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| | Poverty line - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The poverty line is useful as an economic tool with which to measure such people and consider socioeconomic reforms such as welfare and unemployment insurance to reduce poverty. | | | Determining the poverty line is usually done by finding the total cost of all the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year. | | | The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line
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| | Poverty line in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Criticism is also made against the poverty line's non-counting of income other than cash income, which includes many welfare benefits. | | | The official poverty definition counts money income before taxes and does not include capital gains and noncash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid, and food stamps). | | | The official poverty thresholds do not vary geographically, but they are updated annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line_in_the_United_States
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| | My Way - News |
| | Analysts have said the poverty rate typically tracks the broad economy, rising during a recession and falling in boom times, and the Bush administration said the report was "looking backwards at the economy" because it does not capture recent job growth or the full benefit of recent tax cuts. | | | They also said the decision to release both the health insurance and poverty statistics in the same report was a bid to minimize media coverage of the worsening lives of the poor in the runup to the November election. | | | Under that measure, a family would spend about a third of its income on food. |
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http://news.myway.com/top/article/id/60364top08-26-2004::13:27reuters.html
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| | Social Security Lifts 1 Million Children Above The Poverty Line, 5/2/05 |
| | Poverty status in this analysis is determined by comparing the family’s disposable income with the official federal poverty line, which was $18,810 for a family of four in 2003. | | | Moreover, when both the breadth and severity of children’s poverty are considered, Social Security does more to reduce child poverty than any other program, including the earned income tax credit. | | | To calculate the anti-poverty effects of Social Security, we determined each family’s poverty status twice, first excluding and then including the family’s Social Security benefits, and examined the resulting reduction in poverty. |
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http://www.cbpp.org/5-2-05socsec.htm
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| | Poverty Analysis - Overview |
| | Therefore, poverty lines vary in time and place, and each country uses lines which are appropriate to its level of development, societal norms and values. | | | Changes over time and differences across areas in poverty measures and social indicators reveal whether poverty reduction policies are working or not, both at the country and at the global level. | | | A common method used to measure poverty is based on incomes or consumption levels. |
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http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPA/0,,contentMDK:20153855~menuPK:435040~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:430367,00.html
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| | TFF FEATURES - Articles |
| | In the West, the methods for measuring poverty have been based on minimum levels of household spending required to meet essential expenditures on food, clothing, shelter, health and education. | | | Declining levels of poverty including forecasts of future trends are derived with a view to vindicating the "free market" policies and upholding the "Washington Consensus" on macro-economic reform. | | | Moreover, the one dollar a day criterion is in overt contradiction with established methodologies used by Western governments and intergovernmental organisations to define and measure poverty in the "developed countries". |
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http://www.transnational.org/features/chossu_worldbank.html
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| | Oxfam - UK Poverty Programme - Poverty in the UK - the facts |
| | Groups in the UK at greater risk of poverty include women, as well as children: nearly 1 in 4 women lived in poverty in 1999/2000, compared with 1 in 5 men – even before taking account of the ‘hidden poverty’ that may exist in households where income and other resources are not shared fairly. | | | Long-term poverty can eat away at people’s savings and assets, leaving them more vulnerable: between 1979 and 1996, the number of households without any assets doubled to 1 in 10. | | | Poverty is measured here as below 60 per cent of contemporary median net disposable income in 2000/01. |
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http://www.oxfamgb.org/ukpp/poverty/thefacts.htm
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| | Social Security Lifts 13 Million Seniors Above the Poverty Line, 2/23/05 |
| | The Center’s approach to measuring poverty is more comprehensive than the official measure of poverty in that it accounts for more sources of income. | | | This analysis looks at disposable income and compares it with the federal poverty line, which is now $9,060 for a single elderly individual, or $11,418 for an elderly couple. | | | In determining poverty status, the Center looked at family disposable income (that is, after-tax cash income plus food, housing, and energy benefits). |
