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| | Oligopoly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In industrialized countries oligopolies are found in many sectors of the economy, such as cars, consumer goods, and steel production. | | | Oligopoly refers to the market for output while oligopsony refers to the market where these firms are the buyers and not sellers (eg. | | | In an oligopoly firms operate under imperfect competition, the demand curve is kinked to reflect inelasticity below market price and elasticity above market price, the product or service firms offer are differentiated and barriers to entry are strong. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopoly
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| | Oligopoly Prices 1 |
| | Oligopoly prices and profits are "indeterminate." That is, they may be anything within the range, and are unpredictable. | | | The oligopoly firms will compete on price so that the price and profits will be the same as those of a P-competitive industry. | | | In principle, the oligopoly's profits could never be higher than those of a monopoly -- since the monopoly chooses the price that maximizes industry profits. |
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http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/prin/txt/Imch/Im11.html
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| | OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Oligopoly |
| | Whether the oligopoly is differentiated or undifferentiated, the critical problem is to determine the way in which the firms act in the face of their realized interdependence. | | | An oligopoly is a market characterized by a small number of firms who realize they are interdependent in their pricing and output policies. | | | In general, the analysis of oligopoly is concerned with the effects of mutual interdependence among firms in pricing and output decisions. |
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http://cs3-hq.oecd.org/scripts/stats/glossary/detail.asp?ID=3270
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| | Defining the new Oligopoly |
| | The new oligopoly is made up of multinational corporations that have chosen specific product or service categories to dominate. | | | The members of an oligopoly change the nature of a free market. | | | While they can't dictate price and availability like a monopoly can, they often turn into friendly competitors, since it is in all the members' interest to maintain a stable market and profitable prices. |
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http://www.oligopolywatch.com/stories/2003/04/17/definingTheNewOligopoly.html
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| | Oligopoly Watch |
| | Recent moves have shown a new interest at global media oligopoly News Corporation, and may be an indication of the direction in which the media is heading. | | | As we've argued, new oligopolies tend to have a more radical influence on costs. | | | The future of its water utility holdings is in doubt, as that's not a sector where it has made new acquisitions. |
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http://www.oligopolywatch.com
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| | Revision Guru |
| | Oligopoly firms compete on price so that price and profits will be the same as a competitive industry | | | Oligopoly prices and profits are "indeterminate" because of the difficulties in modelling interdependent price and output decisions | | | When one firm has a dominant position in the market the oligopoly may experience price leadership. |
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http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/oligopoly.htm
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| | The Arthritic Hand of Oligopoly |
| | Oligopoly is a compromise between society's interests in assuring that firms continue to improve products and production processes and the capitalists' interest in making a profit. | | | Oligopolies enjoy periods of stability in which price competition is limited or absent even while these firms struggle over market share through various forms of non-price competition. | | | While the rules of perfect competition should both assure that prices reflect the true costs of production and that firms continue to improve their products and production processes, operating under these rules leads to the type of price competition that continually threatens the value of vast holdings of expensive and specialized production facilities. |
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http://online.bcc.ctc.edu/econ100/ksttext/oligoply/oligoply.htm
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| | Distinguish between Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly |
| | Prices in oligopolies are likely to be stable as firms rely more on non-price competition to boost their sales and profits. | | | The interdependence of firms within an Oligopoly limits the ability for firms to exploit markets to their own benefit. | | | The kinked demand curve theory suggests that there will be price stickiness in these markets and that firms will rely more on non-price competition to boost sales, revenue, and profits. |
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http://www.coursework.info/i/7605.html
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| | Oligopoly |
| | Another advantage of oligopoly for both businesses and consumers: It's easier to forge common standards. | | | Some mergers are motivated by the threat of falling profits and prices as much as by the chance to increase market power. | | | At times the government does step in to break up a market. |
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http://www.wright.edu/~tdung/oligopoly.htm
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| | Egwald Economics - Oligopoly and the Public Firm With Managerial Incentives |
| | Key words: microeconomics, industrial organization, oligopoly, imperfect competition, government (public) enterprise (firm), managerial bonus systems for public and private companies, production function, cost function, managerial incentives. | | | an oligopoly with one firm a government (public) firm, | | | For example, a political party backed by labour might place a weight on the total wage bill for the government firm. |
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http://www.egwald.com/economics/econpage.php3
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| | