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| | Progressive tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The opposite of a progressive tax is a regressive tax. | | | A progressive tax, or graduated tax, is a tax that is as larger as a percentage of income for those with larger incomes. | | | High progressive taxes may encourage emigration because taxes are not internationally harmonized, so very high earners are sometimes able to relocate in order to pay less tax, or find tax havens for their income. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_taxation
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| | Progressive Taxes, by Joel B. Slemrod: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | A progressive tax structure is one in which an individual or family's tax liability as a fraction of income rises with income. | | | If, for example, taxes for a family with an income of $20,000 are 20 percent of income and taxes for a family with an income of $200,000 are 30 percent of income, then the tax structure over that range of incomes is progressive. | | | Because interest from state and local government bonds was tax exempt before 1986 and still is, the tax burden for the well-to-do who hold these bonds was, and is, understated. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/ProgressiveTaxes.html
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| | IRS Glossary |
| | Income taxes can be levied on both individuals (personal income taxes) and businesses (business and corporate income taxes). | | | Taxpayers meet (or pay) their federal income tax liability through withholding, estimated tax payments, and payments made with the tax forms they file with the government. | | | A tax that cannot be shifted to others, such as the federal income tax. |
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http://www.irs.gov/app/understandingTaxes/jsp/s_tools_glossary.jsp
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| | Report :: New Jersey's Income Tax: How Progressive? by John W. Zerillo |
| | Progressive taxes, particularly at the state level, can also partially mitigate the burden of sales and property taxes that are "regressive," which means the lower someone's income is, the higher percentage of that income they pay in the form of those taxes. | | | Secondly, the average tax burden for these states at the $100,000 income level is $4,551, significantly higher than the average of neighboring states, states with less progressive tax structures, and national averages. | | | Progressive income taxes are considered equitable by the two important measures of the concept: vertical and horizontal. |
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http://www.njpp.org/zerillo.html
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| | progressive tax |
| | Tax such that the higher the income of the taxpayer the greater the proportion or percentage paid in that tax. | | | Examples of progressive taxes in the UK include income tax and capital gains tax. | | | This contrasts with regressive taxes where the proportion paid falls as income increases, and proportional taxes where the proportion paid remains the same at all levels of income. |
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http://bun.worldonline.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0038144.html
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| | Facts about Taxes |
| | A regressive tax is the opposite of a progressive tax. | | | For example, in a progressive tax system, a family with $200,000 in income might pay 25% of their income in taxes while a family with $50,000 in income might pay 20% of their income in taxes. | | | However, payroll taxes are very regressive, and most state and local taxes are also regressive. |
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http://www.osjspm.org/101_taxes.htm
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| | TomPaine.com - Progressive Tax Reform |
| | Tax expenditures—a fancy word for corporate and wealthy subsidies given by tax breaks—were calculated by the Joint Committee on Taxation to be $873 billion in 2002. | | | So today, TomPaine.com has two articles looking at tax reform from different progressive perspectives. Max Sawicky gives us a great reality check on just who is paying how much, and what conservative notions of tax reform would do to our national fiscal health. | | | If they have their way, all taxes will be on wages and our government will be bankrupt. |
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http://www.tompaine.com/articles/20050415/progressive_tax_reform.php
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| | To Trump Bush on Taxes (washingtonpost.com) |
| | The plan shifts taxes away from the regressive payroll tax by eliminating the 6.2 percent that employees pay on their wages. | | | By reducing payroll taxes and restructuring the income tax we are able to provide lower taxes for the poor and the middle class, who are disproportionately affected by the payroll tax, while still raising enough revenue to meet our vital commitments to domestic and international priorities and to enhance retirement security. | | | We ended up with a tax bill that produced exploding deficits, protected the special interests, undid the progressivity of the tax code, and laid more of the burden on wage earners and less on those with investment income. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A35349-2005Mar14.html
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| | LAURENCE S. SEIDMAN'S USA TAX: A PROGRESSIVE CONSUMPTION TAX |
| | The total tax burden would be the same, the distribution of that burden across the different income classes (or consumption classes) would be about the same, and the computation of the tax liability for each individual and for each firm would be complex—though maybe not as complex as it currently is. | | | Although the transition from an income tax to a consumption tax would involve radical change, the proposed tax system would be the same as the existing one in several important respects. | | | Opponents of the current tax system who base their criticism on the tenets of classical liberalism will be equally critical, if not more so, of the USA Tax. |
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http://www.auburn.edu/~garriro/r23seidman.htm
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| | A Tax Plan for Kerry (washingtonpost.com) |
