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| | The Centre for the Study of African Economies Working Paper Series |
 | | Peace might therefore be expected to generate a dividend which both the government and the private sector can spend. |  | | Once confidence in a secure environment is restored there is a delayed peace dividend as private capital is repatriated and `social capital' is rebuilt. |  | | Post-war governments should therefore focus not upon how to spend an illusory early dividend, but on how to restore private confidence. |
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http://www.bepress.com/csae/paper26
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| | Peace Dividend, Development and the Distributional Problem in Sri Lanka by N. Shanmugaratnam 13 April 2003 |
 | | Peace dividend in the sense of savings on military spending and their impact on growth may take a long time to be produced in Sri Lanka, and it is not easy to predict at this point how big the savings are likely to be, when they come. |  | | It may be recalled that this conception of peace dividend gained wide currency in the post-cold war era when expectations were raised that the USA and its Western allies would reduce military spending quite dramatically and the savings would be invested in non-military sectors and social development. |  | | In mainstream analytical literature, ëpeace dividendí is generally interpreted rather narrowly in terms of the impact of cuts in military spending on economic growth performance. |
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http://www.sacw.net/2002/shan130403.html
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| | Peace dividend - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The peace dividend is a political slogan purporting to describe the economic benefit of a decrease in defense spending. |  | | The concept of a "peace dividend" assumes that the budget for defense spending will be at least partially redirected to social programs and/or economic growth. |  | | The term was frequently used at the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, when many Western nations significantly cut military spending. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_dividend
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| | Key Issues: Ethics: The Basics: The Toronto Appeal |
 | | The peace dividend can encourage policymakers to realize that national security can best be achieved as a part of the common security of all nations. |  | | Among developing nations, the peace dividend can raise the living standards of billions of people, by providing much needed capital to make societies more self-sufficient and more integrated with the world economy. |  | | Among developed nations, the peace dividend's considerable resources can enhance the quality of life for all people by improving services without appreciably increasing taxes or borrowing. |
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http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/basics/toronto-appeal.htm
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| | Where's the Peace Dividend? |
 | | As the future of America's post-Cold War peace dividend dims under the current Congress, it is important to understand how much money was freed up by the cuts we have managed to make in the defense budget, and where that money has gone. |  | | Another distinct peace dividend has been created during the first half of the 1990s by the funding of conversion and environmental programs through defense agency budgets. |  | | Indeed, both administrations touted this modest peace dividend in their annual budget documents. |
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http://www.webcom.com/ncecd/div.html
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| | NZ Greens: Campaigns: Peace Dividend |
 | | The peace dividend should be invested in the future of this country - its children. |  | | The dividend should be directed to eliminating some of the student debt - and ensuring that there is no interest on current loans. |  | | I suggest we spend our peace dividend on another Anzac class frigate, no finer or cheaper modern frigate exists, so that we can deploy at any given time a frigate to a UN operation halfway around the globe. |
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http://www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/peace/ideas.htm
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| | [No title] |
 | | If an annual reduction of 3% in military spending is sustained from 1995 to 2000, the peace dividend could be $460 billion. |  | | The first task must be to separate this dividend as an item in national budget accounts _ otherwise, it will disappear quietly, frustrating all efforts to track it down. |  | | During 1987 to 1994, the industrial nations appear to have cumulatively saved some $810 billion, and the developing nations $125 billion, producing a sizable peace dividend of $935 billion. |
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http://www.ncf.carleton.ca/ip/global/coat/18/int/introche
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| | NCPA - Federal Budget & Spending - "Peace Dividend" Balanced Budget |
 | | That the budget is nearly balanced is mostly due to the "peace dividend" -- the reduction in defense spending since the collapse of the Soviet Union. |  | | NCPA - Federal Budget and Spending - "Peace Dividend" Balanced Budget |  | | A growing economy and increased tax revenues -- $72 billion more than forecast by the Congressional Budget Office a year ago -- closed the last of the budget gap, but without the decline in defense spending as a portion of the national output and federal spending, massive deficits would endure. |
