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| | Tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Progressive taxes reduce the tax burden of people with smaller incomes, since they take a smaller percentage of their income. | | | When real estate is held by a higher government unit or some other entity not subject to taxation by the local government, the taxing authority may receive a payment in lieu of taxes to compensate it for some or all of the foregone tax revenue. | | | The alternative to ad valorem taxation is a fixed rate tax, where the tax base is the quantity of something, regardless of its price: for example, in the United Kingdom, a tax is collected on the sale of alcoholic drinks that is calculated by volume and beverage type rather than the price of the drink. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax
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| | Progressive tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A progressive tax, or graduated tax, is a tax that is larger as a | | | The opposite of a progressive tax is a regressive tax. | | | Thus, some argue against progressive taxation because they believe it shifts the total economic production of society away from capital investments (tools, infrastructure, training, research) and toward present consumption goods --this could happen because high-income earners tend to pay for capital goods (through investment activities) and low-income earners tend to purchase consumables. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_taxation
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| | LexisNexis(TM) Academic - Document |
| | Progressivity, then, is responsible for only a fraction of the efficiency costs associated with the income tax. | | | Under the progressive tax, the taxpayer must decide between a tax savings of $ 40 and a potential cost of $ 60; under the proportionate tax, the taxpayer must decide between a tax savings of $ 30 and a potential cost of $ 45. | | | A progressive tax may also be implemented by a combination of constant or declining marginal rates and cash transfers or "demogrants." n5 For example, all income might be taxed at a 30% rate, and all taxpayers might receive a $ 2,000 demogrant from the government. |
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http://www.elon.edu/justice/fire/bankmantax.htm
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| | Taxation and Redistribution |
| | Generally speaking and in terms of the progressive character of the two tax systems as a whole, it would seem that the contribution made by progression in the two countries is between 2.5 and 8.5 per cent of total revenue, or between 0.5 and 2 per cent of gross national income. | | | The net result would be a slight over-all progression in which, however, the marginal rate of taxation of the largest incomes could never exceed the rate at which incomes were taxed on the average by more than the amount of indirect taxation. | | | progressive throughout and that, through redistributive expenditure on subsidies and services, the income of the very lowest classes has been increased (so far as these things can be meaningfully measured: what can be shown is always only the cost and not the value of the services rendered) by as much as 22 per cent. |
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http://lamar.colostate.edu/~grjan/hayektaxation.html
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| | Taxes - dKosopedia |
| | Progressive means that people that have more income (or wealth) pay a higher percentage in taxes than people who are less well-to-do. | | | Most discussion of taxation involves the economic incentives and impacts that will come from changes in the tax code, but taxes are primarily levied to fund government programs, not to influence the economy. | | | It is equally accurate to say that progressive taxation tends to tax wealth, while regressive taxation tends to tax consumption. |
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http://www.dkosopedia.com/index.php/Taxes
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| | Caerdroia: Taxation |
| | The methods by which the government might raise revenue include taxation of the states; duties, imposts and excises; user fees; sale of goods and services; taxation of organizations; or direct taxation (that is to say, the taxation of individuals). | | | I have no doubt that good arguments can be made for and against each of these sources of revenue, on the basis of the amount of revenue raised, the fairness of the method, the intrusiveness of the method, and other factors. | | | The Federal government uses all of these sources of revenue except, I believe, for taxation of the states. |
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http://www.caerdroia.org/blog/archives/000207.html
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| | Redistribution |
| | Progressive taxation: Taxing wealthy individuals at higher rates, and the poor at low rates (possibly zero or negative) has a redistributive effect. | | | Public programs and policy measures intended for redistributive purposes include welfare programs, progressive taxation, and public education. | | | Public services, in theory, are equally available to all, so to charge the wealthy more for them, and the poor less, operates in the benefit of the poor. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/redistribution
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| | NewsLink, Summer 2003, BOOK REVIEW, Progressive Taxation as 'good manners'? Tax Equity: The Ongoing Debate from the ... |
