of society in recent years is that with free flows of capital, anyone who holds stocks or mutual funds will likely have investments abroad. |
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http://www.independent.org/students/garvey/essay.asp?id=1456
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| | Fair Trade - Global Issues |
| | For example, some believe that one of the main problems causing the 1998/99 financial crisis around the world is a lack of global regulations to help protect developing nations as they enter a global market. | | | It can perhaps be an obstacle for a foreign nation to invest in a country due to those conditions and regulations which increase costs. | | | The correct balance is difficult to reach due to the inherent power conflicts between the various bodies involved. |
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http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/FairTrade.asp
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| | Protectionism |
| | Free trade helped these countries, but at the cost of the US. | | | The U.S. may have a trade deficit with one country, and at the same time it may experience a trade surplus with another country. | | | Nevertheless, if one country maintains a large trade surplus with its trading partners, that country needs to open its markets or its currency practices must be modified. |
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http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ355/choi/prot.htm
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| | Vigilant Investor Ernharth Perspective » Trade War |
| | However, not all trade deficits are benign: And that includes the United State’s. So when it hits a record 804.9 Billion, beating the previous record of $668.1 billion set in 2004, […] | | | Though for years, big business and labor in the United States had their cake and ate it too, with the expectation that not only would the sun shine… it would provide manna from the heavens. | | | Politics - Economy - Debt - Trade War - Waste |
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http://www.ernharth.com/category/economy/trade-war
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| | AFTERMATH OF WAR / Trade Agreements / Allies rewarded with trade pacts / U.S. pays back nations that supported war |
| | Singaporean officials said they embrace the agreement chiefly because it will increase trade and investment at a time when their country, like much of East Asia, is struggling with the economic impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome, the lingering effects of the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and the worldwide financial slump. | | | Whether countries supported or opposed the war in Iraq may affect their standing in trade deals and other business arrangements that the U.S. influences. | | | New Zealand: Anti-war comments by the prime minister have put a chill on hopes for a free trade agreement. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/05/11/BU57666.DTL
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| | The Banana Trade War - Global Issues |
| | As mentioned in the Free Trade part of this web site, forcing free trade restructuring on governments who are not financially stable or ready to do so would not work. | | | The ACP nations feel that they will be not be ready to enter a global market place with free trade in the way that the WTO prescribes. | | | Oxfam also highlights that the new agreement allows the EU to follow more free trade policies in a way that can give them a stronger bargaining position. |
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http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Bananas.asp
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| | Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG) |
| | I examine the ways in which women in particular are negatively affected by free trade agreements, and suggest that fundamentalism is an integral part of the operation of globalisation and free trade. | | | The combination of security issues being tied to trade is a new direction for federal government policy. | | | Merck is a 'recent new member' of the American-Australian Free Trade Agreement Coalition (AAFTAC). |
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http://globalresearch.ca/articles/HAW308A.html
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| | World News & Prophecy > December 2003 > A Looming EU-U.S. Trade War? |
| | USA Today reported from Brussels, "The World Trade Organization cleared the way Monday for more than 20 foreign countries to hit the U.S. with billions in export taxes in retaliation" (Nov. 11, 2003). | | | The purpose of these tariffs was to render financial assistance to the struggling American steel industry and its thousands of employees. | | | But Britain's ever-increasing entrapment in the politics of the European Union (and its trade policies) may even threaten the special relationship between these two countries. |
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http://www.ucg.org/wnp/wnp0312/tradewar.htm
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| | WorldNetDaily: U.S.-China trade war? |
| | WASHINGTON – The U.S. and China could be on the verge of an explosive trade war that could damage an already shaky global economy, says a top financial analyst. | | | As a result, the value of the yuan would increasingly be part of a debate on trade issues between Beijing and Washington, Roach said. | | | However, because many Asian countries have fixed exchange rates, they would resist the pull to devalue their currencies because of concerns that exports would actually decline. |
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http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41367
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| | Free Trade Is War |
| | War because when this kind of low-intensity repression fails to clear the path to corporate liberation, the real wars begin. | | | And despite attempts to keep the movements separate, their only future lies in the convergence represented by Cancún. | | | As Robert Fisk recently wrote in The Independent, Paul Bremer's uniform says it all: "a business suit and combat boots." |
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http://www.thenation.com/doc/20030929/klein
