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| | Protectionism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In its historic sense, protectionism is the economic policy of relying on revenue tariffs for government funding in order to reduce or eliminate taxation on domestic industries and labor (e.g., corporate and personal income taxes). | | | The goal of traditional protectionism is to maximize tax revenue from the purchase of foreign products with the goal of being able to reduce or eliminate other forms of domestic taxation (income taxes, sales taxes, etc.) as a result. | | | Traditional protectionism sees revenue tariffs as a source of government funding, much like a sales tax, that can be used to reduce other domestic forms of taxes. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionism
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| | The Dangerous Nonsense of Protectionism |
| | Protectionism is also peculiarly destructive because it acts as a coerced and artificial increase in the cost of transportation between regions. | | | Protectionism is simply a plea that consumers, as well as general prosperity, be hurt so as to confer permanent special privilege upon groups of less efficient producers, at the expense of more competent firms and of consumers. | | | (Let alone realize that the overall balance is no problem either.) But we need not reread the economic literature to realize that the impetus for protectionism comes not from preposterous theories, but from the quest for coerced special privilege and restraint of trade at the expense of efficient competitors and consumers. |
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http://www.mises.org/rothbard/protectionism.asp
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| | A World Connected - Protectionism: Tariffs, Subsidies, and Trade Policy |
| | "Protectionism" when used to describe a policy agenda of high tariffs and subsidies is a term that is apt and misleading at the same time. | | | Each argument for protectionism has merits: protectionism does save jobs in protected industries, can sometimes save those industries from financial catastrophe, and can be useful sometimes when it comes to negotiating trade agreements with other countries. | | | A policy agenda that seeks to maximize the number of tariffs and subsidies a government employs is usually called protectionism. |
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http://www.aworldconnected.org/article.php/489.html
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| | PCDForum Column #67 |
| | Protectionism to economists usually means protecting an inefficient, lazy and often monopolistic national industry against really efficient foreign competition to the detriment of consumers. | | | To the contrary, there are important instances in which protectionism is an essential precondition even to economic efficiency. | | | The most fundamental rule of economic efficiency in a market economy is that the full costs of producing a product must be included in its price. |
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http://www.pcdf.org/1994/67daly.htm
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| | Measuring Protectionism: Average Tariff Rates Around the World |
| | Ideally, what we would like to measure is the degree to which a government's policies (both domestic and trade policies) affects the flow of goods and services (on both the import and export side) between itself and the rest of the world. | | | If IP = 1, it would indicate that current government policies are completely non-restrictive and the economy could be characterized as being in a pure state of "free trade." If IP = 0, then government policies would be so restrictive as to force the economy into a state of isolation or autarky. | | | ne method used to measure the degree of protectionism within an economy is the average tariff rate. |
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http://internationalecon.com/v1.0/ch20/20c010.html
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| | Victor A. Canto on Steel Tariffs & Protectionism on NRO Financial |
| | In a static world, protectionism becomes a simple income-redistribution scheme where money is handed to one industry at the expense of everyone else. | | | Victor A. Canto on Steel Tariffs and Protectionism on NRO Financial | | | And this all will lead to another political decision: Does the politician worry now about the workers in the steel-intensive industries or those in the steel-making industries? |
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http://www.nationalreview.com/nrof_canto/canto053002.asp
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| | THE MYTHS AND REALITIES OF TRADE PROTECTIONISM [Free Republic] |
| | The combination of higher steel wages and 20 years of protectionism cost more jobs among users of steel than were saved in the steel industry.11 Moreover, Americans paid some $5 billion a year in higher prices. | | | There is no evidence that protectionism produces economic benefits that outweigh its costs, but there is plenty of evidence that it does more harm than good. | | | This amounts to $11 billion to $15 billion a year.7 Thus, while protectionism saved 22,390 U.S. textile and apparel jobs in the 1980s, it cost the U.S. consumer $550,916 per job saved. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a381626ad263c.htm
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| | Protectionism Didn't Help Copper - Mises Institute |