| | Taxation of individuals “ought to contribute to the support of government, as nearly as possible, according to their respective abilities [ability to pay], that is in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state [benefit taxation]. | | | Besides, he says, “little would be gained, since liabilities under progressive rates need not be computed but are read off from readily available tax tables.” This is an artful dodge that sidesteps the efficiency argument and the deadweight losses associated with tax preparation. | | | As tough as it is to move the concept off the stage, equity considerations in tax policy have their limits. |
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http://www.beaconhill.org/NewsLink/NLV74/v7n4BookReviewTaxJustice.html
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| | Political Animal: Comment on Progressive Taxation |
| | Yes, a little progressiveness remains in the federal tax system (though adding excise and other taxes will show that it is even smaller than this) but the point is that the people who benefited the most from this society are in the best position to pay for these benefits. | | | Taxation is not a fee for a service. | | | The burden of (all) taxation should be apportioned so that whoever garners the most income also pays the most taxes and retains the most income after taxes. |
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http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=6434
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| | TAXATION |
| | If that is the case, the retreat post 1979 from graduated and differentiated income taxation may in part be responsible for the rise in gross income inequality and, a fortiori, for the even sharper rise in the shares in net income. | | | For some people it is self-evident that progressive income taxation was responsible for the decline in top income shares over the first three-quarters of the last century, and that the subsequent reversal was due to the tax cuts at the top of the scale. | | | Account has to be taken of the move to independent taxation of husbands and wives in 1990 (see Atkinson, 2004), but the share of the top 1% rose by 3 percentage points between 1978 and 1989 and by a further 3 percentage points between 1990 and 2000. |
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http://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/users/atkinson/TAXATION.htm
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| | Financing Social Development: Progressive Taxation and Globalization - Global Policy Forum - Social and Economic Policy |
| | Because the rich save more than the poor, a tax that includes income from capital in its base is more progressive (taxes the rich more heavily) than a tax that excludes income from capital (such as a consumption tax or a payroll tax). | | | Dr. Avi-Yonah noted that from its beginnings, the welfare state has been financed primarily by progressive income taxation (which differs from other forms of taxation such as consumption taxes, because it includes income from capital in the tax base even if it is saved and not consumed). | | | The second (by focusing on initial taxation in the location where sales are consumed) aims to bypass multinational companies’ use of tax haven-based intermediary affiliates established to escape taxation in production locations by way of transfer pricing -- since the large consumer markets are unlikely to be tax havens. |
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http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/glotax/currtax/ngls0007.htm
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| | "Progressive" Income Tax--Destructive Socialist Misnomer--Debate Handbook |
| | The traditional tax policy of the age of interventionism, its glorified devices of progressive taxation and lavish spending have been carried to a point at which their absurdity can no longer be concealed. | | | This not only effectively barred any Federal taxes on personal incomes, which whether assessed equally or not, as based on the percentage taken, could never be proportionate to the population at large. | | | The greater part of that portion of the higher incomes which is taxed away would have been used for the accumulation of additional capital. |
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http://pages.prodigy.net/krtq73aa/taxes.htm
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| | GENERAL WESLEY CLARK
NOT EXACTLY A HISTORIAN (General Wesley Clark is a COMMUNIST) |
| | The imposition of the first tax as a progressive tax is foundation in itself; the very first precedent. | | | In every country it is a herculean task to obtain a valuation of the land; in a country imperfectly settled and progressive in improvement, the difficulties are increased almost to impracticability. | | | In that common sense it means "progressive income tax rates staged by level of income". |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/930422/posts
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| | SSRN-Winner-Take-All Markets: Easing the Case for Progressive Taxation by Martin McMahon, Alice Abreu |
| | Work currently in progress will consider the implications of the shifts in the distribution of income for the definition of the tax base and, specifically, for the taxation of income from capital. | | | These changes in the distribution of income invite a re-examination of the arguments for progressive taxation, not because they strengthen the case for redistribution, but because they reflect a market in which progressive taxation is more efficient than proportional taxation. | | | Thus, we no longer have to choose between equity and efficiency because in a society with a winner take-all distribution of income, progressive taxation can give us both. |
