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| | [No title] |
 | | In this case the criterion for a moderate trade engagement level is 5% of a country's trade, and the criterion for a high trade engagement level is 10% of the country's trade. | | | For example, the trade in 1990 between the United States and Malaysia accounts for 16.67% of Malaysia's foreign trade while it only accounts for 1.14% of American foreign trade. | | | A network analysis of trade among the 102 countries with 1990 trade of $2 billion or more finds that the United States, Japan, and Germany are by far the most important countries in the trade network. |
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http://www.etext.org/Politics/World.Systems/papers/su_tieting/trade_networks
(5056 words)
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| | Trade Creation and Trade Diversion [ Biz/ed Virtual Developing Country ] |
| | If the country joins a trade bloc with a MDC then there may be real advantages to the LDC as resources flow within the bloc to the countries where there are cost advantages and the potential market for exports is significantly expanded. | | | Forming a trade bloc with other LDCs may result in only a small trade creation effect as the share of world trade involving LDCs is so small, that the trade bloc has limited influence on the market price and quantity. | | | From the point of view of LDCs the existence of trading blocs depends rather on firstly whether the country is in the trading bloc and secondly which other countries are also members. |
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http://www.bized.ac.uk/virtual/dc/trade/theory/th3.htm
(531 words)
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| | Chapter 11 |
| | The volume of trade shifted from a lower cost (more efficient) supplier outside the trade bloc to a higher cost (less efficient) supplier within the union. | | | If forming or joining the trade bloc results in lower prices in the importing member country, the country and the world gain as additional trade is created. | | | Trade blocs are exemplified mainly by free trade areas and custom unions. |
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http://www.wright.edu/~tdung/Chapter_11_Pugel.htm
(2374 words)
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| | UC Atlas: Trade Blocs |
| | Bliss appropriately cautions us on giving too much credit to trade blocs for development, noting that the efficacy of trade blocs “depends upon the definition of a trade bloc” which must also include an assessment of current political conditions of the region (1994:1). | | | The decisions reached by development policy makers on whether regionalism or globalized trade should be pursued may influence a country’s earnings from trade. | | | Some analysts such as Preeg (1989) argue that trade blocs are desirable because they complement globalized trade. |
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http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/trade/subtheme_trade_blocs.php
(935 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Existing gravity-model approaches to this issue have identified bloc effects on intra-bloc trade and on total bloc trade. | | | We go beyond that by identifying separate effects on intra-bloc trade, members' total imports and their total exports, the latter being the crucial determinant of blocs' welfare effects on the Rest of the World (ROW). | | | For example, the intra-bloc parameter for MERCOSUR in 1996 is 2.77, indicating that MERCOSUR members traded between themselves about fifteen times [=(exp(2.77)- 1)* 100] more than expected from the gravity and overall bloc trade variables alone. |
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http://wdsbeta.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1999/09/10/000094946_99082105324840/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt
(5655 words)
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| | LATIN AMERICA: Mercosur Trade Bloc Does Not Fear EU Expansion |
| | Trade between the EU and Mercosur doubled in 10 years, from 20 billion dollars in 1991 to more than 40 billion in 2001. | | | The Mercosur is the EU's main trading partner in Latin America, absorbing more than half of the flow of trade and foreign direct investment from the European bloc. | | | At the same time, the new members of the European bloc will tend to assume a more European perspective on foreign policy issues, abandoning pro-U.S. positions, said dos Santos. |
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http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=23547
(1167 words)
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| | Asia Times |
| | Inter-ASEAN trade grew at an average 11.6 percent from $44.2 billion in 1993 to $95.2 billion in 2002, accounting for 23.2 percent of total ASEAN exports. | | | Malaysia, the initiator of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) concept, says its agreements with Japan and the United States are bilateral trade investment framework agreements (BTIFAs) and not FTAs. | | | Last month Thailand signed a bilateral trade and investment agreement to boost investment in the technology sector as well as for free trade. |
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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/EE30Ae04.html
(1196 words)
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| | SA, India, Brazil eye trade bloc - SouthAfrica.info |
| | To facilitate the establishment of the trade bloc, the three ministers agreed to seek convergence on free trade negotiations between the three countries and their regions. | | | India, Brazil and South Africa are considering establishing an ambitious South-South economic trade bloc with a market of 1.2 billion people and potential foreign trade worth US$300-billion. | | | South African Foreign Minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma and her Indian and Brazilian counterpart agreed in March to consider signing a trilateral cooperation agreement to create a strong trade bloc to fight poverty, create jobs and give more weight to developing nations at trade negotiations in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). |
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http://www.southafrica.info/doing_business/sa_trade/agreements/saindiabrazil-130404.htm