| | The lawyers and accountants for each of the companies and the industry group spent hours collecting data to support the case and preparing scripts to be used for testimony in support of the protectionism. | | | I argued that we would be better off spending our time lobbying for reduced regulation and reduced taxation on the our industry. | | | Neither will it save any sector in the face of economic reality. |
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http://www.mises.org/fullstory.asp?control=1290
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| | Deregulation or Protectionism? - Global Issues |
| | Too much deregulation of certain vital services, some of which could be seen as fundamental rights (such as health and education services) could lead to the inability to provide standards for the full range of the population and less protection for domestic industries against often larger or transnational corporations. | | | Watkins lists a number of other areas, besides the AGOA that are beset with problems of hypocrisy, and concludes that “nihilism and blind pursuit of US economic and corporate special interest represents an obstacle to the creation of an international trading system capable of extending the benefits of globalisation to the world’s poor.” | | | On the other hand, too much protectionism could stifle innovation and even foreign investment. |
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http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/FreeTrade/ProtectOrDeregulate.asp
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| | ISIL -- Free Trade or Protectionism? |
| | They are laws that not only restrict the choice of consumer goods, but also contribute greatly both to the cost of goods and to the cost of doing business. | | | Supporters of "protectionist" laws claim that keeping out foreign goods will save jobs, giving ailing domestic industries a chance to recover and prosper, and reduce the trade deficits. | | | Moreover, protectionist laws that reduce consumer spending power actually end up destroying jobs. |
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http://www.isil.org/resources/lit/free-trade-protectionism.html
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| | Protectionism Trade Tariffs Economic Policy Questia.com Online Library |
| | The Surprising Comeback of Protectionism in the Era of Globalizing Free Trade...Organizations NGOs, proposals for new forms of protectionism against the social and... | | | The Surprising Comeback of Protectionism in the Era of Globalizing Free Trade, in Journal of Economic Issues | | | But legislated protectionism does not provide policymakers with...DOMINANCE TO DECLINE 45 4 PROTECTIONISM AND DISINVESTMENT 64...economic dynamics of... |
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http://www.questia.com/library/economics-and-business/economics/international-trade/protectionism.jsp
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| | The New Protectionism? by Peter Mandelson - The Globalist > > Global Trade |
| | According to the WTO, consumers and governments in the developed world still spend $350 billion a year supporting agriculture alone. | | | On the other hand, people do not realize the costs of protectionism. | | | With seemingly unlimited pools of labor, China and India have shaken both the U.S. and European economies to the core. |
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http://www.theglobalist.com/DBWeb/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=4648
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| | danieldrezner.com :: Daniel W. Drezner :: The perils of creeping protectionism |
| | The continuing scandals regarding corporate governance and the blatant unfairness of market participants scamming small and mid-size investors and institutions are both counter-examples of the necessary equality of opportunity ideal necessary. | | | The costs of any new such protectionist initiatives, in the context of wide current account imbalances, could significantly erode the flexibility of the global economy. | | | Actually the Economist story refers to foreigners, not just Europeans, so it is possible that the net sale of American assets by foreigners reflects steps taken by Asian central banks more than anything else. |
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http://www.danieldrezner.com/archives/000899.html
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| | Resource Investor - Commentary - Protectionism May Hurt Dollar |
| | But rather than squarely blaming foreigners, it may be helpful to start by evaluating domestic policies that have contributed to creating unprecedented liabilities to U.S. consumers, have accelerated outsourcing and made the U.S. dependent on foreign capital. | | | If we tell our trading partners that their money is not welcome, they should be excused if they invest elsewhere. | | | ALO ALTO, Calif. (Merk Investments) -- Protectionism is on the rise in the U.S. — can we afford it? |
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http://www.resourceinvestor.com/pebble.asp?relid=17919
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| | Oliver Kamm: Trade campaigning and associated fallacies |
| | Concentrating on the bit we can all agree about is counterproductive, because the non-economic critics argue for balancing this by entrenching protectionism in the developing countries. | | | But the most damaging trade policies are those that arise from domestic distortions within the poor countries themselves, not the destructive protectionism practised by rich countries. | | | The experience over 40 years of economies such as Hong Kong and Singapore compared with economies pursuing import-substitution strategies (India, say) illustrates the marginal character of the issue of rich-world protectionism. |