| | While income taxes have been cut many times in recent decades, payroll taxes have risen steadily: from a tenth of the federal budget in the 1950s to over a third today. | | | More recently he proposed a temporary income tax credit to offset the cost of payroll taxes incurred by businesses for hiring new workers. | | | Traditional types of consumption taxes such as sales taxes or the "flat tax," however, are extremely regressive and therefore would be no improvement over the payroll tax on that front. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50667-2004May23.html
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| | The USA Tax - The MIT Press |
| | The USA tax has two components--the household tax, which replaces the current household income tax, and the business tax, which replaces the corporate income tax. | | | Seidman describes the ideals on which the USA tax is founded: the household component is based on the progressive personal consumption tax, and the business component is based on the consumption-type value-added tax (VAT). | | | The USA (unlimited savings allowance) tax is a progressive consumption tax that differs fundamentally from our current tax structure in that it taxes consumption rather than income. |
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http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item?sid=6E9C7E28-CBCD-4F85-A818-B252B831D6B0&ttype=2&tid=6126
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| | Economist's View: Progressive Tax Reform Democrats Can Support? |
| | Given that the status quo with respect to tax burdens, shifting income distributions, and other changes is not acceptable to Democrats, and that the GOP reform proposals are not acceptable either, serious consideration should be given to a counter tax reform proposal that embodies principles of equity Democrats wish to promote. | | | The tax reform issue is about to heat up – when congress reconvenes in September tax reform will be at or near the top of the administration’s agenda and, given the outcome of Social Security reform efforts to date, we can expect this to be undertaken with an eye towards success at most any cost. | | | Indeed, because a progressive consumption tax exempts income from taxation until it is spent, the tax would shift incentives in favor of savings and investment. |
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http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2005/08/progressive_tax.html
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| | OVERHAULING OHIO'S PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAX |
| | Progressivity increases the volatility of Ohio's income tax revenue. | | | Progressive tax isn't the problem, the tax code is. And the fact it is always ten years behind society's financial condition with no remedy for lagging behind. | | | Its highly progressive tax system slows economic growth, say economists, because each dollar of additional income is taxed at higher marginal rate, discouraging additional work and investment. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/897406/posts
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| | TAP: Vol 11, Iss. 19. The Taxonomist. Robert S. McIntyre. |
| | If we add the payroll tax changes in 1990 and 1993, which lifted the wage cap on Medicare taxes, we find that, on average, combined income and payroll taxes are down for every group except the best-off 5 percent. | | | Compared to what would have happened if the 1990 income tax code had simply been adjusted for inflation, federal income taxes are actually lower today for every income group except the top 1 percent. | | | In other words, despite the lamentable upper-income loopholes adopted in 1997 (in particular for capital gains), federal income and payroll taxes are noticeably more progressive today than they were at the start of the 1990s. |
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http://www.prospect.org/print/V11/19/devil5.html
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| | Testimony for the President's Tax Reform Panel - Center for American Progress |
| | As a result of the tax code changes championed by President Bush during his first term, middle-income workers today can easily find themselves paying a tax rate on their wages that is double the 15 percent rate that millionaires pay on their investment income. | | | Now add to that the payroll tax of 6.2 percent for Social Security and 1.45 percent for Medicare. | | | Unlike many of the right-wing reforms—such as some versions of the flat tax, the value added tax (VAT), or a national sales tax—our plan maintains the current deductibility of charitable giving, home mortgage interest, state tax deductibility, and other deductions in their current form. |
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http://www.americanprogress.org/site/pp.asp?c=biJRJ8OVF&b=681323
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| | OpinionJournal - Featured Article |
| | For example, take a tax credit that is subtracted directly from tax liabilities so that a decrease in the credit generates an identical increase in tax liability. | | | Each new dollar of income is taxed away by the de jure marginal rate and then taxed again by reduction of credits, exemptions and deductions embodied in the phaseouts. | | | All these targeted taxes come with phaseouts; that is, as income grows, these various credits, exemptions and deductions evanesce. |
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http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=85000551
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| | EDUCATING OURSELVES TOWARDS A PROGRESSIVE (AND HAPPIER) TAX: A COMMENTARY ON GRIFFITH'S PROGRESSIVE TAXATION AND ... |
| | Progressive taxation is the norm, not just in the income tax but also in estate and gift taxes. | | | Schools can improve tax literacy by requiring their social studies, economics, and civics curricula to contain more material about taxation—not just the economics of taxation, but also the relationship between taxation and democracy and between revenue collection and the provision of government services that people want. | | | For individuals, education can make many taxpayers aware that a progressive tax is in their real self-interest because, in the end, it will increase their utility. |
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http://www.bc.edu/schools/law/lawreviews/meta-elements/journals/bclawr/45_5/13_TXT.htm