(292 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Trade is a tactical tool to be used with other policy instruments to encourage the movement toward greater national independence in Eastern Europe and the trend toward greater concern for consumer needs in all European Communist countries. | | | As a result of the latter two agreements, bilateral trade increased 25% and the Federal Republic was given tacit recognition of West Berlin's status. | | | From 1961-1968, there was a remarkable shift in policy regarding East-West trade by both the U.S. and West German governments. |
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http://etext.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH39/glance39.html
(3711 words)
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| | News Release: New East Asian Blocs Could Alter Global Trading System |
| | This new study analyzes the trade and overall economic effects of 30 different possibilities, ranging from small bilateral deals (e.g., Singapore-New Zealand) to megaregional arrangements (e.g., an East Asia Free Trade Area and the Free Trade Area of the Americas) and global liberalization in the World Trade Organization. | | | By far the most important transpacific trade flows are those between the United States and Northeast Asia, however, and these flows so far remain outside the scope of any of the proposed new arrangements. | | | The Institute, directed by C. Fred Bergsten, provides fresh analyses of key economic, monetary, trade and investment issues and recommends practical policy approaches for strengthening public policy toward these important topics. |
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http://www.iie.com/publications/newsreleases/newsrelease.cfm?id=65
(1392 words)
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| | Taiwan to lose big if Asian trade bloc leaves it behind |
| | If the ASEAN trade bloc includes no countries other than its member states, the impact on Taiwan would be insignificant, according to the assessment. | | | The impact would be much less if the ASEAN-centered trade bloc were to include only ASEAN states and China, according to the assessment. | | | The institution predicts that in this scenario, Taiwan's GDP will be cut by 0.2 percent, international trade by 0.19 percent and social welfare spending by US$790 million. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/1322102/posts
(834 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Although the net environmental effects of trade and investment liberalization are not yet fully understood, the paper concludes that with deregulation there is some tendency to attribute more environmental ills to the globalisation process than may be warranted. | | | Brazil has agreed to have its proposed revision of the government's PROEX export subsidy program prepared for the New York meeting, although the Brazilian government has yet to determine whether it would adjust the term of PROEX financing, which is currently set at 15 years for aircraft. | | | Stanley Fischer, former managing director of the International Monetary Fund, urged developed countries to adopt more liberal trade policies in agricultural trade so as not to shut out developing countries from global markets. |
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http://www.ictsd.org/html/weekly/05-09-00.txt
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| | Aljazeera.Net - Asian summit to discuss trade bloc |
| | Also next week, the bloc is expected to endorse Thai Foreign Minister Surakiart Sathirathai for the post of UN secretary-general, according to the draft. | | | Regional and bilateral free trade agreements have mushroomed, partly due to an impasse in global trade liberalisation talks under the World Trade Organisation (WTO), analysts say. | | | The 13 countries have a combined population of nearly two billion people, one-third of the global population. |
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http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3C7DBD7E-6681-45D7-8A81-46B22B85610C.htm
(487 words)
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| | SE Asian Free Trade Bloc + other Asia |
| | The trade gap soared to $27 billion in the first six months of 2005, almost equaling the entire $28 billion deficit of 2004. | | | The result is a persistent trade surplus, expected to triple this year to more than $100 billion. | | | India's ballooning trade deficit is becoming a source of concern for overseas investors. |
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http://discuss.agonist.org/yabbse/index.php?board=20;action=display;threadid=11729;start=new;boardseen=1
(7101 words)
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| | Boston.com / Business / South America trade bloc, EU to meet |
| | Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay will send their foreign ministers to meet EU Trade Commissioner Pascal Lamy in the Portuguese capital in a show of "goodwill" and to "underline the strategic importance for Mercosur of an agreement with the European bloc," Foreign Minister Celso Amorim said. | | | The European bloc says its proposal would open a euro200 billion (US$247 billion) public procurement market for the South American group and would immediately slash 65 percent of the tariffs on industrial goods. | | | The urgency to reach an agreement comes as Lamy's mandate ends Oct. 31. |
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http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2004/10/09/south_america_trade_bloc_eu_to_meet?mode=PF
(581 words)
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| | Bloomberg.com: Latin America |
| | He said the bloc would help open up new markets to boost the region's exports, which totaled $180 billion last year. | | | Lagos, whose country enjoys an A credit rating from Standard and Poor's, the highest in the region, said the trade bloc would benefit should Chile's neighbors follow its example of investing in social programs to help reduce poverty. | | | The proposal, which would include a common currency for all 12 countries, is part of an effort by Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva to strengthen developing nations' position in global trade talks and diversify their partners beyond the U.S. and European Union. |