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http://oliverkamm.typepad.com/blog/2003/09/trade_campaigni.html
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| | Comment is free: Defining protectionism down |
| | If it had been passed, this would have more or less guaranteed to foreign investors in any country that they would be able to carry out business in the same way in which they did in their own country. | | | Basically and historically, "protectionism" (and "mercantilism" and related terms) always used to refer to tariff policy, with respect to goods markets and trade between buyers and sellers. | | | Because capital markets "protectionism" is much less bad than the goods market type and might not even be bad at all. |
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http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/daniel_davies/2006/03/defining_protectionism_down.html
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| | Chief Executive, The: Protectionism in cyberspace - Competing Interests - Brief Article |
| | In a paper titled The Revenge of the Disintermediated, Atkinson illustrates how these companies have used government as a means of domestic protectionism at an estimated annual cost of $15 billion to consumers. | | | Moreover, Atkinson says, these businesses "are using all the judicial, regulatory and legislative means at their disposal to thwart competitors who would like to use the Net to sell a product or service." | | | Of course, most underage drinkers crave Budweiser or Corona and lack both the credit cards and the patience to purchase alcohol online. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4070/is_2002_July/ai_89394649
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| | Reason magazine -- July 1998 |
| | The French government even enforces a separate quota for prime-time shows to ensure that French programs are not shunted into the least favorable hours. | | | The world's leading trading nations negotiated widespread tariff reductions on goods and services, usually on a quid-pro-quo basis. | | | The real debate over cinematic protectionism revolves around who will determine which movies are financed: moviegoers or the state. |
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http://reason.com/9807/fe.cowen.shtml
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| | Finance & Development, September 2001 - Targeting Rich-Country Protectionism: Jubilee 2010 et al. |
| | Just contrast the splendid export performance of the East Asian economies that either embraced free trade (Hong Kong SAR and Singapore, for example) or offset the anti-export bias of their protectionist regimes with export subsidies (Republic of Korea) with the abysmal export performance of India for nearly forty years. | | | Receive emails when we post new items of interest to you. | | | But, taking the Jubilee 2000 movement (which called for debt relief for the poorest countries by the beginning of the year 2000) as an example, we also need to mobilize those parts of civil society that are in favor of, rather than against, protectionism. |
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http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/09/bhagwati.htm
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| | Linux News: Commentary : Congress and Protectionism: Outsourcing Your Job |
| | What is important is that most of the proposals being discussed have bipartisan support and outlaw the use of government dollars to support foreign jobs at the expense of American workers. | | | In the long run, free trade produces balanced budgets and better jobs while ensuring that authoritarian regimes like Communist China's come to an end. | | | From the long-run economic and military perspectives, this kind of reflex protectionism is counterproductive. |
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http://www.linuxinsider.com/perl/story/33147.html
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| | Tangled Threads of Protectionism – Part III |
| | Trade protectionism as a band-aid for job loss is ineffective; the ultimate solution, for governments, businesses, and individuals, is to innovate, educate, and adjust to new economic realities. | | | Retraining and innovation would help to save jobs better than a tariff wall | | | Entangled in jobs dispute: Protectionism will make Chinese textile workers losers, without bringing long-term gain to American workers |
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http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5698
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| | A 'New Protectionism' for Programmers and Others - Computerworld |
| | The cleanup and health care costs will be borne by the general public everywhere. | | | They're right about trade barriers, but we need protectionism -- of a kind appropriate to what's happening now. | | | The "New Protectionism" will safeguard the three P's: people, productivity and planet. |
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http://www.computerworld.com/careertopics/careers/story/0,10801,90698,00.html
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| | danieldrezner.com :: Daniel W. Drezner :: Protectionism never tasted so sour |