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http://www.cbpp.org/2-24-05socsec.htm
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| | The New Yorker: Fact |
| | To begin with, the poverty thresholds are based on pre-tax income, which means that they don’t take into account tax payments and income from anti-poverty programs, such as food stamps, housing subsidies, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and Medicaid, which cost taxpayers hundreds of billions of dollars a year. | | | Slesnick calculated that the “consumption poverty rate” for 1995—that is, the percentage of families whose spending was less than the povertyincome threshold—was 9.5 per cent, which is 4.3 per cent less than the official poverty rate. | | | Therefore, the way to reduce relative poverty is to reduce income inequality—perhaps by increasing the minimum wage and raising taxes on the rich. |
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http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060403fa_fact
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| | PERCENT OF POPULATION LIVING BELOW POVERTY LINE |
| | Relative poverty lines: These have dominated developed country literature where many studies have used a poverty line which is set at, for example, 50% of the national mean income. | | | Poverty comparisons are also made over time, in assessing overall performance from the point of view of the poor. | | | An increasingly common practice is to recalculate the poverty measures using various poverty lines, and to test whether the qualitative poverty comparisons are robust to the choice. |
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http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/isdms2001/isd-ms2001socialA.htm
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| | Fraser Institute - Measuring Poverty in Canada |
| | This does not mean that poverty is increasing; rather it is the result of a revised basic-needs poverty line that attempts to be more thorough and comprehensive in accounting for and costing the basic necessities of life. | | | The LICO is a "relative" measure in the sense that it rises with increases in average spending. | | | Income poverty in Canada is now in the range of 8% as compared with 5% a few years ago. |
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http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=216
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| | washingtonpost.com: U.S. Incomes Fell, Poverty Rose in 2002 |
| | The government's poverty line varies by age and family size, and changes over time with the cost of living. | | | He suggested the numbers might have been worse had it not been for President Bush's $1.35 trillion tax cut passed in 2001 and a rise in the value of food stamps and housing subsidies. | | | Using the same two-year averages, household cash income fell 4.7 percent in the District and 0.5 percent in Maryland. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A4586-2003Sep26?language=printer
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| | Minnesota Budget Project - Poverty Rates Increase |
| | As an alternative to using the federal poverty line, the JOBS NOW Coalition prepares family budget figures based on a “no frills” standard of living in Minnesota. They find that the family budget for a single parent family of three is more than twice as high as the federal poverty line for that family size. | | | Further analysis suggests that the average poor person has become even poorer. After taking into account the impact of government food and housing benefits and federal taxes and tax credits, the income of the average poor person in 2001 was $2,707 below the poverty line. | | | Minnesota shows lower levels of poverty and unemployment, higher median household income, and a higher degree of health insurance coverage than the comparable national figures, as shown in Table 2 below. |
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http://www.mncn.org/bp/pov2002.htm
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| | Poverty Thresholds and Poverty Guidelines |
| | Both the thresholds and the guidelines are the same for all mainland states, regardless of regional differences in the cost of living. | | | For program administrators and others using the guidelines, it is more important to know that they are using the most recent available guidelines than to know the specific time period for the price data used in calculating those guidelines. | | | Individuals or families are poor if their annual pretax cash income falls below a federal measure of poverty that is also recalculated each year. |
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http://www.irp.wisc.edu/faqs/faq1.htm
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| | BBC NEWS Business 'Poverty gap' widens under Labour |
| | The government's measure for child poverty is a relative one. | | | In previous research, it estimated that halving child poverty through the Child Tax Credit might require additional expenditure of 1% of GDP. | | | The researchers concluded that reducing poverty would require more money from the government. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3017042.stm
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| | Calculating Poverty in U.S. Fuels Debate |
| | The benefits were intended to decrease poverty, and they would if they were counted as income. | | | The official poverty level is used to decide eligibility for federal health, housing, nutrition and child care benefits. | | | Count assets such as homes and securities when determining poverty levels, lowering the poverty rate for seniors on fixed incomes. |
