|
| |
| | Welcome to the Benton Foundation Benton Foundation |
 | | The CAC asks to issue Reports and Orders in Public Interest Obligations of TV broadcast Licensees (MM Docket No. 99–360); and Standardized and Enhanced Disclosure Requirements for Television Broadcast Licensee Public Interest Obligations (MM 20 Docket No. 00–168 | | | The petition charges that the stations in question fell far short of their obligations to serve the public interest by failing to provide adequate coverage of local and state elections during the 2004 campaign. | | | We include: summaries of key bills, a guide to what public interest and industry groups are saying, links to the reports that Congress will rely upon and the Headlines that cover it all. |
|
http://www.benton.org
(1108 words)
|
|
| |
| | unsaved:///New Page 7.htm |
| | All Statement of Economic Interests Forms for candidates for public office (except candidates for the House of Representatives and Senate) and those public official, public members, and public employees are to be submitted to the State Ethics Commission. | | | Identity of each business or entity in which the filer or a member of the filer's immediate family held/controlled, in the aggregate, securities or interests constituting 5% or more of the total issued AND which constitute a value of $100,00 or more. | | | A copy of the contract must be attached to the Statement of Economic Interests Form when being submitted. |
|
http://www.state.sc.us/ethics/disclosur.htm
(272 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public Expenditure |
| | (The remainder is interest on the PUBLIC DEBT.) By 1995, transfer expenditures including interest accounted for over 57% of all government spending. | | | Since 1970, 36% of the increase in public expenditures is attributable to transfers and only 41% to expenditures on goods and services. | | | More than 50% of the postwar increase in government expenditures is accounted for by expenditures on health, education and welfare. |
|
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006544
(272 words)
|
|
| |
| | Careers in Public Relations: An Overview |
| | Establishing systems for the dissemination of material to appropriate newspaper, broadcast, general and trade publication editors, and communicating with them to enlist their interest in publishing an organization's news and features are regular public relations activities. | | | Identifying and addressing issues of public interest in which an organization is, or should be, concerned. | | | Stimulating an interest in a person, product or organization by means of a focused "happening;" also, activities designed to enable an organization to listen to and interact with its publics. |
|
http://www.prsa.org/_Resources/profession/careeroverview.asp?ident=prof2
(2632 words)
|
|
| |
| | pubcred |
| | He asserted, that there was a fallacy in imagining that the public owed this debt; for that really every individual owed a proportional share of it, and paid, in his taxes, a proportional share of the interest, beside the expence of levying these taxes. | | | Public securities are with us become a kind of money, and pass as readily at the current price as gold or silver. | | | The only check which the creditors have upon her, is the interest of preserving credit; an interest, which may easily be overbalanced by a great debt, and by a difficult and extraordinary emergence, even supposing that credit irrecoverable. |
|
http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/hume/pubcred
(2632 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public Service Broadcasting |
| | Language contained within this act explicitly mandated broadcasting stations to operate "in the public interest, convenience or necessity," but the public service ideals of raising the educational and cultural standards of the citizenry were marginalized in favor of capitalistic incentives. | | | This corporation grew out of recommendations of the Crawford Committee appointed by the British Postmaster General in August of 1925, Included in those recommendations was the creation of a public corporation which would serve as a trustee for the national interest in broadcasting. | | | Public service broadcasting is based on the principles of universality of service, diversity of programming, provision for minority audiences including the disadvantaged, sustaining an informed electorate, and cultural and educational enrichment. |
|
http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/P/htmlP/publicservicb/publicserviceb.htm
(2632 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public ownership - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Public sector institutions have access to finance at government interest rates, which are (almost) always lower than even the most financially secure private sector firms, because the government cannot go bankrupt, which means less risk to the lender. | | | Public ownership can protect consumer interests in sectors where competition is low, where choices are important but made infrequently, and/or where consumers do not have the expertise to make good decisions (such as in health care). | | | Public ownership of profitable services may lead to "gold-plating" (over-investment in assets) if decisions are driven by engineering ideals and not efficiency concerns. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_ownership
(967 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Public Lending Right Scheme 1982 (Commencement of Variations) Order 1988 |