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http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000086&sid=anfVBKWoKWe8
(773 words)
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| | 'New Democrat' Bloc Opposes Trade Pact |
| | In general, Republicans have had the advantage appealing to technology executives on legislative issues because the GOP has voted for trade, tort reform, stock-option and tax-cut bills by much higher margins than the Democrats. | | | In a letter to the New Democrat Coalition last week, the heads of eight high-tech trade associations wrote: "CAFTA makes important progress in areas critical to the long-term success of our industry, and we consider the vote on this agreement to be one of the most important of 2005. | | | Traditionally pro-business and pro-trade House Democrats have announced plans to vote against the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement, a stance putting at risk support from the rapidly growing high-tech community, one of the few major industries that continue to give substantial backing to Democratic candidates. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/20/AR2005052001513.html
(638 words)
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| | Nigeria.com Discussion Forums - Trade relations between Blacks in Amerikkka and Nigeria |
| | If there are barriers, they are what have been erected by the shortsighted, anti-business, anti-trade policies of overly-bureaucratized African governments, which hamstring foreign economic participation and investment at every turn. | | | I included African Americans because they represent a distinctly huge market that could benefit from and be a benefit to such coalition. | | | >considering most trade agreements are regional in nature. |
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http://www.nigeria.com/dcforum/DCForumID26/241.html
(1003 words)
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| | Arroyo pushes for Asian trade bloc to rival US, EU - INQ7.net |
| | The proposed trade pact would open Japan's labor market to thousands of Filipino nurses and other health workers while breaking down trade barriers on the entry of Japanese auto exports to the Philippines. | | | Ms Arroyo was expected to hold bilateral talks with Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi this afternoon at the Dongpasak Clubhouse. | | | "We recognize the emergence of China and India in the global trading environment," Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi said. |
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http://news.inq7.net/nation/index.php?index=1&story_id=19600
(1179 words)
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| | Trade bloc: Can we trust China?- The Times of India |
| | The market as an institution allows strangers to trade with each other. | | | If trade is good then isn't more trade, through a Free Trade Agreement, even better? | | | An FTA would benefit China more, but can't we balance this by better access for our service exporters? |
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1080121.cms
(337 words)
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| | CNN.com - ASEAN to form EU-style trade bloc - Oct. 7, 2003 |
| | ASEAN also wants to create a free trade agreement with China forming a market of 1.7 billion consumers with a combined gross domestic product of $2 trillion -- the biggest free trade zone in terms of population. | | | The agreement focusses on economic co-operation and is designed to help the nations counter the growing financial clout of China and to a lesser extent India, in the region. | | | The accord signed Tuesday sets deadlines for lowering tariffs and travel restrictions in the ASEAN region which has a trade totaling $720 billion a year, AP reports. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/10/07/asean
(725 words)
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| | Mercosur leaders assess trade bloc - Breaking News - http://www.smh.com.au |
| | Chile, Bolivia and Peru have signed up as associate members, but they do not participate in the most important Mercosur tariff reduction agreements. | | | Mercosur leaders assess trade bloc - Breaking News - http://www.smh.com.au | | | While trade among the Mercosur nations has increased since the zone was created, the bloc has lost much of its prestige because it never managed to slash trade barriers that were supposed to be reduced years ago. |
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http://www.smh.com.au/news/Business/Mercosur-leaders-assess-trade-blocs/2004/12/15/1102787122227.html
(768 words)
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| | Forbes.com: Developing nations trade bloc tries to close ranks |
| | Forbes.com: Developing nations trade bloc tries to close ranks | | | Business and Financial news - Financial markets coverage with personal finance advice, tools, and investing tips from Forbes and affiliated magazine publications | | | The global trade talks that began in 2001 in Doha, Qatar are supposed to conclude by January 2005, but Chile's Foreign Minister Soledad Alvear said "there is very little time" to achieve that goal. |
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http://www.forbes.com/newswire/2003/10/10/rtr1106430.html
(458 words)
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| | Asia Times - New route could nurture new Asian trade bloc |
| | With the agreement in place, the Sikkim government is keen on a rapid implementation of the agreement and not to allow it to be trapped in the usual delays. | | | While all these visions for integrated development are yet to be worked out, and the euphoria for a better economic future is being felt, there is a degree of sobriety in government quarters. | | | Sikkim, which would be the direct beneficiary of this cross-border trade agreement, has lobbied for some time with New Delhi for the resumption of border trade. |
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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EG03Df01.html
(1011 words)
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| | CNN.com - China, ASEAN to create trade bloc - Nov 29, 2004 |