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| | Truth About Trade & Technology - Commentary: Trade War |
| | The trade panel's pro-consumer ruling allows the administration a graceful exit from one of its more bone-headed economic policy decisions: the imposition of the lumber tariffs in 2002. | | | If he does the same with lumber, not only will he help avert a mutually destructive trade war with Canada, but he can advance another long-stated administration goal of helping record numbers of Americans own their own homes. | | | To do so, it had to strong-arm many Midwestern and Southern House Republicans to vote against their own parochial textile, manufacturing or agricultural interests, in favor of a measure that benefits the nation's economy as a whole. |
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http://www.truthabouttrade.org/article.asp?id=4277
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| | BBC NEWS Business New US-EU trade war looms |
| | Already, the US and the EU are at loggerheads over several trade issues. | | | They are a key constituency for the Bush administration, which recently passed a farm bill giving them an additional $180bn in aid. | | | The EU objects to new US "anti-dumping" tariffs on its steel products and US tax breaks for foreign sales of its big multinationals, while the US has taken the EU to task for its ban on imports of bananas and beef. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2534179.stm
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| | Avoid a Trade War over U.S. Antidumping Measure |
| | Last October, when President Bill Clinton signed the fiscal year 2001 agricultural appropriations bill (P.L. 106-387) into law, the United States stepped closer to a trade war with some of its largest trading partners. | | | They should take immediate steps to prevent the harmful effects of this measure from becoming reality, explain to American businesses that such protectionism is inherently damaging to their interests, and demonstrate America's leadership in promoting free trade by eliminating protectionist U.S. trade policies. | | | U.S. manufacturers are right to worry that foreign countries will retaliate for this new policy and subject U.S. products to their own antidumping rules. |
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http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/EM713.cfm
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| | Stop Provoking a Trade War |
| | Eleven countries, including important trade partners such as the E.U., Australia, Japan and South Korea, have filed complaints with the World Trade Organization. | | | These foreign-imposed mark-ups make it tougher for American companies to sell their goods and remain in business. | | | But the law actually sets up a perverse incentive: If a company claims it is being harmed by foreign competitors, it can ask the Commerce Department for relief. |
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http://www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed061305a.cfm
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| | CNN.com - Snow: Trade war on steel 'remote' - Nov. 17, 2003 |
| | The U.S. has complained that while it cut taxes and interest rates to spur growth, other key economies have lagged and, as a result, America's trade and current account deficits have swollen as other countries export to U.S. markets. | | | Asked about the deficits, Snow said the most important cause of budgetary red ink had been a weak economy and its impact on government revenues. | | | "We are committed to the notion of free trade liberalization." |
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http://edition.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/11/17/us.snowsteel.reut
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| | Congress Grovels for the WTO |
| | On the contrary, true free trade occurs in the absence of government intervention in the free flow of goods across borders. | | | As economist Murray Rothbard explained, true free trade does not require treaties or agreements between governments. | | | If anything, the WTO makes trade relations worse by providing our foreign competitors with a collective means to attack U.S. trade interests. |
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http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst2003/tst111703.htm
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| | BW Online July 9, 2001 China vs. Japan: A Phony Trade War |
| | Last year, Japan's trade deficit with China totaled $24.88 billion--making China one of the few non-oil-producing nations to sell more to Japan than it buys. | | | As Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party gears up for crucial July 29 elections, the country's farmers and small manufacturers are agitating to slow the flow of everything from Chinese hand towels to chopsticks to bicycles. | | | Chart: As Japan-China Trade Soars...Tokyo's Trade Deficit with Beijing Rises |
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http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_28/b3740141.htm
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| | Don't Start a Trade War with China |
| | Isn’t it ironic that the proponents of “free trade agreements” like CAFTA are lining up squarely behind a bill like this that threatens a trade war with China, and at the least calls for the United States to initiate protectionist measures such as punitive tariffs against “subsidized” sectors of the Chinese economy? | | | In reality, this bill, which appeared out of the blue on the House Floor as a suspension bill, is part of a deal made with several Members in return for a few votes on CAFTA. | | | Speaker, in addition to the irony of the protectionist flavor of this bill, let me say that we should be careful what we demand of the Chinese government. |
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http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2005/cr072605.htm
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| | BW Online March 12, 2003 Keeping Trade and War Separate |
| | The offending provision gives American exporters a special cut on their income taxes through so-called foreign sales corporations. | | | A: As far as I'm concerned, I deal with trade, not foreign and security policy. | | | The ruling also allows Europe to impose $4 billion worth of tariffs on U.S. imports unless Washington changes its tax law. |