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http://www.ncpa.org/~ncpa/pd/budget/jan98g.html
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| | GPCA )) Platform |
 | | Peace cannot be achieved without economic security and general welfare for all countries. |  | | The peace dividend could help to fund these changes. |  | | Hold military recruitment materials to the same "truth in advertising" standards that are required of businesses. |
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http://cagreens.org/platform/peace.htm
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| | Dimensions of need - Tapping the peace dividend |
 | | The United States and the countries of the former Soviet Union have led the way in reducing spending, but in the former most of the savings have gone to reduce the overall budget deficit and national debt, while in the latter they have been largely swallowed up in economic crisis. |  | | Their spending rose by 7.5 percent a year between 1960 and 1987, almost three times as fast as in developed countries, while their share in global expenditure more than doubled from 7 percent to 15 percent. |  | | Military spending still places a large burden on the world's resources and is equal to the total income of almost half the world's people. |
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http://www.fao.org/docrep/U8480E/U8480E11.HTM
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| | 1577. The Peace Dividend: Military Spending Cuts and Economic Growth |
 | | Model simulation results suggest a substantial long-term peace dividend --- in the form of higher capacity output per capita --- that may result from (1) markedly lower military spending in most regions in the late 1980s and (2) future cuts in military spending if global peace is secured. |  | | Empirical results suggest that lower military spending in the late 1980s --- plus further cuts in military spending should global peace be secured --- could produce a substantial long-term peace dividend in higher capacity output. |  | | The Peace Dividend: Military Spending Cuts and Economic Growth |
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http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/research/workpapers.nsf/bd04ac9da150d30385256815005076ce/a00d49b565df5d2f852567e00054ddd0?OpenDocument
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| | Subject: Peace Dividends: case Study |
 | | Peace dividend is the cost of military spending during war. |  | | Peace dividends is the process of cutting the costs in military spending, |  | | in military spending and therefore a decrease in peace dividends. |
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http://www.csulb.edu/~tazarmi/summary-911.html
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| | Economic Impact of Peacekeeping EIP Peace Dividend Trust |
 | | The objective is to develop new policies and practical reform measures that will minimize negative economic effects while using mission spending to help jump-start economic growth. |  | | Through 400 interviews in the field and at headquarters, surveys of mission staff, and analysis of operational spending, staffing and macroeconomic data, the project has produced the first quantitative analysis of the economic impact of UN peace operations. |  | | The EIP project has been funded by the Australian Government, the British Government, the World Bank and the United Nations. |
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http://www.peacedividendtrust.org/EIP.htm
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| | DISARMAMENT AS A CHANCE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT |
 | | It is not unreasonable to assume that as a consequence of the Gulf War some governments might feel obliged to reverse the previous trends of military expenditure reductions. |  | | If military expenditures are reduced globally by 5% annually, these freed resources would translate into a total saving, on current military expenditures, of over $2 trillion from 1990 to the year 2000. |  | | Considering the significant political changes in Europe during the past few years and the world-wide ecological and development problems ahead, these reservations against speedy disarmament and lower military spending are signs of a totally unacceptable attitude. |
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http://hdr.undp.org/docs/publications/ocational_papers/oc5.htm
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| | So where's the peace dividend? thebulletin.org |
 | | Reductions in the Clinton budget, says the memo, are "quite modest." According to the latest Clinton six-year plan, military spending in real terms will decline through 1999, but begin to rise in 2000 and 2001. |  | | Military expenditures have gone down in recent years compared to the spend-till-you-drop 1980s. |  | | If so, it will be a costly undertaking. |
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http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art_ofn=so95moore_023
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| | The Skeptical Optimist: Rethinking the surplus |
 | | Then, in the mid/late '90s, "The Peace Dividend" joined forces with an economic-boom-driven surge in tax receipts to create a budget surplus. |  | | This week he looks at that chimeric creature, the Clinton-era budget surplus:...in the mid/late '90s, "The Peace Dividend" joined forces with an economic-boom-driven surge in tax receipts to create a... |  | | A tiny minority of iconoclasts had one eyebrow raised, and one skeptical eye focused on the precipitous decline in national security's share of the spending mix. |