| | It is simply uncompetitive against foreign competitors unless the federal government stacks the deck, something that not only American consumers but more competitive American producers of other farm commodities pay the price for, since American ag protectionism is emulated by governments throughout the developed world. | | | There still will be plenty of IT-jobs around in the U.S.: the globalization of it-production and it-jobs will improve the diffusion of IT in the economy (lower prices) and thus U.S. economic performance, creating jobs. | | | Sugar producers, some of the largest of whom aren't even Americans, think they are entitled to all the help they can get. |
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http://www.danieldrezner.com/archives/000980.html
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| | Is Protectionism Racism? |
| | Even if Kerry-style (or Nader-style or Buchanan-style) protectionism could improve Americans’ well-being at the expense of foreigners, it would still be wrong.” | | | Now I do not know what parents pay to send their kids to the University of Rochester. | | | Declares Landsburg: “I hold this truth to be self-evident: It is just plain ugly to care more about total strangers in Detroit than about total strangers in Juarez. |
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http://amconmag.com/2005_04_11/buchanan.html
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| | BBC NEWS Business Greenspan warns on protectionism |
| | US Federal Reserve boss Alan Greenspan sees increased US trade protectionism and ever-larger budget deficits as the biggest threats to the US economy. | | | Mr Greenspan said both threatened the US economy's "most valued policy asset" - its flexibility. | | | Last Updated: Friday, 26 August 2005, 16:10 GMT 17:10 UK |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4188716.stm
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| | Daily News Record: HK sets aside $641,000 to fight US protectionism. (Hong Kong)@ HighBeam Research |
| | Daily News Record: HK sets aside $641,000 to fight US protectionism. | | | Read the rest of this Article with a Subscription or Article Pass | | | The colony's director of trade, Hamish Macleod, said a highlevel steering committee is also being formed to tackle the threat of protectionist legislation aimed at curbing imports of textiles and apparel. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:4715748&refid=holomed_1
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| | Wine Sellers and Protectionism [Mackinac Center for Public Policy] |
| | Wine Sellers and Protectionism [Mackinac Center for Public Policy] | | | Universal Tuition Tax Credits are the best way to advance school choice | | | In simple terms, the issue is whether a state can prohibit out-of-state wineries from shipping wine directly to its residents (a question the Mackinac Center first addressed in 2001). |
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http://www.mackinac.org/article.asp?ID=6934
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| | Greenspan Cautions Against Protectionism, Lax Fiscal Policy |
| | Washington -- Growing protectionism and reluctance by U.S. policy-makers to deal with large budget deficits are threatening the U.S. economy’s “extraordinary” resilience to shocks, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan says. | | | In August 26 remarks to a conference in Wyoming, Greenspan said that the accelerated productivity growth spurred by information technology and enhanced competition stemming from globalization have provided a basis for U.S. prosperity. |
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http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2005&m=August&x=20050826163146SAikceinawz0.9799311&t=ei/ei-latest.html
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| | Protectionism never helps Perspectives CNET News.com |
| | One typical method for implementing protectionism is to offer subsidies or tariff advantages to local companies such that they have an advantage vis-a-vis foreign competition. | | | Protectionism will slam the door on the most critical opportunities for start-ups. | | | America is interesting, but it's hardly where the action is. Start-ups are increasingly focusing on markets outside the United States--sometimes bypassing the United States and entering the market elsewhere. |
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http://news.com.com/2010-1022_3-5208178.html
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| | AEI - Short Publications |
| | The recent castigation of rich-country protectionism by the heads of international agencies and in the media, while welcome, is therefore little more than a reiteration of the obvious. | | | But unaccompanied by a simultaneous focus on the protectionism of the poor countries, it has led to an encouragement of a number of fallacies that pose a serious threat to the making of good trade policy in the poor countries. | | | That the rich countries have not fully dismantled their tariff barriers and that this hurts not only themselves but also the poorest among the poor countries (particularly in the case of labor-intensive industries) has been known, and the situation condemned by trade economists, for at least a quarter of a century. |
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http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.13356/pub_detail.asp
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| | BBC News BUSINESS Protectionism may 'hurt growth' |