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http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=103308
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| | TAP: |
| | Whatever else is wrong with the current income tax, it remains (mildly) progressive. | | | All the complexities of the tax code would be abolished and your tax return could fit on a postcard. | | | The timing is superb, what with recent disclosures about IRS bureaucrats abusing taxpayers. |
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http://www.prospect.org/columns/kuttner/bk971006.html
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| | Progressive Taxation Financial, finance dictionary, terms & glossary. |
| | Progressive Taxation Financial, finance dictionary, terms and glossary. | | | Characterizes a convex tax schedule that results in a higher effective tax rate on higher income levels. | | | Increases for some increases in income, but never decreases with an increase in income. |
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http://financial-dictionary.com/progressive_taxation.html
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| | EconPapers: Education Supply and Growth: the Role of Progressive Taxation |
| | Given an education supply, an increase in the progressivity of income taxation shortens the educational effort since the benefits to education are reduced relatively to its cost. | | | For sufficiently high degrees of tax progressivity, an overdevelopment of the education supply is thus harmful for long-run growth. | | | Abstract: This paper studies the theoretical effects of public policies on growth by stressing the major incidence of both the tax structure and the public education supply. |
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http://econpapers.hhs.se/paper/fthaixmeq/00a17.htm
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| | SSRN-Educating Ourselves Towards a Progressive (and Happier) Tax: A Commentary on Griffith's Progressive Taxation and ... |
| | By increasing the public's knowledge of progressive taxation, such a broad-based educational effort would transform many hostile taxpayers into supportive ones and thereby align their attitudes with their self-interest. | | | After explaining why much opposition would disappear if people better understood progressive taxation, the Commentary then affirmatively answers the second question by proposing a national tax literacy campaign involving the government, the media, and private industry. | | | Keywords: tax, taxation, progressive taxation, federal income tax, income, subjective well being, cognitive bias |
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http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=618602
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| | The Stakeholder:: The Quest to Kill Progressive Taxation |
| | The flat tax, which would replace the progressive system that assesses higher tax rates on those with higher incomes, is also under quiet GOP discussion. | | | Several conservative supporters of tax reform said a national sales tax, formally known as a valued-added tax, would be the ultimate goal in an overhaul of the tax system so taxes would be on consumption of goods and services more than savings. | | | When Congress's Joint Committee on Taxation scored the Linder proposal 4 years ago, it estimated that it would actually require a tax-inclusive rate of 36 percent, not 23 percent, to equal current federal revenues. |
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http://blog.dccc.org/mt/archives/000842.html
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| | Progressive Taxation Education Association/Progressive taxation PAC Democrats.com |
| | His plan is to tempt the young with stock investments (from SS money) and then tell them that they are the corporations that progressives are after. | | | We need to Inform the public that the stockmarket is a fraud and that public regional investment banks are a suitable alternative. | | | Now this is due in part to Bush being INSANELY non fiscally responsible, but it also due to a decade and a half of Right wing radio brainwashing. |
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http://blog.democrats.com/node/2597
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| | Nicholas Gruen argues for progressive taxation on 'status' or 'positional' goods. - On Line Opinion - 12/4/2005 |
| | You don’t have to believe in higher taxes overall to think that taxes should be progressive - with rates rising as a proportion of the value of what is taxed, whether it’s income, land or cars. | | | Redistributing income to the less well off helps meet their more urgent needs at the expense of the less urgent needs of the better off. | | | In fact despite greater emphasis on the “fair go” (or was it because of it?), Australian economic reform has actually accompanied faster economic growth than reform in New Zealand, the UK and America, which cut top tax rates much more than us and accentuated growing wage inequalities where we offset them. |
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http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=3329
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| | Progressive Taxation... Democrats.com |
| | Once you get above the level of the working poor, actual federal tax rates are virtually flat, ranging from 14% to 21%. | | | If someone could get the point across to them, the vast majority of Americans would probably be shocked to realize that the Republican party has slowly but surely dismanted the progressive tax system in this country. | | | Select your preferred way to display the comments and click "Save settings" to activate your changes. |