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http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/mar2003/nf20030312_8899_db053.htm
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| | EconLog, Trade War?, Arnold Kling: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | Finally, a trade barrier against one country might simply divert trade to another country with equally odious policies. | | | As an economist, I would say that of all the ways to express disagreement with another country's policies, cutting off trade is one of the least effective. | | | If foreign governments impose new trade barriers, how should we respond? |
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http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2003/03/trade_war.html
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| | Asia Times Online :: Trade Wars - Henry C K Liu |
| | Now a new bunch of fundamentalists are in charge. | | | Now that the US has gotten its way and China has unpegged the yuan, its ill-considered policies will come home to roost, making for desperate times - for everyone. | | | Trade protectionism is re-emerging, but the irony is that it is being driven not by the poor economies that have been hurt the most by the globalized neo-liberal trade regime, but by the wealthy economies, especially the US. |
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http://atimes.com/atimes/others/trade-war.html
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| | CBC News: Softwood dispute could prompt trade war: B.C. minister |
| | The World Trade Organization and a ruling under the North American Free Trade Agreement both concluded that U.S. complaints about Canadian lumber imports are not valid. | | | Montana Senator Max Baucus plans to introduce a bill as early as Tuesday that will allow U.S. lumber companies to keep an estimated $3.6 billion in duties paid on Canadian imports. | | | Softwood dispute could prompt trade war: B.C. minister |
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http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2004/11/15/lumber_041115.html
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| | BBC News BUSINESS Trade war looms over steel dispute |
| | The EU said the decision flouted international trade rules, and promised to launch an immediate complaint with the World Trade Organisation. | | | Several trading partners, including Canada and Mexico, are exempted. | | | EU Trade Minister Pascal Lamy said the US decision would hurt the EU in an "unjustified and unfounded way". |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1856760.stm
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| | Boeing, Airbus stand down during air show - Aviation - MSNBC.com |
| | Planemaker Airbus risks having to turn billions of euros in state loans into conventional bank loans if the World Trade Organization backs a complaint filed by Washington. | | | The European planemaker could also benefit if the WTO backs its case, which targets tax breaks and benefits which Boeing receives from U.S. military contracts. | | | The WTO is set to appoint boards to assess the two cases, which threaten to spark the biggest trade dispute in the WTO’s 10-year history. |
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http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8220529
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| | The Looming Trade War over Plant Biotechnology |
| | Consequently, all U.S. negotiators involved with trade in biotech crops must make it unalterable U.S. policy to oppose the application of the precautionary principle and insist instead on scientifically based risk standards in all international trade forums. | | | Such labels are unjustifiably stigmatizing and costly and offer no consumer health or safety benefits. | | | Jettisoning scientific risk assessment and replacing it with a precautionary approach will open the entire trading system to interruptions based on arbitrary justifications. |
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http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/pas/tpa-018es.html
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| | US firms told 'take UK jobs home' This is London |
| | According to the Department of Trade and Industry, more than 17,000 new jobs were created by US firms in the last year alone. | | | There are an estimated 5,700 US companies operating here, covering every sector of the economy. | | | Jones continued: 'Whether flouting international law with their steel tariffs or telling their companies to come home, this bullying affects Britain and British jobs. |
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http://www.thisislondon.com/news/business/articles/timid70616
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| | CNN.com - U.S. and UK pledge on trade war - Nov. 18, 2003 |
| | The chancellor announced a series of initiatives to strengthen trade links between the two countries including a transfer fund to allow British students to study in American universities. | | | The European Union is considering retaliatory measures after the World Trade Organization declared the tariffs illegal. | | | Historically, Great Britain has been tied to the U.S. and its markets, during its near 400 years of trading. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/11/18/brown.trade
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| | EU Warns Of Trade War With US - CBS News |
| | Mandelson blamed the United States for escalating the dispute into a full-blown trade war. | | | The move reactivates a legal process at the WTO that was frozen by the EU when it entered negotiations with Washington in January to try to cut aid to U.S.-based Boeing and its European rival Airbus. | | | (AP) European Union trade chief Peter Mandelson said Tuesday that the EU will file a counter complaint at the World Trade Organization claiming Boeing Co. receives illegal aid, launching new trade war with Washington. |
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http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/05/31/world/main698678.shtml
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