| | Monday's accord is the first stage in a deal to create an open market of 2 billion people by 2010 to compete with Europe and the United States. | | | Discussion of internal political issues among ASEAN members is a touchy subject with leaders generally confining themselves to less contentious economic and trade issues. | | | All external sites will open in a new browser. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/11/29/laos.asean
(507 words)
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| | Central Europe trade bloc says unblocking Danube crucial |
| | Their economy ministers signed a protocol on harmonising various trade regulations with those of the European Union. | | | Orban admitted meanwhile that CEFTA states continued to have problems in the agricultural sector, a highly competitive area. | | | But the fallout from the Kosovo crisis overshadowed their discussions. |
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http://www.agitprop.org.au/stopnato/19991021danube.htm
(641 words)
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| | Global Exchange : Call Made for South American Trade Bloc |
| | Silva and Chavez signed trade and investment pacts. | | | Chavez claims the FTAA is the latest incarnation of economic "colonialism" and vows to put any deal to a popular vote. | | | The United States prefers agricultural matters be negotiated at the World Trade Organization and not in FTAA talks. |
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http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/ftaa/1010.html
(415 words)
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| | Free trade bloc framework approved |
| | At their meeting, trade ministers made no major changes to a draft text handed over by deputy ministers Wednesday. | | | The agreement, due to be formalized by January 2005, will likely change what food consumers buy in supermarkets as well as help dictate the future jobs of the hemisphere’s workers. | | | The agreement will likely change what food consumers buy in supermarkets as well as help dictate the future jobs of the hemisphere’s workers. |
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http://www.msnbc.com/news/995993.asp?0si=-
(588 words)
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| | “Trade Bloc Courts Communist Cuba” - theTrumpet.com |
| | The United States of America—one of the world’s trade giants—refuses to trade with Cuba. | | | Now, with antipathy for the U.S. around the world at a high, Cuba has requested to become an associate member of the $727 billion Latin American trade group Mercosur. | | | Since January 2003, Cuba’s trade with Brazil and Mercosur has doubled. |
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http://www.thetrumpet.com/index.php?page=article&id=1396
(364 words)
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| | Venezuela joins Mercosur trade bloc : SF Indymedia |
| | Venezuela will become a permanent member of the Mercosur trade bloc, helping to strengthen cooperation between the oil-rich country and its regional neighbors, the Venezuelan government has said. | | | Chavez, a fierce critic of US-backed free trade policies in the region, has called for closer regional integration, including seeking support for his own proposal - the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas trade pact, or ALBA for its Spanish initials, named after Latin American independence hero Simon Bolivar. | | | Montevideo, Uruguay during the bloc's annual summit, Chavez |
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http://sf.indymedia.org/news/2005/10/1720910.php
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| | South American trade bloc will try to cement accord with Europe by end of year |
| | The position of the United States is that agricultural disputes should be resolved by the 147-nation World Trade Organization | | | Reducing tariffs and quotas between the two trading zones could increase pressure on the United States to ease its resistance to including agricultural issues in talks under way to create a Free Trade Areas of the Americas (FTAA) stretching from Alaska to Argentina, Silva said. | | | Brazil, which is co-chairing the talks for the FTAA with the United States, has complained for months about the unwillingness of U.S. trade officials to include agricultural subsidies and tariffs in the talks. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2004/04/30/financial1437EDT0185.DTL
(440 words)
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| | Forbes.com: South American leaders bolster Mercosur trade bloc |
| | Bolivia and Chile are associate members of the world's third-largest trade bloc comprising 240 million people. | | | Galvanized by the new presidents of Brazil and Argentina, the bloc is also looking to expand after four years of near paralysis triggered by Brazil's currency crises in 1999 and 2002 and Argentina's economic collapse last year. | | | ASUNCION, Paraguay (Reuters) - South American leaders vowed Wednesday to make the moribund Mercosur trade bloc a common market by 2006 in an effort to counter U.S. dominance in Americas-wide free trade talks. |
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http://www.forbes.com/markets/newswire/2003/06/18/rtr1004381.html
(409 words)
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| | Arab Free Trade Bloc |
| | The Arab Free-Trade Bloc is a direct emulation of the European Economic Community: a group of associated nations forming a single trading unit. | | | None; the Bloc exists only as an economic zone. | | | There have been movements to give the Bloc the characteristics of a political union as well, but so far no such movement has met with success. |
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http://www.geocities.com/martian_dawn/Nations/Arab.htm
(124 words)
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| | BBC NEWS World Americas South America trade bloc expands |
| | Among the most important agreements was the decision to accept Mexico and Venezuela as associate members of Mercosur, a status already enjoyed by Chile, Bolivia and Peru. | | | Trade agreements were also reached with India, South Africa and Egypt. | | | The South American trade bloc, Mercosur, has accepted Mexico and Venezuela as associate members. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3878817.stm
(299 words)
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