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http://www.optimist123.com/optimist/2005/02/rethinking_the_.html
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| | Palestine Center - Without a "Peace Dividend" Reconciliation is out of Reach |
 | | For Israel, acceptance by its neighbors would enable it to integrate in the local economy and reap the benefits of a huge supply of lower-wage workers in neighboring countries through free trade agreements. |  | | This provided the necessary decrease in defense spending and government interference with the economy. |  | | The ruling Labor Party resisted the new pressure to liberalize economically, but when the hard line Likud took over in 1977 they took the unexpected step of making peace with Egypt. |
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http://www.palestinecenter.org/cpap/pubs/20021003a_ftr.html
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| | MSN Money - Stocks with a peace dividend |
 | | That happy concurrence may mean it is finally time for investors to poke their heads up from the foxholes they’ve dug over the past few years and notice that the shooting has stopped. |  | | To exploit the notion that peace is at hand and a better economy should follow, conservative investors could simply buy a low-cost mutual fund that tracks the Wilshire 5000 index, such as the Vanguard Total Stock Market Index (VTSMX). |  | | Join the discussion in the MSN Money SuperModels Community. |
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http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/P46031.asp
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| | The Peace Dividend: $2 Trillion |
 | | However, had the US maintained annual defense budgets at the 1985 level, spending would have totaled $8.5 trillion. |  | | Your contributions help support AFA initiatives to educate the public about the need for a strong national defense, advocate aerospace power and directly support our Air Force family are tax deductible. |  | | The difference in the two figures-sometimes known as "the peace dividend"-works out to about $2.1 trillion. |
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http://www.afa.org/magazine/nov1999/1199chart.asp
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| | Peace dividend from tsunami? csmonitor.com |
 | | But independent analysts say that in private discussions with the government, the LTTE has indicated that it might be willing to negotiate on the terms of the ISGA. |  | | The delegation arriving Thursday, which includes Foreign Minister Jan Petersen and International Development Minister Hilde Johnson, will focus first on working through international agencies, local NGOs, and Norwegian organizations to meet the urgent needs of the displaced, as well as on a rebuilding strategy. |  | | The peace team from Norway is also expected to try to facilitate the release of $4.5 billion for general reconstruction, promised from donor countries before the tsunami. |
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http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0120/p07s02-wosc.htm
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| | "); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" |
 | | The Popular Congress, the Ummah party and the Communist Party recently formed an alliance with a number of smaller parties to form an opposition to the government of national unity. |  | | The two parties signed a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on 9 January in Nairobi, Kenya, paving the way for the new government of national unity. |  | | Many people will be happy to hand in their arms, but the new government must give them something to do in their community," he added. |
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http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=48066&SelectRegion=East_Africa&SelectCountry=SUDAN
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| | "); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" |
 | | Under the terms of the accord, UNITA agreed to the demobilisation of its troops as part of a political settlement that would culminate in elections within two years. |  | | He said the first priority would be to help address the significant economic constraints to investment, such as non-existent infrastructure across most of the war-ruined country and poor regulatory frameworks. |  | | Pretoria's relationship with the Angolan government has also been strained over its earlier insistence on a peace process that would include Savimbi, and allegations of regional political rivalry. |
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http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=27432
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| | Private Military Companies Pursue the Peace Dividend - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council |
 | | A House of Commons committee suggested a year ago that the government "should consider carefully whether the greater use of PMCs in UK humanitarian and peace support operations might help to reduce military overstretch". |  | | But PMCs are keeping up the pressure on governments. |  | | He argues that the use of private companies would improve the quality of the operations. |
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http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/peacekpg/training/0724dividend.htm