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http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0221-06.htm
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| | Official Poverty Line |
| | The practice of overestimating the portion of a family budget of things that are relatively inexpensive like food and underestimating the portion of things that are expensive like housing, child care, health care and transportation results in an official poverty line that simply does not reflect the real costs affecting families. | | | Using numbers for 1999 they found that a family of three required a minimum budget of $23,000 in the least expensive communities ranging up to a high of $46,000 in more expensive communities. | | | Government figures also over estimate the percentage for food costs and do not adequately estimate the percentages for childcare, health insurance or transportation. |
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http://www.dsausa.org/lowwage/newsitems/OfficialPov.html
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| | The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 224 |
| | The most important controversy about the 'line' is that it is a 'livestock' concept and does not take into account the 'humane' aspects. | | | It should be possible to move from poverty to progress using available resources and ensuring a better distribution of income and asset. | | | It is well known that people exercise their freedom and may spend a part of the income on items not prescribed in the bundle. |
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http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/01/11/d40111150194.htm
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| | «Beyond Economic Growth» Chapter VI |
| | Generally speaking, however, many of the factors that encourage people to save and invest are well known, including political and economic stability, a reliable banking system, and favorable government policy. | | | To allow for international comparisons, the World Bank has established an international poverty line of $1 a day per person in 1985 purchasing power parity (PPP) prices. | | | In addition to domestic investment, foreign investment can help developing countries break out of the vicious circle of poverty, particularly if such investment is accompanied by transfers of advanced technology from developed countries. |
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http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/beyond/global/chapter6.html
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| | Press Release ILO/04/54: Half the world's workers living below US$2 a day poverty line |
| | Smaller businesses represent a substantial share of employment in both developed and developing economies but their potential to help reduce poverty is limited if their productivity is low. | | | The report argues that the benefits of productivity gains start at the enterprise level, with lower costs of production and increased profits and competitiveness, and can continue through to benefit workers in the form of higher earnings and reduced working time. | | | The ILO World Employment Report 2004-2005 (Note 1) states that focusing economic policies on creating decent and productive employment opportunities is vital for reducing global poverty as called for in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). |
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http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inf/pr/2004/54.htm
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| | poverty profile |
| | While the average household income is $49,231, which is above the poverty line for any size family in this community, almost 69% of households had incomes less than this amount, with a shocking 7% having income less than $10,000 a year. | | | This trend had started before legislation changed the welfare system in 1995, reducing benefits and tightening eligibility. | | | The Caledon Institute of Social Policy writes, "The economy of the 1990’s is creating an abundance of ‘non-standard’ jobs which pay low wages, offer few if any benefits and are often part-time or unstable" |
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http://home.nas.net/~sprc/povertyprofile.htm
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| | Understanding Poverty in America |
| | To understand poverty in America, it is important to look behind these numbers--to look at the actual living conditions of the individuals the government deems to be poor. | | | However, even these households would be judged to have high living standards in comparison to most other people in the world. | | | Interestingly, only about 1 percent of those surveyed regarded poverty in the terms the government does: as having an income below a specified level. |
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http://www.heritage.org/research/welfare/bg1713.cfm
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| | The Austin Chronicle: News: Beyond the Poverty Line |
| | According to the institute, 35% of Texans live under their "family budget line" – the amount they need to earn to make ends meet. | | | For example, the cost of housing as a share of household income has increased significantly since the 1960s, and families today are more likely to have child care expenses and pay a much higher share of health care costs than was typical in the 1960s." | | | According to the institute's budget calculations, a family of four in the Austin-San Marcos area must earn $43,580 to make ends meet – way more than the $19,350 poverty line suggests. |
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http://www.austinchronicle.com/issues/dispatch/2006-01-20/pols_naked4.html
