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| | Price discrimination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | One can show that in the optimum the price, as it varies by customer, is inversely proportional to one minus the reciprocal of the price elasticity of that customer at that price. | | | Price discrimination requires market segmentation and some means to discourage discount customers from becoming resellers and, by extension, competitors. | | | Price discrimination also occurs when it costs more to supply one customer than it does another, and yet the supplier charges both the same price. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_discrimination
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| | Pricing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Pricing is the manual or automatic process of applying prices to purchase and sales orders, based on factors such as: a fixed amount, quantity break, promotion or sales campaign, specific vendor quote, price prevailing on entry, shipment or invoice date, combination of multiple orders or lines, and many others. | | | These include : price skimming, price discrimination and yield management, price points, psychological pricing, bundle pricing, penetration pricing, price lining, and premium pricing. | | | The effective price is the price the company receives after accounting for discounts, promotions, and other incentives. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricing
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| | Price discrimination |
| | However, price discriminations generally are lawful, particularly if they reflect the different costs of dealing with different buyers or result from a seller’s attempts to meet a competitor& prices or services. | | | Price discrimination also might be used as a predatory pricing tactic -- setting prices below cost to certain customers -- to harm competition at the supplier’s level. | | | Antitrust authorities use the same standards applied to predatory pricing claims under the Sherman Act and the FTC Act to evaluate allegations of price discrimination used for this purpose. |
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http://www.ftc.gov/bc/compguide/discrim.htm
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| | Price Discrimination |
| | Price discrimination is founded on a firm's ability to distinguish amongst buyers, based on their varying demand characteristics for a particular product. | | | Clear-the-stock: clearance sale prices are charged on certain items when inventories need to be reduced, with the hope that these lower prices will induce purchases by customers with tight budgets. | | | Discussions of firm pricing behavior often assume that a firm will charge the same price to all consumers. |
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http://louisville.edu/~bmhawo01/econpage/442/handouts/PriceDisc/pdisc.html
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| | FindLaw Professionals: Executive Summary Of The Antitrust Laws |
| | As a general rule, price means actual price paid by the purchaser. | | | For purposes of the Robinson-Patman Act, price discrimination means a difference in the price actually charged a purchaser. | | | A wholesaler who buys at a lower price does not compete with a retail customer of the same seller, even though a price discrimination is present. |
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http://profs.lp.findlaw.com/antitrust/antitrust_7.html
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| | Price Discrimination |
| | The second type of price discrimination involves the establishment of a pricing structure for a particular good based on the number of units sold. | | | In this case the seller charges a higher per-unit price for fewer units sold and a lower per-unit price for larger quantities purchased. | | | Thus a firm engaging in first degree price discrimination is attempting to extract all the consumers surplus from its customers as profits. |
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http://www.digitaleconomist.com/pd_4010.html
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| | VenChar: Product crimping and price discrimination |
| | Price discrimination is the practice of charging different customers different prices for the same good. | | | Togethersoft (and Rational) had established a pricing umbrella and were unwilling to risk commoditizing their product and cannabilizing the high value market segment. | | | In addition to providing a justification for the price differential, this strategy also prevents arbitrage that might erode the gains from price discrimination in the first place. |
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http://www.venchar.com/2003/12/product_crimpin.html
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| | Teaching Business & Economics: Price discrimination - are we being exploited? |
| | Price discrimination, then, takes place only when the price differences are unrelated to costs of production. | | | Charging different prices to different customers for the same good is known as price discrimination. | | | For example, the car industry has been well known for charging higher prices to customers in its own home market and lower prices to customers abroad, that is to say in export markets. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3889/is_200210/ai_n9137062
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| | Price Discrimination |
| | The price discrimination application adds to the monopoly case by allowing the firm to charge different prices to two types of consumers who present different downward sloping demand curves. | | | Offering a student discount is a form of price discrimination that does not entirely displease students. | | | The numerical results confirm the graphical presentation and allow you to calculate the profits to be gained from price discrimination. |
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http://www.econmodel.com/classic/discount.htm
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| | Monopoly - Price Discrimination |
| | Some consumers do benefit from this type of pricing - they are "priced into the market" when with one price they might not have been able to afford a product. | | | This occurs when a firm charges a different price to different groups of consumers for an identical good or service, for reasons not associated with the costs of production. | | | We must be careful to distinguish between discrimination (based on consumer's willingness to pay) and product differentiation - where price differences might also reflect a different quality or standard of service. |