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| | Peace Bibliography A-H |
 | | Alagappa, Muthiah, ed., In Search of Peace: Confidence Building and Conflict Resolution in the Pacific, Routledge, Chapman and Hall, NYC, 1990. |  | | American Friends Service Committee, Trading Books for Soldiers: The True Cost of JROTC, AFSC National Youth and Militarism Program, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. |  | | -----, A Manual on the Development of the Concept of Compassion and Its Measurement, 1962-1975, Canadian Peace Research Inst., Oakville, Ont., 1976. |
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http://www.centeronconscience.org/biblio_A-H.htm
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| | Il Partito Nuovo - Sensible disarmament: Peace dividend and security |
 | | For the countries of the Third World and for the ex-Socialist countries this reduction would provide immediaterelief in dealing with their dramatic problems of development. |  | | With a reduction of 5 per cent a year, world military spending would be reduced by 40 per cent in ten years, making around 2,300 billion dollars available for peaceful uses -- almost twice the Third World debt. |  | | The end of the "Cold War" between the two superpowers would, in fact, allow considerable resouces to be transferred from military spending to civilian spending -- the peace dividends -- without compromising existing defence capacities. |
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http://coranet.radicalparty.org/pressreview/print_right.php?func=detail&par=4137
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| | AFSCME Resolution: Peace dividend |
 | | AFSCME members, as both ;providers and users of essential state and local services, are in a unique position to appreciate the devastating impact of federal budget priorities on working people. |  | | The peace dividend should be used for investment. |
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http://www.afscme.org/about/resolute/1990/r29-011.htm
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| | The Peace Dividend by Linda Johnston, MD, DHt |
 | | The Peace Dividend of Travel is a priceless asset and indispensable to the maintenance of friendly relations with other countries and the maintenance of public pressure on government to avoid hostilities. |  | | The benefits of travel for all concerned have been known for years. |  | | The millions of Americans who travel internationally inadvertently serve as ad hoc Ambassadors of Peace simply by voluntarily following their own choices for travel, social relationships and business and making friends in other countries. |
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http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig3/johnston3.html
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| | President Clinton Just Tore To Shreds The Last Remnant Of The Peace Dividend by Matthew Rothschild |
 | | In his latest budget, he proposes increasing Pentagon spending by $13.5 billion to a total of $291 billion. |  | | Peace activist Randy Forsberg calculates that we could do that for about one-tenth the amount. |  | | But the Democrats, under Clinton's tutelage, have erased just about every distinction between the two major parties on "defense" issues. |
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http://www.commondreams.org/views/021000-102.htm
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| | Bank vows to use Y2k 'peace dividend' for IT - Computerworld |
 | | National City Corp. has promised to use its Y2k "peace dividend" for increased technology spending, CEO David Daberko said at the bank's annual shareholders meeting yesterday. |  | | He didn't say how much money was involved or what new projects were being earmarked. |  | | Bank vows to use Y2k 'peace dividend' for IT - Computerworld |
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http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2000/0,4814,43834,00.html
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| | Where's the war dividend? |
 | | Every time the U.S. goes to war, there always seems to be a "peace dividend" - a commercial spinoff from the Department of Defense spending that flows to the private sector. |  | | Because we needed a better way to gauge where artillery shells would fall, the U.S. Army invested money in computer technology during World War II. |
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http://www.networkworld.com/columnists/2003/0707anderson.html
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| | ECONOMY-JORDAN: Peace Dividend Brings no Gains |
 | | Israeli, U.S. and Jordanian officials all said that peace would stimulate economic growth through a flow of investment into Jordan, cancellation of public debt owed to the U.S., and subsequent reduction of the remaining foreign debt. |  | | The United States brokered a peace agreement between Jordan, a small Arab country that emerged from the post-World War I division of the Middle East by Britain and France, and Israel in October 1994. |  | | But he says peace with Israel simply means that his country is open for more products from Israel. |
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http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=19102
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| | South Asia - Hoping for Peace Dividend in Sri Lanka |