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| | The Claremont Institute: Regressive Thoughts on a Progressive Tax |
| | Direct taxes, such as "capitation" or "head" taxes had be apportioned among the states according to their population. | | | For the bottom half of tax filers who receive hundreds of billions of dollars in government benefits but pay essentially no income taxes, political debate about taxation has little personal meaning except insofar as they may aspire to earn higher incomes in the future. | | | In other words, the top 10 percent of tax filers were responsible for two of every three dollars paid in income taxes in 1999, while the bottom half of all those who file tax returns paid essentially no income taxes. |
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http://www.claremont.org/writings/precepts/20020415hinderaker_johnson.html
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| | A Plan for Progressive Tax Reform in Alabama: ITEP Analysis |
| | Because the lower-income taxpayers who receive net tax cuts under this plan are unlikely to itemize deductions on their federal tax returns, they, as a group, see only a very small increase in their federal taxes because of lost deductions for state taxes paid. | | | All Alabama income tax filers are allowed to deduct from taxable income the full amount of federal income taxes paid during a given tax year. | | | Because state income taxes can be deducted by taxpayers itemizing deductions on their federal tax returns, any increase in Alabama income taxes paid results in a decrease in federal income taxes paid by Alabama residents. |
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http://www.ctj.org/html/arise.htm
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| | Progressive Consumption Tax TPMCafe |
| | with an income tax, taxpayers begin by computing their total taxable income, then subtract allowable deductions, then figure their tax, then deduct any allowable credits. | | | The progressive consumption tax was a favorite of my tax law professor in the 1970s. | | | The difference, in principle, between a tax on income and a tax on consumption is that: |
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http://www.tpmcafe.com/story/2005/6/29/143448/159
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| | SSRN-Replacing the Income Tax With a Progressive Consumption Tax by Daniel Shaviro |
| | A consumption tax affects the purchasing power even of unspent wealth, and the burden it imposes generally is not reduced by deferring one's consumption. | | | However, the capacity of a consumption tax to achieve progressivity comparable to that of an income tax is widely misunderstood, for two main reasons. | | | A consumption tax can use either method, but an income tax is practically compelled to use the origin basis. |
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http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=444221
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| | Brad DeLong's Semi-Daily Journal: Duncan Black Tries to Teach Economics to the Wall Street Journal |
| | Lower income households nonetheless pay payroll taxes and sales taxes, while higher income households are increasingly able to use important deducations, have a cap on payroll taxes, are able to rely increasingly on dividends and capital gains capped at a 15% level, and on... | | | Find your tax due, compare it to taxes paid, and if you owe more than was already withheld or paid via estimated tax payments, send in a check for the difference. | | | [A] tax system is 'more progressive' if taxpayers pay a progressively larger share of their incomes in taxes as these incomes go up... |
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http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2005/04/duncan_black_tr.html
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| | [E] - Back to Basics : The Income Tax's Progressive Roots (by Jonathan Rowe) |
| | If Congress kept the income tax for higher incomes and shifted part of the rest to polluting natural resources, the result would be the kind of system that early advocates of the income tax intended. | | | One argument against a tax shift is that the change would violate the spirit of the progressive income tax. | | | Along with an estate tax and a levy on munition makers, it aimed squarely at the highest incomes, and at corporate profits derived from land and natural resources. |
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http://www.emagazine.com/march-april_1999/0399feat1sb2.html
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| | WorldNetDaily: The 'progressive' income tax |
| | He's not proposing eliminating the unconstitutional income tax. | | | The idea of the "progressive" tax is socialism, pure and simple. | | | He's not proposing scrapping the tax code entirely, as the Republicans promised in the 1994 victory that handed them control of the Congress. |
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http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=15040
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| | Tennesseans for Fair Taxation home page |
| | By creating a modern tax system that asks everyone to pay their fair share, progressive state tax reform will lower taxes for most Tennesseans while raising hundreds of millions to invest in key public services. | | | Tennessee’s high sales tax costs the state tens-of-thousands of jobs. | | | In addition to the so-called Taxpayer Bill of Rights or TABOR, legislators made an attempt to constitutionally prohibit a state income tax, making any effort at balanced tax reform virtually impossible. |
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http://www.yourtax.org
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| | Bruce Bartlett on the flat tax and politics on NRO |
| | Edwards: Busting the State Tax Boom 02/01 9:08 a.m. | | | The immediate cause for renewed interest in the flat tax is an order by Paul Bremer, administrator of the Iraqi Provisional Authority, establishing a 15 percent flat-rate tax in that country. | | | Estonia established a flat tax in 1994, Latvia in 1995, and Russia in 2001. |
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http://www.nationalreview.com/nrof_bartlett/bartlett200311100918.asp
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| | SSRN-The Progressive Consumption Tax Revisited by Steven Bank |
