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| | Surplus value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In this context, surplus value can also be measured as the increase in the value of the stock of capital assets through an accounting period, prior to distribution. | | | According to Marx's labor theory of value, human labor is the only source of net new economic value, but is also indispensable for the conservation and transfer of economic value (maintenance and redistribution of capital assets). | | | Or, if the rate of profit is measured as a ratio between the total profit component in value added and fixed capital, what is ignored is that capital assets include more than fixed assets, and that profit income includes more than the value added component. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus-value
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Surplus value |
| | Surplus value is defined by Marx as "profit in the form of profit" in the first sentence of the first chapter of Theories of Surplus Value [1]. | | | Total value produced = total labour performed = paid labour (the value of labour-power: variable capital) unpaid labour. | | | Or by lowering the value of the means of subsistence — this requires higher productivity with respect to producing the means of subsistence, instruments of production and raw materials (i.e. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/S/SU/SUR/Surplus_value
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| | Surplus value and the rate of profit |
| | Surplus value arises from the fact that the value of labour power (determined by the amount of socially necessary labour needed to feed, clothe and house the worker) is an altogether different magnitude from the value which is added by the expenditure of this labour power in the course of a working day. | | | However, the actual “appearance” of the extracted surplus value—or the point in the economy where surplus value first makes its appearance in a financial form—seems to depend on the amount of capital employed in the firm, without regard to the amount of living labour employed. | | | If it were not so, and no surplus value was pumped out of the worker in the widget production process, the capitalist would not be in a position to earn a profit on his widget enterprise. |
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http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/feb2002/corr-f06.shtml
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| | Valuation |
| | DCF valuation assumes that cost of capital is calculated using market values of debt and equity. | | | where there are expected to be N projects yielding surplus value (or excess returns) in the future and I is the capital invested in assets in place (which might or might not be equal to the book value of these assets). | | | A policy of maximizing the present value of economic value added over time should be the equivalent of a policy of maximizing firm value. |
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http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/lectures/eva.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Since the value of the constituent elements of the product is equal to the value of the advanced capital, it is mere tautology to say, that the excess of the value of the product over the value of its constituent elements, is equal to the expansion of the capital advanced or to the surplus-value produced. | | | Given the new value produced = £180, which sum consequently represents the whole labour expended during the process, then subtracting from it £90 the value of the variable capital, we have remaining £90, the amount of the surplus-value. | | | is the new value created during the spinning process: of this one half replaces the value of the day's labour-power, or the variable capital, the remaining half constitutes a surplus-value of 3s. |
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http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/marx/cap1/chap09
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| | Fuchs: "Software Engineering and the Production of Surplus Value" |
| | Surplus value is only produced as a surplus to the value of the capital invested, but here surplus value is not an end in itself no permanent accumulation of capital and commodities takes place on the foundation of a single loop of (re-)production. | | | Surplus value can only be created by variable capital; it exists prior to circulation and consumption and is only transformed into profit by the sale of a commodity on the market. | | | One part of the surplus value remains in circulation and is the starting point for another process of accumulation in the form of money capital M that is being reinvested. |
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http://www.eserver.org/clogic/2002/fuchs.html
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| | What is surplus labor? What is surplus value? |
| | Surplus labor is that labor performed in the creation of this surplus value. | | | This compensation plus the value of used up raw materials and the wear and tear on machinery and tools is also less than the total value of her creations. | | | Neoclassical economic theory was developed, in part, to attack the very notion of surplus labor or surplus value and to argue that workers receive all of the value embodied in their creative efforts. |
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http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/sgabriel/surplus_labor_defined.htm
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| | Economic Manuscripts: Theories of Surplus-Value, Chapter 22 |
| | value of the variable capital has remained the same and so has the value of the surplus product. But he has laid out less materialised labour, since the 20 quarters, which were worth £20 previously, are now worth only £10. | | | A fall [or rise] in the value of the elements of constant capital affects the rate of profit by altering the ratio of surplus-value to the total capital outlay. A fall (or rise) in wages, on the other hand, affects the rate of profit by influencing the rate of surplus-value directly. | | | If[bb] the manufacturer has doubled his output as a result of improvements in machinery, the value of his goods must, in the end, fall in the same proportion as their quantity has increased. |
