|
| |
| | Transatlantic Slave Trade |
 | | As an Atlantic maritime enterprise, however, the transatlantic slave trade is well documented: European governments taxed vessels clearing and entering customs, and many newspapers and colonial gazettes survive, as do general shipping documents such as muster rolls and ship registers. | | | Scholars have argued that the transatlantic slave trade was an extremely profitable business that created pools of investment capital linked to industrialization in areas of Europe and North America. | | | British naval pressure and changing Brazilian attitudes about the slave trade led to government measures which effectively ended the trade by the early 1850s. |
|
http://archive.blackvoices.com/research/encarta/trading.asp
|
|
| |
| | The Slave Trade |
| | In December 1806 a bill abolishing the slave trade was submitted to the Committee of the Whole for debate and amendment. | | | Slaves were technically merchandise, however unfortunate that classification may be, and were therefore within Congress' power to tax. | | | Debated whether captured slaves were legally defined as merchandise, and if their status as human being was primary or secondary. |
|
http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/slave.htm
|
|
| |
| | MSN Encarta - Atlantic Slave Trade |
| | Usually, second- or third-generation slaves became recognized members of the household, no longer liable for sale. | | | Thus, in much of Africa, those interested in increasing their wealth through production purchased slaves. | | | To increase production, families had to invest in more workers. |
|
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761595721
|
|
| |
| | SLAVE TRADE |
| | In 1623, he advised his successor, not merely the prosecution of Asiatic trade, “but the investment of all available capital in principal means of production (‘many thousands of slaves’)
so that the returns for our native country be made out of the gains of the inland trade and the ordinary revenues”. | | | In short, black or white, castrated or otherwise, the price of foreign slaves was high as, besides other factors, it also covered the cost of their transportation. | | | As per his orders, no middlemen or brokers were allowed to visit the slave-market and examine the “goods”, so that the profits of the traders were curtailed while those of the Sultan swelled. |
|
http://www.bharatvani.org/books/mssmi/ch10.htm
|
|
| |
| | Slave Castles and Diaspora of Ghana |
| | These enterprises built and manned new installations as the companies pursued their trading activities and defended their respective jurisdictions with varying degrees of government backing. | | | The seemingly insatiable market and the substantial profits to be gained from the slave trade attracted adventurers from all over Europe. | | | The next 150 years saw kaleidoscopic change and uncertainty, marked by local conflicts and diplomatic maneuvers, during which various European powers struggled to establish or to maintain a position of dominance in the profitable trade of the Gold Coast littoral. |
|
http://www.atidekate.com/Diaspora.htm
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | In one account, a slave ship captain reported, "Slaves are not usually used in Newport per say, they are but a profitable trading item, a business commodity" (Scott). | | | The profits generated from triangular trade provided Newport merchants with extra capital. | | | Each financed 159 ventures or 39.6% of the joint total. |
|
http://www.providence.edu/afro/students/kane/triangle.txt
|
|
| |
| | The impact of the slave trade on Africa, by Elikia M’bokolo |
| | Clearly, the slave trade was far from marginal. | | | The Atlantic trade is the least poorly documented to date, but this is not the only reason. | | | The states involved in the slave trade strove to keep it within strict limits. |
|
http://mondediplo.com/1998/04/02africa
|
|
| |
| | Chronology on the History of Slavery 1619 to 1789 |
| | British dominance in the slave trade began a new period of change in the European/African relationship. | | | Despite the popular assertion that free labor was cheaper, the price of slaves continued to go up and to compensate for the risks of the trade." - | | | Slavery in the United States was governed by an extensive body of law developed from the 1660s to the 1860s. |
|
http://www.innercity.org/holt/slavechron.html
|
|
| |
| | Learn About the UGRR: The Slave Trade |
| | However, all three states permitted interstate trade again during the profitable cotton trade of the 1850s. | | | Many slaveholding states attempted to regulate this trade, though efforts were poorly enforced and usually short-lived. | | | Though the United States withdrew from the international slave trade in 1808, the internal slave trade between slaveholding states became a multi-million dollar industry during the nineteenth century. |
|
http://www.cr.nps.gov/ugrr/learn_a1.htm
|
|
| |
| | Timeline: The Atlantic Slave Trade |
| | British cruisers are authorized to arrest suspected Spanish slavers and bring them before mixed commissions established at Sierra Leone and Havana. | | | U.S. Congress passes legislation stiffening provisions against American participation in the slave trade. | | | May 10: U.S. enacts stiff penalties for American citizens serving voluntarily on slavers trading between two foreign countries. |
|
http://amistad.mysticseaport.org/timeline/atlantic.slave.trade.html
|
|
| |
| | The Slave Trade - Middle Passage - African-American History Through the Arts |
| | A federal law, which was passed in 1793, allowed for the Fugitive Slave Act, which continued the slave trade and prohibited the freedom of the Africans. | | | Sugar trade was extremely important to the development of the Atlantic world.The slave labor resulted in the plantations production of large quantities of sugar cane. | | | Regardless of these facts, extensive research proved that the slave trade was productive to European growth. |
|
http://cghs.dade.k12.fl.us/african-american/europe/slave_trade.htm
|
|
| |
| | The Middle Passage |