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| | New York Daily News - City News - 1 in 5 N.Y.ers live below poverty line |
| | The percentage of the nation's population without health insurance remained stable at 15.7% in 2004. | | | A family of three (two parents, one child) in New York City earning below $15,205, the poverty threshold, would be more than $35,000 shy of the amount required for a basic family budget. | | | These would be their monthly costs, according to the Economic Policy Institute: |
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http://www.nydailynews.com/news/local/story/342016p-292045c.html
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| | poverty line |
| | a minimum income level used as an official standard for determining the proportion of a population living in poverty. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipd/A0598246.html
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| | Poverty Lines, 2001 |
| | A similar family living in a village would not have been below the poverty line, unless their income was less than $24,502. | | | Example: A family of four living in a very large Canadian city with an income (after transfers and before taxes) of less than $35,455 in 2001, would have been living below the poverty line. | | | Source: Prepared by the Canadian Council on Social Development using Statistics Canada's Low Income Cut-Offs, from Low income cut-offs from 1992 to 2001 Catalogue # 75F0002MIE-2002005, November 2002. |
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http://www.ccsd.ca/factsheets/fs_lic01.htm
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| | The Cushing Daily Citizen, Cushing, Oklahoma - Bottom line on poverty: Short on cash |
| | One local agency is dedicated to helping impoverished individuals and families get out of poverty by educating them and pointing them toward opportunities for growth. | | | After all those basic needs are met, there is no money for things such as school supplies, birthday gifts, toiletries, life insurance, furnishings, education, recreation, cleaning supplies and other necessities. | | | It’s generally 0 to 50 percent of the cost of a visit.” |
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http://www.cushingdaily.com/cnhi/cushingdaily/features/cnhinsfamily_story_283145906.html?keyword=topstory
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| | In Defense Of Success |
| | Or take the earned-income tax credit, which supplements the incomes of the working poor. | | | Federal spending on Medicaid and SCHIP represents 1.5 percent of gross domestic product. | | | More than 80 million Americans receive health insurance through a government program -- Medicaid, Medicare or the State Children's Health Insurance Program, known as SCHIP. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/18/AR2005071801327.html
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| | Children in Poverty: America's Ongoing War |
| | Furthermore, the September 1996 welfare reform bill cut $60 billion in aid to poor families within a period of six years. | | | How the USA Stacks Up Among the 21 most affluent nations, the United States has the highest percentage of poor children. | | | From helping an individual child to addressing the issue nationwide, there are many choices (some are below) on how to help -- and find greater fulfillment for yourself, too. |
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http://www.heartsandminds.org/articles/childpov.htm
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| | Basic family budget calculator |
| | The federal poverty line has traditionally been used to measure whether families have incomes high enough to enable them to meet basic needs. | | | Immigrants no danger to jobs in U.S. Increasing health costs can't explain earnings dip for low-wage workers | | | Yet most researchers now agree that a "poverty line" income is not sufficient to support most working families. |
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http://www.epinet.org/content.cfm/datazone_fambud_budget
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| | [No title] |
| | National Insurance Institute Head Yigal Ben-Shalom said in response to the report, “I call on the government to provide solutions to issues related to the poverty-stricken children, as they will ultimately contribute less to the country in their situation.” | | | Israel has bypassed the United States and now leads Western countries when it comes to child poverty figures, according to a grim National Insurance Institute report released Monday. | | | Knesset Member Ehud Rassabi (Shinui) said the report proves the current economic policy is pushing the middle-class toward poverty, adding that social gaps are widening as well. |
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http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3124397,00.html
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| | One-Fifth of U.S. Children Below Poverty Line |
| | The dramatic decline in the percentage of the older population in poverty is associated with the expansion of federal programs like Social Security and Medicare, as well as with private pension systems. | | | Of the total number of persons in poverty, 13.5 million were children, 17.6 million were working-age adults, and 3.4 million were 65 years old and over. | | | Children, who do not receive nearly the same level of federal support, are more likely than other age groups to live in extreme poverty, with income less than 50 percent of the poverty threshold. |
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http://www.prb.org/AmeristatTemplate.cfm?Section=IncomeandPoverty&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7844