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http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/monopoly/price_discrimination.htm
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| | OSCN Found Document:Price Discrimination. |
| | Nothing herein contained shall prevent a seller rebutting the prima facie case thus made by showing that his or her lower price to any purchaser or purchasers was made in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor. |
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http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/deliverdocument.asp?citeID=89729
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| | Price Discrimination |
| | Because price discrimination is potentially profitable, businesses have found many ways to do it. | | | Every seller would price discriminate if there were not two major obstacles standing in the way. | | | A seller price discriminates when it charges different prices to different buyers. |
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http://ingrimayne.saintjoe.edu/econ/Monopoly/PriceDiscrimination.html
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| | Price Discrimination |
| | The reasoning Banzhaf uses in attacking night club practice of charging ladies cheaper prices is also applicable to: airlines charging children and tourists cheaper prices than adults and businessmen, businesses and other entities charging seniors cheaper prices than younger people, and theaters charging cheaper matinee prices than evening prices. | | | Airlines also charge business travelers higher prices than those charged tourists. | | | Amtrak charges lower fares to senior citizens than it charges younger people and it's not because it costs less to haul older people than younger people. |
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http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/wew/articles/04/price.html
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| | BBC NEWS Business Nintendo fined for price fixing |
| | The firm and seven distributors have been found guilty by commission anti-trust officials of attempting to keep prices artificially high in some EU states between 1991 and 1998. | | | The fines follow a two-year probe by the commission into claims that Nintendo prevented distributors from selling goods from low-cost countries in states where prices were higher. | | | behaviour intended to keep prices artificially high in the European single market." |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2375967.stm
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| | New Rules Project - Retail - Antitrust: Price Discrimination |
| | The Federal Robinson-Patman Act prohibits manufacturers and suppliers from providing price discounts and other forms of preferential treatment to some buyers and not to others, if the effect of such discrimination is to lessen competition or injure individual competitors. | | | Volume discounts are allowed only to the extent that they reflect actual differences in the cost of manufacture or sale of the product. | | | New Rules Project - Retail - Antitrust: Price Discrimination |
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http://www.newrules.org/retail/antiprice.html
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| | price discrimination |
| | the practice of offering identical goods to different buyers at different prices, when the goods cost the same. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/price+discrimination
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| | Fishery Economics |
| | A college would like to charge high prices to students who are eager to come and lower prices to those who are not likely to come unless they get a price break. | | | Notice that a college scholarship can be thought of as a selective price reduction, given to some customers but not to others. | | | According to the story, he got a smaller scholarship than he would have received if he had said he planned to major in the liberal arts. |
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http://zia.hss.cmu.edu/miller/eep/news/tuition.html
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| | Price Discrimination and Retail Configuration |
| | The hypothesis that price discrimination based on willingness-to-pay for quality can occur in multifirm markets is confirmed using microdata on gasoline retailing. | | | A second test based on profitability variation rejects a competitive, peak-load pricing explanation for the observed price dispersion. | | | "Intertemporal Pricing and Price Discrimination: A Semiparametric Hedonic Analysis of the Personal Computer Market," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 0211, University of Cyprus Department of Economics. |
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http://ideas.repec.org/a/ucp/jpolec/v99y1991i1p30-53.html
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| | price discrimination -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | practice of selling a commodity at different prices to different buyers, even though sales costs are the same in all of the transactions. | | | "price discrimination" Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. | | | For price discrimination to succeed, other entrepreneurs must be unable to purchase goods at the lower… |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061344?tocId=9061344
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| | Price Discrimination |
| | How can the locals afford such high prices? | | | Then I remembered how my Dad priced gasoline back in Ola, Arkansas! |
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http://www.csuchico.edu/~shockley/syllabi/pdiscrimination
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| | Price Discrimination Simulation [Virtual Learning Arcade] |
| | Assessing if a firm should undertake price discrimination | | | Home > Virtual Worlds > Virtual Learning Arcade > Price Discrimination | | | These are traditional question types where the answers can include information on the simulation. |
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http://www.bized.ac.uk/virtual/vla/price_discrimination
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