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http://marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value/ch22.htm
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| | Surplus-Value 1 |
| | Since each day of work produces a labor-day of value (under normal conditions) and costs less than a labor-day of value, there is a fraction of a labor-day left over, the surplus-value. | | | Since labor produces all value, but gets only a part of what it produces, surplus-value is exploitation, in the Marxist conception. | | | Therefore, in a competitive capitalist economy, labor is priced at its value. |
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http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/prin/txt/marx/marx4.html
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| | Commodity and Surplus Value |
| | The difference in the amount of value paid to the labourer as against the amount embodied in the commodity is surplus value. | | | Surplus value is realised as profit in the marketplace. | | | The difference between the amount of labor time, cost of raw materials equals the surplus value. |
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http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/marx04.htm
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| | Labor and Surplus Value |
| | This surplus value is appropriated, silently and systematically, by the employer. | | | Instead, "profit" or "surplus value," is systematically "created" through the difference between labor (which functions as a commodity as well as the only activity that can transform other commodities into exchangeable forms) and the labor power that he buys from the worker. | | | The text "Value, Price and Profit" was written as a speech to be given to the International Workingmen's Association in 1865. |
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http://www.english.ilstu.edu/strickland/495/labor.html
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| | marx's theory of surplus-value |
| | The surplus product, and therefore also its money form, surplus-value, is the residual of that new (net) social product (income) which remains after the producing classes have received their compensation (under capitalism: their wages). | | | But the use value of the commodity labour power is precisely its capacity to create new value, including its potential to create more value than its own reproduction costs. | | | Surplus-value is but that difference between the total new value created by the commodity labour power, and its own value, its own reproduction costs. |
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http://www.geocities.com/youth4sa/economics2.html
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| | 17. MORE ABOUT PROFIT ( THE SHARING OF SURPLUS VALUE |
| | The surplus value, or that part of the total value of the commodity in which the surplus labor or unpaid labor of the workingman is realized, I call profit. | | | For example, the mine owner may owe interest to the banker whose capital he/she is using for the mining machinery, the transportation company may owe payments on the trucks, and they both would owe for taxes and insurance. | | | We have mentioned that there are other costs that capitalists incur and must lay out part of their surplus value for, such as advertising and insurance. |
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http://www1.minn.net/~nup/ch17.htm
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| | Glossary of Terms: Su |
| | Having been accumulated as capital, surplus value must then be distributed to landlords, bankers and other parasites, and expended via taxes on the various expenses of maintaining the social fabic. | | | The measure of value is labour time, so surplus value is the accumulated product of the unpaid labour time of the producers. | | | The end effect of these improvements in production may be to increase the productivity of labour, but unless the rate of surplus value is increased proportionately, the rate of profit will actually fall. |
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http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/s/u.htm
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| | The Theory of Surplus Value |
| | Every day the value of those widgets (less what had to be reserved for depreciation and reinvestment and what the workers desired to reserve for expansion, if any) would be distributed to the workers. | | | No, they don't actually possess very much currency; instead they wisely own the means of production; the value of a widget factory is always the value of a widget factory, despite how many units of currency this is expressed in. | | | The workers much spend their pay every day because they have no excess to save, so they buy their widget and their family consumes this single widget, living day-to-day in simple poverty. |
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http://www.soilandhealth.org/05steve'sfolder/0501steveswritings/050107surplusvalue.html
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| | Chapter Conversion of Surplus-Value into Capital of Das Kapital by Karl Marx |
| | Though the latter with a portion of that tribute purchases the additional labour-power even at its full price, so that equivalent is exchanged for equivalent, yet the transaction is for all that only the old dodge of every conqueror who buys commodities from the conquered with the money he has robbed them of. | | | Consequently, a part of the annual surplus-labour must have been applied to the production of additional means of production and subsistence, over and above the quantity of these things required to replace the capital advanced. | | | Now in order to allow of these elements actually functioning as capital, the capitalist class requires additional labour. |