| | The person who, as a result of an amendment of the Register pursuant to article 12 or 17A, becomes the registered owner of a registered interest shall be entitled to the payment of Public Lending Right in respect of that interest from the date upon which the Register was amended. | | | —(1) Any sum payable by way of Public Lending Right in respect of a registered interest, for any financial year, shall (unless sooner paid) fall due for payment on the last day of that year. | | | No Public Lending Right in respect of a particular book shall subsist and no transmission of a registered interest shall be effective until such Right or such transmission has been entered in the Register by the Registrar. |
|
http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1988/Uksi_19882070_en_3.htm
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Introduction to Public Choice Theory |
| | At the heart of all public choice theories then is the notion that an official at any level, be they in the public or private sector, "acts at least partly in his own self- interest, and some officials are motivated solely by their own self-interest." (Downs, Anthony Inside Bureaucracy (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1967)). | | | Public Choice has much to say about the use of rent-seeking, which is the act of obtaining special treatment by the government at the expense of the rest of us. | | | Public Choice theorists attempt to examine the system of government in which the people governed define their government by means of a constitution. |
|
http://www.magnolia.net/~leonf/sd/pub-choice.html
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public spending and public debt |
| | In other words, we're spending about 30% of our income on public services and about 10% for interest on the debt. | | | So we're still spending roughly 30% of our income on public services and 10% (somewhat less) on interest, but we're only borrowing $200 each year instead of $1000, and that should continue to drop. | | | Assuming that they're approximately correct, we spend 2,500 on interest and 9,000 on public services, out of an average income of 28,000 (GDP per capita). |
|
http://www.geocities.com/rwvong/public-spending.html
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | DesGriffin.com - Leadership, Management & Governance |
| | Public choice economists make the same assumption - that although people acting in the political marketplace have some concern for others, their main motive, whether they are voters, politicians, lobbyists, or bureaucrats, is self-interest. | | | "Public choice theory is a branch of economics that developed from the study of taxation and public spending. | | | In the public sector utilities have been privatised resulting in higher charges to consumers and large fees to directors of the privatised companies. |
|
http://www.desgriffin.com/leadership/
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public Choice Theory, by Jane S. Shaw: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | Public choice economists make the same assumption—that although people acting in the political marketplace have some concern for others, their main motive, whether they are voters, politicians, lobbyists, or bureaucrats, is self-interest. | | | Public choice economists have also tried to develop rule changes that will reduce legislation that caters to special interests and leads to ever-expanding government expenditures. | | | Buchanan and Tullock began with the view that a collective decision that is truly just—that is, a decision in the public interest—would be one that all voters would support unanimously. |
|
http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/PublicChoiceTheory.html
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Finance Topic: Bonds |
| | Summary of Treasury Inflation-Indexed Securities Defines the basic terms of these bonds, such as how principal and interest rates are calculated, how the inflation rate is set and the basis on which the value of the bonds is calculated at maturity. | | | Also, refer to the magazine's brief description of How Inflation-Indexed Bonds Work to see an example of how the principal and interest would be calculated, based on the example's interest and inflation rates. | | | After entering the bond's current price, face value, coupon rate, the type of bond (Municipal, Treasury or Corporate) and your federal and state tax rates, the calculator displays the before and after-tax yield on your coupon income. |
|
http://www.swcollege.com/web_resources/bonds.htm
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | More FIs may redeem public issue bonds |
| | FIs had raised most of these funds through the public issue of bonds at interest rates ranging from 15.5 to 16 per cent on a compounding basis. | | | FI officials feel that the institutions have little choice but to prepay these high-cost bonds as the interest rate differential (bond interest rates compared with the current rates) works out to four to five per cent. | | | Thus, the only option left is to reduce the cost of borrowings by retiring high-cost bonds and accessing cheaper sources of funds'', the official said. |
|
http://www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/2000/07/02/stories/14026204.htm
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public choice theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | While the good government tends to be a pure public good for the mass of voters, there exists a plethora of various interest groups that have strong incentives for lobbying the government to implement specific inefficient policies that would benefit them at the expense of the general public. | | | One of the basic insights that underlie the public choice theory is that good government policies in a democracy are an underprovided public good, because of the rational ignorance of the voters. | | | Prior to the emergence of the public choice theory, economists tended to ascribe to the government the role of an infallible controller with perfect information and unlimited powerâan entity which the economist David Friedman called a "bureaucrat god". |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_choice_theory