| | Trade protectionism could hurt global growth and undermine economic reforms in developing countries, the world's top three economic organisations have warned. | | | "Any increase in protectionism by one country is damaging," the letter told member nations of the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). | | | The warning came in a letter signed by the leaders of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organisation (WTO) and sent to leaders of the world's major industrial nations, who were meeting in Paris. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/newsid_1991000/1991787.stm
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| | 'Creeping protectionism' a threat, Greenspan warns - The Washington Times: Business |
| | Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan warned yesterday that "creeping protectionism" in the United States and elsewhere threatens the world economy and will make it harder for the United States to finance its massive trade deficits. | | | His comments came as China announced it might impose tariffs on imports from the United States in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on steel imports that have been ruled illegal by the World Trade Organization. | | | The 15-nation European Union also is threatening to retaliate against the steel tariffs, while a dispute over more than $600 billion of agricultural subsidies in the European Union, United States and Japan led to the collapse of world-trade talks in September. |
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http://www.washtimes.com/business/20031120-101455-1983r.htm
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| | Bastiat: Selected Essays, Chapter 7, Protectionism and Communism: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | I affirm that I have made an arithmetical reckoning of the advantages and disadvantages of protectionism solely from the economic point of view, apart from every consideration of a higher order. | | | To make the state intervene, to give it the task of stabilizing profits and equalizing wealth by taking from some, without their consent, in order to give to others, without receiving anything in return on their part, to make the state responsible for achieving equality by means of plunder—this indeed is communism. | | | Because the organization that for ten years has been discussing the protectionist system has succeeded in throwing a clear light on the right to property and on the rational functions of the state. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/Bastiat/basEss7.html
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| | Protectionism |
| | There has been a marginal improvement in prices this year, but there is little hope of a full recovery. | | | In the mid-1970s, your country was selling over 100,000 tonnes of beef a year to the European Community. | | | Protectionism, therefore, has a strong ally in depressed farm incomes. |
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http://www.kc3.co.uk/~dt/protectionism.htm
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| | Protectionism, War, and the Southern Tradition by Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. |
| | It endorsed demand-side management and full-employment policies, which Courtney rightly regarded as code words for government planning. | | | Instead, after a reprieve in 1833, the central government engaged in more and more trade protectionism and centralized tyranny, which helped lead to war. | | | Governments can engage in protectionism in cahoots with other governments as in NAFTA or GATT; but, however it is achieved, protectionism constitutes intervention in the natural order of liberty. |
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http://www.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/protectionism.html
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| | Aaron Lukas on John Kerry & Election 2004 & Trade on National Review Online |
| | And the spectacle of Bush administration officials squirming over economic adviser Greg Mankiw's reference to the benefits of off-shoring jobs certainly didn't inspire confidence in the popularity of open markets. | | | Protectionism is simply not a responsible position for a major-party nominee for president of the United States. | | | And claims of a commitment to end the terrible cycle of poverty and instability in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East will ring hollow if they are not backed by a willingness to trade with developing nations. |
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http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/lukas200403100858.asp
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| | Protectionism between EU states may threaten industry survival |
| | During a keynote speech on 18 July, he also criticised the "unnecessary burdens" in the European defence equipment market which he said will lead to "inefficiencies in the defence-related industrial sector". | | | Protectionism between EU states may threaten industry survival | | | "Protectionism" between EU member states is damaging the competitiveness of Europe's defence industry and is threatening to impact on its long-term survival, the vice-president of the European Commission, Gunter Verheugen, has warned. |
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http://www.janes.com/defence/news/jdi/jdi050728_1_n.shtml
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| | Marginal Revolution: The evolution of protectionism |
| | This development underlies the steady shift in protectionism: from tariffs--the traditional way--to protection through rules, regulations and especially export subsidies. | | | It will put to a severe test the oligopoly of the central banks of the developed countries that now rules over... | | | Peter Drucker, who remains the "consultant's consultant" shows his form in his article The Evolution of Protectionism in National Interest, arguing that the United States is no longer the single dominant economy in a world where blocking imports no lon... |