 | | Donors stressed the need for accelerated structural reforms, noted that Sri Lanka needed to improve its record on implementing projects, and called on the government to ensure that individual rights are not violated. |  | | Minister Pieris described the government's two-pronged peace strategy involving a military response combined with amendments to the constitution to devolve greater powers to the regions. |  | | Donors and the government agreed to reconvene a special meeting for the purpose of approving additional assistance in the event of peace. |
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http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:20019036~menuPK:158844~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html
(634 words)
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| | Weve Earned a Peace Dividend: Newsroom: The Independent Institute |
 | | The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute estimates that such expenditures have dropped by one third from $1.1 trillion in the late 1980s to $740 billion in 1997. |  | | Another indicator of increasing international stability is the substantial reduction in worldwide military expenditures after the Cold War. |  | | There has also been a drastic reduction in international arms sales. |
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http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1127
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| | BBC NEWS World South Asia Reaping the peace dividend |
 | | Suddenly we would be able to justify a much needed and critical resource diversion, from the security and defence apparatus to the social sectors. |  | | They just want a chance to build a better life in a country they now consider to be their home. |  | | A few weeks earlier, many of the men held by Pakistan and India for fishing illegally in each other's waters were released and are on their way home - another confidence-building measure designed to smooth the way to talks. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3060653.stm
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| | 'Peace dividend' not seen in south - World - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper |
 | | "Now we will participate, and it is our determination that we could have a peace agreement by the end of the year." |  | | The peace accord gives the south the right to vote on whether to secede from Khartoum in six years, and many analysts say it is likely the south will vote to leave. |  | | Salva Kiir, first vice president in the new unity government in Khartoum and president of the regional government in southern Sudan, complained that foreign donors have delivered only a tiny fraction of the more than $2 billion in aid promised at a much-touted donors' conference for Sudan in Norway this spring. |
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http://www.washtimes.com/world/20051104-102809-9007r.htm
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| | PEACE TAX ! & DOP |
 | | National Campaign for a Peace Tax Fund ! |  | | The Peace Tax Seven - History of war tax resistance |  | | The Peace Tax Seven - What is their moral argument? |
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http://www.betterworldlinks.org/book18.htm
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| | Congress Sees Little Joy in Long-Awaited `Peace Dividend' |
 | | The reason for the dismay -- and second thoughts about defense-spending cuts that are gripping doves and hawks alike -- is jobs, especially jobs during a recession. |  | | This article may be freely distributed electronically, provided it is distributed in its entirety and includes this notice, but may not be reprinted without the express written permission of The Tech. |  | | The hard place is jobs in your district." |
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http://www-tech.mit.edu/V112/N5/dividend.05w.html
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| | Sinn Féin: Sinn Fein seek £10 billion Peace Dividend |
 | | Both governments have already acknowledged the validity of the arguments about the need to invest in conflict resolution. |  | | Rigorous review of all state and semi-state contracts called for to ensure proper pay and conditions for all employees |  | | We believe that the two governments can deliver a 10 billion pound 10-year Peace Building Strategy. |
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http://www.sinnfein.ie/news/detail/13635
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| | BBC NEWS Africa Sudan must grasp 'peace dividend' |
 | | "The parties must be persuaded, by a combination of pressure and assurances from influential (UN) member states, that it is truly in their interests to respect the ceasefire and pursue a settlement through peaceful means," Mr Pronk told the Security Council. |  | | Colonel Omar Adam, leader of the Justice and Equality Movement (Jem, a rebel group in Darfur, told the BBC that Sudan's government is "preparing for war". |  | | Sudan's government have signed a peace deal with rebels in southern Sudan, but progress in Darfur has been slow. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4166863.stm
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| | [No title] |
 | | In fact, due to growth and given the war, the operating budget is not bad. |  | | After the war, it should come back into balance when we reap the peace dividend that will come. |  | | A thing so private that it impacts his political life not at all or in fuzzy ways having a great deal to do with "world peace" and other Miss America bromides. |
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http://www.johnmarkreynolds.com/archive/2005_04_24_archive.html