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http://www.democrats.com/node/4902
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| | Participation to Conferences and Seminars |
| | Eigth Annual Congress of the European Economic Association, Helsinki, 27-29 August 1993: ``Progressive taxation and inequality for populations of fixed sizes or does reranking really matter?'' (with A. Nizard). | | | The Distribution and Redistribution of Income Workshop #2, Bordeaux, 14-15 December 1996: ``Inequality, income taxation and equivalizing procedures'' (with U. Ebert), and ``Public goods, taxation and the inequality of utilities: The case of identical and quasi-linear preferences'' (with P. Gardères). | | | Eleventh Annual Congress of the European Economic Association, Toulouse, 31 August-2 September 1997: ``Consistent income taxation when households are heterogeneous'' (with U. Ebert). |
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http://moyes.u-bordeaux4.fr/meetings.html
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| | OlsonOnline: A return to progressive taxation |
| | Not only is it time to return to the " broad based income tax progressivity that prevailed in the decades following World War II", it's already beginning to happen at the state level. | | | According to data in the Common Dreams article, the numbers are on the progressive side, both for raising top income tax rates and for taxing corporate wealth : | | | Its income tax had 14 brackets from 2 to 15% with, from time to time as need dictated, 2.5% surtax. |
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http://joesschool.blogs.com/olsononline/2005/05/a_return_to_pro.html
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| | EconPapers: The Democratic Political Economy of Progressive Income Taxation |
| | Such equilibria exist in the two-dimensional model and in them, both parties propose progressive income taxation. | | | To give parties a choice over a domain which contains both progressive and regressive policies requires an issue space that is at least two-dimensional. | | | The Democratic Political Economy of Progressive Income Taxation |
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http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/kudkuiedp/9703.htm
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| | remembering rebecca: 12.02 |
| | But I want to know what percentage of income that top 5% brings in: because if it's 56% of the income, I'd say that requiring 56% of the income tax would be perfectly fair by anyone's standard. | | | The top 5 percent of the nation's taxpayers paid 41 percent of all federal taxes, according to the Joint Committee on Taxation. | | | As part of its tax simplification initiative, the Bush administration would like to tax the poor, more. |
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http://www.rebeccablood.com/archive/2002/12.html
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| | EconPapers: Progressive Taxation, Moral Hazard, and Entrepreneurship |
| | Abstract: This paper considers the general equilibrium and welfare effects of a linear progressive income tax with entrepreneurship and moral hazard. | | | A competitive intermediation sector diversifies risk associated with entrepreneurial activity, but full risk consolidation is prevented by moral hazard. | | | We find that a nonredistributive tax is neutral. |
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http://netec.wustl.edu/WoPEc/data/Articles/blajpbectv:6:y:2004:i:3:p:471-490.html
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| | Progressive Taxation |
| | Sure, things are always more complicated, but you can't factor in everything in economics, and anyway, as a "general rule" or "trend in taxation revenue" (my words, quoted to be clear) it is certainly valid, and probably pertinent to what we are discussing here. | | | The part of my post that you chose not to quote tackled the point about the ineffectiveness of the way in which the goverment spends our tax i.e. | | | This would be an enourmous social improvement; to have popular engagement with these important debates. |
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http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/t51460-5.html
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| | Guardian Unlimited Guardian daily comment The problem for Gordon |
| | People are intelligent enough to recognise that you can only have a choice of provider if there is surplus provision, which is wasteful when it comes to expensive public services. | | | What's more, in offering free long-term care, a decent basic state pension (with complicated means testing rolled back) and free higher education paid for by progressive taxation, the Lib Dems are tapping into core Labour values. | | | Such values reject PFI schemes involving private companies making profits at taxpayers' expense on 30-year contracts. |
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,1478509,00.html
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| | On the Popular Support for Progressive Taxation |
| | Our main results provide conditions under which a Strong Nash Equilibrium exists, and a tax schedule with increasing marginal tax rates is implemented in some Nash Equilibria and in any Strong Nash Equilibrium. | | | Representative Democracy and Marginal Rate Increasing Income Taxation |
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http://economics.huji.ac.il/facultye/klor/Representative%20Democracy%20and%20Marginal%20Rate%20Increasing%20Income%20Taxation.htm