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http://www.marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2005/03/the_evolution_o_1.html
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| | Protectionism would hamper growth: IMF |
| | Amid the outcry in the US over outsourcing of jobs, the International Monetary Fund has said the worldwide slide back to protectionism would harm prospects for economic growth in all countries and could undermine what has already been achieved. | | | Voicing its concern over recent anti-outsourcing protests, especially in countries like the US, IMF acting managing director Anne Krueger said, "It would be a setback nobody wants to contemplate." | | | Republication or redistribution of PTI content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent. |
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http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/apr/26bpo1.htm
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| | Dynamist Blog: Recession-Boosting Protectionism |
| | To retaliate against Canadian and Mexican producers for charging low prices, the U.S. government is imposing special taxes on construction, depressing production and reducing employment. | | | Each of these trends is exacerbated by protectionism directed at our closest neighbors: a 27 percent tariff on Canadian lumber, dating to May 2002 (thanks, Bushies), and a 40 percent tariff on Mexican cement, dating all the way back to 1990 (thanks, other Bushies). | | | Always bad policy, this protectionism is particularly stupid right now. |
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http://www.dynamist.com/weblog/archives/001258.html
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| | Tangled Threads of Protectionism – Part I |
| | In part one, Pietra Rivoli arrives at a surprising conclusion: Trade protectionism is not simply ineffective in protecting wealthy countries' textile industries; it is responsible for speeding their demise. | | | The development of the modern global textile supply chain – in the artificial quota-based market – illustrates how jobs in rich countries have steadily diminished despite being cushioned from the effects of surging Chinese imports. | | | With the possibility of a new round of US and EU quotas on Chinese imports, how will these measures fare? |
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http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5669
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| | Technorati Tag: protectionism |
| | Become a member to save searches in a Watchlist. | | | Technorati: protectionism, dairy states, milk, liberals, paleoconservatives Well folks, this is what happens when you have protectionists, like... | | | Research Protectionism at Questia Research and discover over 1,000,000 books, journals and articles covering over 6,000 research topics, continuously updated - a complete academic library. |
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http://www.technorati.com/tag/protectionism
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| | The Manila Times Internet Edition SPECIAL REPORT > Philippines rethinks WTO commitments |
| | A World Bank study disclosed that the $235 billion the rich nations spent to subsidize their farmers resulted in a $24-billion contraction in the income of farmers in poor nations last year." | | | tc "“The protectionism of the developed countries is manifested in the form of subsidies, which extremely prejudice the interest of Filipino farmers,” Serrano said. | | | “The protectionism of the developed countries is manifested in the form of subsidies, which extremely prejudice the interest of Filipino farmers,” Serrano said. |
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http://www.manilatimes.net/others/special/2003/sept/08/20030908spe1.html
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| | USATODAY.com - High price of protectionism |
| | A lower dollar forces U.S. consumers and businesses to pay higher prices for foreign goods ranging from pasta to petroleum. | | | For more than half a century, Republican and Democratic administrations have embraced free trade as a positive economic force. | | | The negative consequences of protectionism are well known. |
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http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2003-11-19-edit_x.htm
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| | Rajeev Srinivasan On Protectionism |
| | Of course, local consumers did not benefit, but then nobody worries too much about them. | | | These are clear barriers to entry: protectionism by subsidy. | | | On the other hand, the US government pays some farmers to let their fields lie fallow. |
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http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/feb/14rajeev.htm
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| | Search Results for "Protectionism" |
| | The political landscape was dominated by the National Party... | | | A euphemism: The Democrats' populism is a code word for bigger farm subsidies and protectionism (New Republic).... | | | Having been converted from protectionism to free trade, he issued in rapid succession a number of... |
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http://www.bartleby.com/cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Protectionism
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