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| | The Hindu : Peace and the peace dividend |
 | | "We laid the foundation for peace, we were building a strong economy on it but President Chandrika decided to play her hand just then by dissolving Parliament," said Milinda Moragoda, Minister for Economic Reforms in the UNF Government and one of its key candidates for the coming elections. |  | | The election, the country's third in under four years, came after a four-month deadlock in the co-habitation government between President Chandrika Kumaratunga and the UNF, to end which Ms. |  | | Premadasa said a bag of urea fertilizer that cost him 350 rupees earlier was now selling at between 850 to 930 rupees, making it difficult for him to cultivate his two-and-a-half acres sharecropping land even before the drought set in. |
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http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/25/stories/2004032502251400.htm
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| | SRI LANKA: Peace Dividend Hard to Come by in War-torn Region |
 | | The two head rival political parties but are running the government together in an uneasy arrangement. |  | | The prime minister has refused to resume peace talks unless he is handed back the defence portfolio. |  | | Now, the threat of renewed war or at least the uncertainty of the peace process, triggered by the suspension of peace talks since April and a dispute between President Chandrika Kumaratunga and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe, has added more hopelessness and fear among many. |
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http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=22199
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| | Canada and the World Backgrounder: What happened to the peace dividend? |
 | | This comes after a steady decline from the peak year for spending of 1987. |  | | In 2000, The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute reported that world military spending increased by 2% during 1999. |  | | The dizzying cost of the arms race would end, and the money not spent on weapons and standing armies could be channelled into social programs. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3695/is_200101/ai_n8930370
(385 words)
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| | Peace Company |
 | | Pathways to Peace (PTP) is an international peacebuilding, educational, and |  | | Pathways To Peace has Consultative II Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and works with the U.N. Centre for Human Rights, U.N. Centre for Human Settlements, UNESCO, UNICEF, and other Agencies. |  | | As part of The Peace Company's commitment to living in right relationship with our community, we offer 5% of our profits to local programs that we feel are doing exceptional work in fostering a culture of peace. |
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http://thepeacecompany.com/initiatives/peacedividend.php
(558 words)
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| | The peace dividend |
 | | Rajeeva Bandaranaike, the marketing manager at the Colombo Stock Exchange, admits that strategic buying in some counters largely fuelled recent market gains. |  | | Foreign investors, too, have returned to the bourse with a 1.1 billion-rupee inflow from January to May, against a 242 million-rupee outflow during the same period a year earlier. |  | | The December 24 ceasefire between the government and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam has held, though direct peace negotiations originally targeted for May are not expected until the end of July at the earliest. |
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http://www.arches.uga.edu/~sga/readings/peace_dividend_sl.htm
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| | Bob Dole's Tax Cut A Peace Dividend |
 | | Instead of paying more taxes than ever before in the history of the United States, we ought to be enjoying a peace dividend. |  | | By the end of 1949 federal revenues as a share of GDP had fallen to 14.7 percent. |  | | But the end of war in 1953 again produced a peace dividend, with revenues as a share of GDP falling to 17.3 percent in 1954. |
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http://www.ncpa.org/~ncpa/oped/dupont/oct996.html
(774 words)
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| | WorldNetDaily: The peace dividend |
 | | About that same time, word began seeping out that the Democratic Party had received its peace dividend. |  | | The party of the people had heard me, they'd extracted the cash and my dividend check was as good as "in the mail." |  | | The task of distributing the peace dividend fell to nine innings of Bush I and 18 of Clinton-Gore. |
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http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=30398
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| | Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article |
 | | Taken together and spun out over a number of years, this may total something like the magical figure of £1 billion, whereupon another type of spinning will take over and the great 'peace dividend' will magically be upon us. |  | | I don't buy it and neither should you, although there will be no shortage of politicians selling the message. |  | | Peace 'dividend' not as generous as it appears |
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http://www.nuzhound.com/articles/irish_news/arts2004/dec14_peace_dividend__TKelly.php
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