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| | Employment Effects of Progressive Taxation in a Unionised Economy (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath |
| | It is shown that the relation of interest depends on the initial level of taxation and on the labour tax parameter allowed to vary (marginalaverage, personal income-payroll taxes). | | | One of the main arguments against a public...nance solution to unemployment is that, at least in the long run, the tax burden is passed onto labour. | | | This paper presents a general equilibrium model on the relation among tax progressivity, wage setting and employment where changes in labour taxation aect the labour market equilibrium. |
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http://smealsearch.psu.edu/4945.html
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| | OpenP2P.com: Piracy is Progressive Taxation, and Other Thoughts on the Evolution of Online Distribution |
| | Piracy is a kind of progressive taxation, which may shave a few percentage points off the sales of well-known artists (and I say "may" because even that point is not proven), in exchange for massive benefits to the far greater number for whom exposure may lead to increased revenues. | | | Our current distribution systems for books, music, and movies are skewed heavily in favor of the "haves" against the "have nots." A few high-profile products receive the bulk of the promotional budget and are distributed in large quantities; the majority depend, in the words of Tennessee Williams' character Blanche DuBois, "on the kindness of strangers." | | | For all of these creative artists, most laboring in obscurity, being well-enough known to be pirated would be a crowning achievement. |
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http://www.openp2p.com/lpt/a/3015
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| | FRB: FEDS paper 2002-3 |
| | These models generally imply: (1) that economic growth must fall with the share of government expenditures in output across countries, and (2) that one-time shifts in marginal tax rates should instantaneously lead to similar shifts in output growth. | | | In particular, economic growth does not have to fall, and may even increase, with the share of government expenditures in output across countries. | | | In contrast, we show that allowing for heterogenous households and progressive taxes into otherwise conventional linear growth models radically changes these predictions. |
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http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2002/200203/200203abs.html
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| | On the Popular Support for Progressive Taxation |
| | Most notably, it is shown that a majority of poor voters does not imply progressive taxation in a more general policy space and that a regressive tax schedule may obtain a majority over a progressive one when individuals' income is endogenous. | | | In addition, it assumes an overly restrictive domain of tax schedules and no incentive effects of income taxation. | | | " Multidimensional income taxation and electoral competition: an equilibrium analysis," Departmental Working Papers 200407, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. |
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http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jpbect/v5y2003i4p593-604.html
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| | Progressive Democrats: Taxation Summary |
| | The Progressive Democrats have pledged to achieve these tax reforms over one five-year term in Government. | | | It merely requires keeping growth in public spending in line with inflation. | | | Last update to this page was on Tuesday 7 October 1997 |
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http://www.iol.ie/pd/policy/taxation.html
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| | TaxProf Blog: New Web Site on Progressive Taxation |
| | Taxwidom.org's mission is to educate the public regarding the ultimate wisdom of the Progressive income tax. | | | » DUBIOUS 'TAX WISDOM' from Roth & Company, P.C. The TaxProf Blog notes a web page in homage to the progressive income tax, 'Tax Wisdom.org'. | | | For an interesting new web site by James J. Kroeger committed to defending the progressive income tax, see taxwisdom.org. |
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http://taxprof.typepad.com/taxprof_blog/2004/11/new_web_site_on.html
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| | Funding of Government Through Progressive Taxation |
| | Washington needs a tax structure that allows its people to maintain quality of life and allow its businesses to thrive. | | | We can, however, develop a system of taxes that works best for the most people. | | | The best approach is to have a wide base of taxation with low rates. |
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http://www.lwvwa.org/snohomish/Government/revenue.html
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| | Freedom Digest - Rachel Lucas on Progressive Taxation |
| | Remember, the country was founded in 1776, which was, ah-hem, 137 years before the creation of a progressive income tax. | | | The United States, on the other hand, didn't have a progressive income tax until the 16th Amendment was passed in 1913. | | | In fact, the U.S. Supreme Court had declared such a tax unconstitutional in 1894 (which didn't stick, unfortunately). |
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http://www.theinternetparty.org/commentary/c_s.php?section_type=com&td=20030619000108
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| | Progressive Taxation and the Inequality of After-Tax Income |