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| | Why Bush is Wrong on Poverty |
| | That leaves deficit spending, which amounts to the ethically challenged taking a cash advance against my child's credit card. | | | Poverty would require leadership because "it's the right thing to do", but the political rewards are miniscule in comparison to the political costs. | | | Poverty in America is the type of subject that would require real leadership. |
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http://www.thenation.com/blogs/edcut?bid=7&pid=24486
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| | NationMaster.com - Map & Graph: Countries by Economy > Population below poverty line |
| | For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. | | | National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. | | | What percentage of the Spanish population is living under the poverty line? |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/eco_pop_bel_pov_lin
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Population below poverty line |
| | 15.9%; note - this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line (2003) | | | CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Population below poverty line | | | This page was last updated on 20 April, 2006 |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/fields/2046.html
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| | Poverty Line Measurement: |
| | This method estimates that level of consumption expenditure that is enough to meet the minimum energy requirement through the consumption of food along with the non-food items. | | | It gives the extent to which individuals fall below the poverty line as a percentage of the poverty line. | | | I (…) = Indicator value that takes the value of 1 if the bracketed expression is true: i.e.: household income is less than the poverty line, other wise 0. |
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http://www.crprid.org/Publications/PLM.htm
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| | Middle East and North Africa Poverty |
| | By this measure, around 24.4 percent of the population is calculated to be in poverty. | | | Using an international poverty line of $1 per capita a day, poverty in the MENA region is calculated at 2.8 percent of the total population in 2000 (see Table 1). | | | Evidence on levels and trends in poverty is also available from national poverty lines. |
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http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/mna/mena.nsf/All/EAD54C51F93302CC8525694A0068A783?OpenDocument
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| | Poverty Reduction - ADB.org |
| | The percentage of the population below the poverty line declined in the region from 32% in 1990 to 22% in 2000. | | | Country Poverty Assessments - including poverty analysis and participatory poverty assessment | | | In 1999, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) formally adopted poverty reduction as its overarching goal and put in place the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) to achieve this end. |
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http://www.adb.org/Poverty
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| | BBC NEWS Business US poverty rate continues to rise |
| | The rise in poverty comes despite solid economic growth in 2004, which helped to create 2.2 million jobs in the US. | | | Poverty levels are based on the bureau's population surveys, carried out over three months, beginning in February, with about 100,000 households nationally. | | | The report said non-Hispanic whites were the only ethnic group to experience an increase in poverty as well as a drop in income. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4198668.stm
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| | Brazilians walk fine poverty line - World - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper |
| | Goncalves earns the equivalent of $120 a month recycling trash — roughly $4 a day, which is double the $2 a day that the United Nations considers "extreme poverty" for a family of three. | | | One is below the poverty line and the other is not, but the life isn't much different," said Jorge Romano, director of ActionAid in Rio de Janeiro, an international organization helping countries meet millennium goals. | | | LONDRINA, Brazil -- Brazil has few extreme poor as a percentage of the population, making it a candidate to meet the United Nations' millennium development goals to reduce poverty 50 percent worldwide by 2015. |
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http://www.washtimes.com/world/20050613-093842-7209r.htm
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| | Poverty 2002 - Poverty Thresholds 2002 |
| | Poverty Thresholds for 2002 by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years |
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http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/threshld/thresh02.html
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| | NCCP National Center for Children in Poverty |
| | NCCP was actively engaged, raising issues and seeking solutions. | | | Last year was a difficult one for low-income children and families—increasing poverty, policy setbacks, and disaster in the Gulf Coast region. | | | This site copyright © 2003 The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, for its National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP). |
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http://www.nccp.org
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