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Economic Espionage: Clandestine Methods Used to Disadvantage Canadian Interests |
| | While not all foreign governments are involved, they all have the potential to commit acts of economic espionage in support of their public and private sector interests. | | | Canadian public and private organizations possess information of both technological and economic significance, the protection of which is essential to their economic well-being, and by extension, the economic interests of Canada. | | | Cooperation between government and business is important to develop and maintain a secure business environment conducive to advancing Canadian economic interests in the global marketplace and reducing the vulnerabilities to economic espionage activities. |
|
http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/eng/aware/aware3_e.html
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Portugal Economy - The Consolidated Public Sector |
| | Their poorer economic performance may partially be explained by public management's frustration at attempting to reconcile impossible goals: on the one side, a concern for the "bottom line"; on the other, coping with the distributional struggles of interest groups. | | | The budgetary burden of the public enterprises as a result of their overall weak performance was substantial: enterprise transfers to the Portuguese government (mainly taxes) fell short of government receipts in the forms of subsidies and capital transfers. | | | The lag in public sector receipts resulted in large public enterprise and general government deficits. |
|
http://countrystudies.us/portugal/66.htm
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | AllRefer - Portugal - The General Government Portuguese Information Resource |
| | Escalating interest payments on the public debt from less than half a percent of GDP in 1973 to 8.2 percent of GDP in 1990 were the result of both a rise in the debt itself and higher real effective interest rates. | | | This reduction was a direct consequence of the gradual abandonment by the government of its policy of curbs on rises in public utility rates and food prices, against which it paid subsidies to public enterprises. | | | The VAT, whose normal rate was 17 percent, replaced all indirect taxes, such as the transactions tax, railroad tax, and tourism tax. |
|
http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/portugal/portugal92.html
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | City Clerk's Office Statement of Economic Interests |
| | The Statement of Economic Interests (Fair Political Practices Commission Form 700) is a public document which public officials and certain government employees, including consultants and even volunteer board members, use to disclose financial interests. | | | The disclosure provisions may require the reporting of investments, interests in real property, income and other financial interests. | | | You may have no financial interests of the type youre required to disclose, according to your conflict of interest code. |
|
http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/elections/eid/economic.shtml
(5742 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public administration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The adjective 'public' often denotes 'government', though it increasingly encompasses nonprofit organizations such as those of civil society or any not specifically acting in self-interest. | | | Public administration can be compared to business administration, and the MPA viewed as similar to an MBA for those wishing to pursue governmental or non-profit careers. | | | Others see public management as a new, economically driven perspective on the operation of government. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_administration
(185 words)
|
|
| |
| | Relating to public bonds; creating new provisions; amending ORS 223.235, 238.694, 271.390, 284.365, 285A.274, 287.018, 287. |
| | At least 15 days prior to any public hearing on the proposed budget, the board shall give notice of the hearing to all persons known to be interested in the proceedings of the board and to any person who requests notice. | | | (12) A termination payment required to be paid by a public body that is not a state issuer under an agreement for exchange of interest rates may not be paid from taxes that the public body may levy that are exempt from the limitations of sections 11 and 11b, Article XI of the Oregon Constitution. | | | A BILL FOR AN ACT Relating to public bonds; creating new provisions; amending ORS 223.235, 238.694, 271.390, 284.365, 285A.274, 287.018, 287.025, 287.053, 288.150, 288.155, 288.515, 288.605, 288.645, 288.865, 294.035, 294.040, 294.046, 294.048, 294.135, 294.326, 294.483, 297.405, 305.583, 310.651, 441.590, 468.272, 478.390 and 777.590; and repealing ORS 288.310 and 288.320. |
|
http://www.leg.state.or.us/05reg/measures/sb0001.dir/sb0023.intro.html
(185 words)
|
|
| |
| | Guidelines for Public Debt Management |
| | Public debt management problems often find their origins in the lack of attention paid by policymakers to the benefits of having a prudent debt management strategy and the costs of weak macroeconomic management. | | | Debt managers who seek to manage actively the debt portfolio to profit from expectations of movements in interest rates and exchange rates, which differ from those implicit in current market prices, should be aware of the risks involved and accountable for their actions. | | | Debt managers should ensure that the fiscal authorities are aware of the impact of government financing requirements and debt levels on borrowing costs. |