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http://www.bibliomania.com/2/1/261/1294/24759/2.html
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| | Surplus-Value 5 |
| | In both industries, the rate of exploitation is 100%, that is, s=v -- half of the value created by the labor day is appropriated by the employer, so s/v=1. | | | One industry, baking, has an organic composition of capital of 1/2; that is, its wage bill is half as large as its non-labor costs. | | | Classical Political Economists all agreed that there could be only one rate of profit in the economy. |
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http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/prin/txt/marx/marx8.html
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| | PHYSIOCRATS |
| | It is not that commerce and manufacturing should be discouraged, they said, but rather that it is not worthwhile for the government to distort the whole economy with monopolistic charters, controls and protective tariffs to prop up sectors which produced no net product and thus added no wealth to a nation. | | | Government policy, if any, should be geared to maximizing the value and output of the agricultural sector. | | | Indeed, the Physiocrats also owed to Cantillon their "land theory of value". |
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http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/schools/physioc.htm
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| | mx&sv |
| | A pile of pieces of wood, pots of glue and bits of material are worth a certain amount as raw materials — but when a labourer assembles them into a chair, the chair is worth more — it has had value added to it, by labour. | | | You can’t do much with wood or glue, but, if you think it out, you can ‘stretch’ your labour to deliver even more added value. | | | The labour market treats human labour as if it were just any other ‘raw material’. |
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http://www.arasite.org/mxsv.htm
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| | surplus value - definition of surplus value by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | All the profits of labor, on which they might improve their position, and gain leisure for themselves, and after that education, all the surplus values are taken from them by the capitalists. | | | The difference between the value of the product produced by labor and the actual price of labor as paid out in wages in Marxian analysis of capitalism. | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/surplus+value
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| | Economic Manuscripts: Theories of Surplus-Value by Karl Marx 1863 |
| | (c) Observations on the Influence of the Change in the Value of the Means of Subsistence and of Raw Material (Hence also the Value of Machinery) on the Organic Composition of Capital | | | 2. Ramsay’s Views on Surplus-Value and on Value. Reduction of Surplus-Value to Profit. The Influence Which Changes in the Value of Constant and Variable Capital Exert on the Rate and Amount of Profit | | | 3. The Value of Constant Capital Decreases While That of Variable Capital Increases and Vice Versa, and the Effect of These Changes on the Rate of Profit |
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http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value
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| | [No title] |
| | The prolongation of the working day beyond the point at which the labourer would have produced just an equivalent for the value of his labour-power, and the appropriation of that surplus-labour by capital, this is production of absolute surplus-value. | | | This at all events is a progress as against the mercantilists who, on their side, derived the excess of the price over the cost of production of the product, from the act of exchange, from the product being sold above its value. | | | On the other hand, his school has openly proclaimed the productiveness of labour to be the originating cause of profit (read: Surplus-value). |
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http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/marx/cap1/chap16
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| | Wordsmyth |
| | in Marxist theory, the difference between the value of the products of a worker's labor and the wage he or she receives, which constitutes the profit made by a capitalist owner of land, a factory, or the like. | | | If you register now this message and color will disappear, and ensure that you won't miss any of the unique Wordsmyth features you've come to enjoy. |
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http://wordsmyth.net/live/home.php?script=search&matchent=surplus+value&...
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| | Marx and Surplus Value |
| | The pivotal paragraph in which Marx revealed the source of surplus value in capital stated that: | | | The essence of Marx's logic was to identify the commodity as the central "unity" in capitalism, with exchange-value as its foreground aspect and use-value as its background aspect. | | | With the result that surplus arises from production in general, and not from any especially privileged input to production, Marx effectively freed classical economics from the many technical weaknesses that led to its defeat, in the 19th century, by the then new "neoclassical" school. |
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http://www.debunking-economics.com/Marx
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| | surplus value - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | We found 9 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word surplus value: | | | surplus value : The Wordsmyth English Dictionary-Thesaurus [home, info] | | | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "surplus value" is defined. |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=surplus+value&ls=a
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