| | Vermont became the first state to abolish slavery in 1777 and on March 2, 1807, Congress passed an act which forbade slave trading with Africa. | | | The "Merchants Trading to Africa" was founded in 1750 and became the largest slave trading company with over 237 ships in the trade. | | | There are 55 detailed accounts that record the brutal middle passage. |
|
http://multirace.org/firstday/first30.htm
|
|
| |
| | Slave Trade |
| | Slaves were one of the higher ranking commodities in the Roman world. | | | Much like the modern slave systems, the sale and trading of slaves was central to the growth and maintenance of the institution. | | | Slave Trade Legal Status Family Life |
|
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~thurley/trade.html
|
|
| |
| | Slavery: Slave Trade eThemes eMINTS |
| | See currency from the Confederacy with slaves on it. | | | These sites provide information on the slave trade that involved the United States and Africa. | | | Read diary entries of Africans as they reflect on the slave trade in their countries. |
|
http://www.emints.org/ethemes/resources/S00000464.shtml
|
|
| |
| | The modern West African slave trade |
| | The children are kidnapped or purchased for $20 - $70 each by slavers in poorer states, such as Benin and Togo, and sold into slavery in sex dens or as unpaid domestic servants for $350.00 each in wealthier oil-rich states, such as Nigeria and Gabon. | | | The trade involves most states in sub-Saharan West Africa. | | | Cunning, deceit, the use of drugs to subdue the children and the whip still remain part of the essential equipment of the professional slaver. |
|
http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/slavetrade.htm
|
|
| |
| | The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade |
| | The European colonial enterprise was firmly based on African slavery, and historians have long acknowledged that the very creation of Capitalism as an economic system was inextricably intertwined with the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the wealth generated by the slave trade and the labor of those enslaved peoples. | | | From Colin Palmer, "African Slave Trade: The Cruelest Commerce," National Geographic 182.3 (1992), based on various sources. | | | While today’s conference is concerned with contemporary migrations within the Diaspora, there are deep historical roots which can provide important backgrounds, some even predating the trans-Atlantic slave trade: trans-Saharan, trans-Mediterranean, trans-Indian Ocean, and intra-African migrations, going back millenia. |
|
http://www.unc.edu/depts/afriafam/AnniversaryConference/baw.htm
|
|
| |
| | Bristol and the Slave Trade - Links to Online Resources |
| | Below are some links to sites about the slave trade organised loosely into categories. | | | This piece, If The Georgian House Could Speak, was written and performed by members of the Miss Evers' Boys company, then appearing at Bristol Old Vic. | | | Most of these links will lead you to much, much more. |
|
http://www.hotwells.freeserve.co.uk/slavetrade.html
|
|
| |
| | Slavery Images |
| | This collection is envisioned as a tool and a resource that can be used by teachers, researchers, students, and the general public - in brief, anyone interested in the experiences of Africans who were enslaved and transported to the Americas and the lives of their descendants in the slave societies of the New World. | | | It must be emphasized that little effort is made to interpret the images and establish the historical authenticity or accuracy of what they display. |
|
http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Slavery
|
|
| |
| | Slave Trade |
| | These empires-- known as Ghana, Mali and Songhai-- thrived on trade and developed efficient governments. | | | During the early 5500's, the Europeans began the slave trade in which they transported the blacks to the Americas. | | | The whole slave trade can be summed up and narrowed down to three continents. |
|
http://www.angelfire.com/de/slavetrade
|
|
| |
| | The Slave Trade |
| | Without resistance, there would have been no need for the extensive legal codes which upheld property rights in human beings or for the brutal intimidation which always existed just beneath the surface of this coercive social system. | | | The circumstances which gave rise to the Underground Railroad were based on the transportation of Africans to North America as part of the Atlantic slave trade. |
|
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/slvtrade.htm
|
|
| |
| | UNESCO - Slave Trade Archives Project |
| | USA - Synopsis of the transatlantic slave trade - A Timeline 1441-1888 provided by the Homeward Boun | | | Slave Trade Archives Project - Feasibility study prepared by the International Council on Archives (ICA) | | | Breaking the silence - ASPnet Transatlantic Slave Trade Project |
|
http://webworld.unesco.org/slave_quest/en/links.html
|
|
| |
| | Slave Trade Africa |
| | Slavery in South Africa, the imposition of enforced servitude by a powerful racist group toward disadvantaged humans of another race. | | | Slave societies living in constant fear - A task force set up to track down runaway slaves. | | | A failed bid by slaves to freedom - Slaves breakout and hold the boat crew hostage |
|
http://www.rebirth.co.za/slavery.htm
|
|
| |
| | Juneteenth.com - The Middle Passage - Tom Feelings |
| | Nowhere in the annals of history has a people experienced such a long and traumatic ordeal as Africans during the Atlantic slave trade. | | | Although there is no way to compute exactly how many people perished, it has been estimated that between thirty and sixty million Africans were subjected to this horrendous triangular trade system and that only one third-if that-of those people survived...' | | | Over the nearly four centuries of the slave - which continued until the end of the Civil War - millions of African men, women, and children were savagely torn from their homeland, herded onto ships, and dispersed all over the so-called New World. |
|
http://www.juneteenth.com/middlep.htm
|
|
|