|
http://www.imf.org/external/np/mae/pdebt/2000/eng
(185 words)
|
|
| |
| | Hoover Essay in Public Policy - Welfare for the Well-Off: How Business Subsidies Fleece Taxpayers |
| | These welfare payments come in every conceivable shape and size: government grants, sweetheart business deals arranged by the Commerce Department, cut-rate insurance, low-interest loans, a protective wall against foreign competition, exclusive government contracts, and a mind-boggling maze of special interest loopholes in the tax code. | | | We hear "welfare" and our minds conjure up a young unwed mother of two or three infants, huddled in front of a TV set in a public housing tenement and living at taxpayer expense on monthly Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) checks and food stamps. | | | In 1993 there were more than thirty-six hundred product tariffs and quotas imposed by Uncle Sam, all obtained for private advantage under the pretense of public good. |
|
http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/publications/epp/88/88b.html
(2709 words)
|
|
| |
| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Public service advertising |
| | Non-commercial advertising, public service advertising, public interest advertising, issue advertising, cause-related marketing, public education campaigns and social marketing are different terms for (or aspects of) the use of sophisticated marketing communications techniques (generally associated with commercial enterprise) on behalf of non-commercial, public interest initiatives. | | | The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, energy conservation, and deforestation. | | | Public Service or non-commercial advertising campaigns have existed in the United States since 1942. |
|
http://pedia.nodeworks.com/P/PU/PUB/Public_service_advertising
(2709 words)
|
|
| |
| | Securities - definition of Securities in Encyclopedia |
| | New issues of securities, including what is commonly known as an IPO, or Initial Public Offering, for new stock issues, are offered on the primary market. | | | Securities that have already been issued may also be traded; this trading is called the aftermarket or secondary market. | | | In the United States, the offer and sale of securities is either registered pursuant to a registration statement that is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or are offered and sold pursuant to an exemption therefrom. |
|
http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Securities
(2709 words)
|
|
| |
| | PUBLIC CENTRAL BANK |
| | At the same time, central bank stockholders may be speculating against these same borrowers in currency markets - undermining their own client governments, generating instability, currency chaos, and need for evermore interest-bearing debt, not to mention financing both sides in costly wars and arms races. | | | Instead, with a private central bank, we are required to pay for our homes, as well as all our infrastructure and defense, three or four times over due to the interest costs imposed by private central bankers and their affiliated bond dealers. | | | Given their distorted educations and fears for their own job security, the public (maybe not private) opinion of many economists and bankers today remains that the "independence" of a central bank is a kind of given, an institution necessary to achieve stability and progress. |
|
http://www.publiccentralbank.com
(7481 words)
|
|
| |
| | A Plea for Public |
| | To most people, "public property" means "government property," on the (dubious) theory that governments hold their property in trust for the public, and administer such property with an eye to the public interest. | | | And if this is so, then public property would not be tolerated in a free nation, because the liability costs would simply be too high. | | | As for the higher-standards issue, it is true that users of public property face a somewhat greater risk from their fellow users than users of private property do. |
|
http://www.libertariannation.org/a/f53l1.html
(7481 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public expenditure: a key concept in Economics |
| | Public expenditure is also told to crowd-out investment, possibly through an interest rate increase, further leading, in a floating exchange rate regime, to a currency appreciation. | | | Public expenditure can be financed through taxes, public debt, money emission, international aid. | | | Public expenditure is the value of goods and services bought by the State and its articulations. |
|
http://www.economicswebinstitute.org/glossary/pubexp.htm
(7481 words)
|
|
| |
| | Public Choice Theory: Not the Whole Story |
| | It is not surprising, furthermore, that "public servants" who serve special interests are not able to keep their minds on what the public interest happens to be. | | | Virtually no meaningful distinction betweeen the public and the private interest is possible when government promotes the same ends that are pursued in the private sector. | | | The reason this is obscured and why public choice theory is only now adjusting itself to the insight is that the welfare state is structurally incapable of facilitating the serving of a distinct public interest when it implies by its scope that no distinction between public and private concerns exists. |
|
http://www.libertyhaven.com/theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/publicchoice/publictheory.html
(2769 words)
|
|
|