| | Progressive Taxation and the Inequality of After-Tax Income | | | Richard Roll and Stephen A. Ross, "Progressive Taxation and the Inequality of After-Tax Income" (May 1, 1980). | | | Download the Paper (979 K, PDF file) - May 1, 1980 |
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http://repositories.cdlib.org/anderson/fin/5-80
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| | The Stakeholder:: Killing Progressive Taxation |
| | And the transition costs would be murderous, not only for us but for many other businesses. | | | The VAT as outlined in DeLay's plans is an inherantly unfair form of taxation. |
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http://blog.dccc.org/mt/archives/000751.html
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| | [DMCA_Discuss] Piracy is Progressive Taxation, and Other Thoughts on the Evolution of Online Distribution |
| | Piracy is a kind of progressive taxation, which may shave a few percentage points off the sales of well-known artists (and I say "may" because even that point is not proven), in exchange for massive benefits to the far greater number for whom exposure may lead to increased revenues. | | | Lesson 2: Piracy is progressive taxation For all of these creative artists, most laboring in obscurity, being well-enough known to be pirated would be a crowning achievement. | | | http://www.openp2p.com/pub/a/p2p/2002/12/11/piracy.html Piracy is Progressive Taxation, and Other Thoughts on the Evolution of Online Distribution by Tim O'Reilly 12/11/2002... |
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http://lists.anti-dmca.org/pipermail/dmca_discuss/2002-December/004125.html
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| | Life After York: Lay off the rich. We'd be screwed without them. |
| | And the system is "progressive", meaning they pay more than their share without getting anything extra in return. | | | We shouldn't attack these people, we should build shrines to them for paying the taxes that subsidize the bus routes they never take. | | | Goodness knows they paid for half our roads, half our schools, half our teachers, half our streetlights, half our police officers, half our universities, half our hospital beds and half our infrastructure. |
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http://thetruthaboutyork.blogspot.com/2005/04/lay-off-rich-wed-be-screwed-without.html
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| | Tom Paine |
| | Paine suggested that all men over twenty-one in Britain should be given the vote and this would result in a House of Commons willing to pass laws favourable to the majority. | | | The British government was outraged by Paine's book and it was immediately banned. | | | The book also recommended progressive taxation, family allowances, old age pensions, maternity grants and the abolition of the House of Lords. |
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http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpaine.htm
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| | Minority Report: What Progressive Taxation? |
| | Their conclusion is that the tax cuts have harmed the poorest in our society and the facts bear some paying attention to: | | | There's more from the Detroit News - apparently, they've done a special report based on a six-month investigation of the impact of Bush's taxation policy on the working poor. | | | Go read the whole thing and then tell me you're voting for Bush. |
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http://angrydesi.typepad.com/minority_report/2004/09/what_progressiv.html
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| | Encyclopedia: Robert M. La Follette, Sr. |
| | While Governor, he championed numerous progressive reforms, including the first workers' compensation system, railroad rate reform, direct election of Senators and progressive taxation. | | | He also ran for President of the United States as the Progressive Party candidate in the 1924 elections. | | | The United States Progressive Party refers to three distinct political parties in 20th-century United States politics. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Robert-M.-La-Follette,-Sr.
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| | Learn more about Public policy in the online encyclopedia. |
| | When public policy and large financial or other stakes are in the balance, vested interests will often resort to ' junk science ' to support their positions. | | | At the same time, much basic reasearch may not produce products that can be sold, and thus might never be supported by business. | | | Many poor people are poor not because they don't work hard, but because they plan poorly. |
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http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/p/pu/public_policy.html
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| | Progressive taxation and wage setting: Some eviden... |
| | Finally, there is no significant effect of tax progressivity on the wages of low-income earners. | | | Our main conclusions are that income-tax progression affects wage setting, but whether it moderates or exaggerates wage pressure is income dependent, An increase in progressivity reduces the pre-tax earnings of middle-income workers (manual mate workers and moderate income carriers among both male and female non-manual workers). | | | The proposition that a progressive tax system contributes to wage moderation is studied using Danish earnings data disaggregated by occupation, gender and earnings level. |
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http://db.socionet.nw.ru/RuPEc/xml/rus/article-gpccec/rusgpccec78004.xml
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