| | Consumption tax supporters were offended by the progressive rate structure while income tax supporters did not want to adopt what they perceived to be a move from an ability to pay base to a necessity to consume base. | | | By exempting savings and investment from the income tax base, while subjecting spending to a progressive rate tax, McCaffery's proposal appears to be the perfect compromise. | | | This Review examines three previous attempts to introduce a progressive consumption tax - in 1921, 1942, and 1995 - and discusses why they failed to satisfy both sales tax and progressive income tax proponents. |
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http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=515502
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| | The Progressive Tax Revolt–and the Possibility of a Progressive Ownership Society |
| | First, the draconian Bush tax cuts have led to equally draconian federal spending cuts. | | | Variations on this theme might use other taxes aimed at those at the top to fund both state and federal trusts—and then invest in a wide range of increasingly popular and increasingly sophisticated community benefiting strategies. | | | New Jersey has enacted legislation taxing those making more than $500,000—and uses the money to offset regressive property taxes. |
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http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0510-27.htm
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| | General Wesley Clark for President - Official Campaign Web Site |
| | Wes Clark's Families First Tax Reform is a major tax simplification proposal that will restore progressivity to the tax code, relieve the working-family squeeze and reduce poverty. | | | Under Wes Clark's Families First Tax Reform, a family of four making up to $50,000 would pay no federal income taxes, and all taxpaying families with children making up to $100,000 would get a tax cut. | | | Contributions and gifts made to Clark for President are not deductible for federal income tax purposes. |
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http://clark04.com/issues/familiesfirst/summary
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| | MSN Money - Progressive Tax Glossary Definition: Taxes |
| | The U.S. federal income tax system is based on the progressive tax, with rates starting at 15 percent and rising to 39.6 percent for higher-income taxpayers. | | | A tax that uses higher rates at higher income levels. | | | MSN Money - Progressive Tax Glossary Definition: Taxes |
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http://moneycentral.msn.com/taxes/glossary/glossary.asp?TermID=262
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| | progressive tax Definition |
| | A tax system in which those who earn higher incomes pay a higher percentage of their income than those with lower incomes. | | | Describes often used tax return terminology and processes, including electronic filing, estimated payments, withholding, and alternate minimum tax (AMT). | | | Let WiserAdvisor help you find a top tax planner who can help you minimize your tax liabilities. |
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http://www.investorwords.com/3892/progressive_tax.html
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| | The Skeptical Optimist: The Flat Tax is Progressive |
| | However, there is one aspect of the Flat Tax debate that can be (and needs to be) clarified: It’s not a question about a tax system that’s progressive versus one that’s not progressive. | | | The effective rate is a curve, not a straight line—and that is the definition of “progressive.” The rich not only pay more dollars, but they also pay higher percentages. | | | Note that, in every case, anyone with a higher income pays a higher effective tax rate than anyone lower on the income scale. |
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http://www.optimist123.com/optimist/2005/04/the_flat_tax_is.html
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| | Progressive Policy Institute: Economic & Fiscal Policy |
| | Americans deserve a tax code that reflects their values and aspirations. | | | Congress should enact tax reform that provides relief to all Americans; makes the code more rational; rewards work, family, and responsibility; and promotes upward mobility. | | | Plus: Paul Weinstein's testimony before the President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform. |
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http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ka.cfm?knlgAreaID=125
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| | Progressive Tax |
| | A tax that takes a larger percentage from the income of high-income people than it does from low-income people. | | | Please let us know how we can improve. |
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http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/progressivetax.asp
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| | Democratic Leadership Council |
| | Even with the kind of dishonest accounting the administration is once again relying upon, the numbers just don't add up. | | | The new issue of Blueprint magazine focuses on what could be the big political story of 2006: Democratic governors, who are likely to augment their ranks in November, are succeeding, even in the reddest of red states. | | | We cannot afford to simultaneously fight and win the war on terror, meet the country's basic domestic needs, and permanently relieve the wealthiest Americans of a significant share of the national tax burden. |
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http://www.dlc.org
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| | Progressive Policy Institute: Defining the Third Way |
| | With signs that congressional Republicans plan to campaign this year-once again- on calls for tax cuts, two Democratic members of Congress think it's time for their party to take up the cause of tax reform. | | | In order to bring the Doha Round to a successful completion, the time has come for rich nations to reform their agricultural subsidies programs. | | | The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI) hosted a forum on Thursday, February 9, to discuss the obstacles that are preventing patients, doctors, and providers from reducing costs and increasing quality by deploying information technologies. |
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http://www.ppionline.org
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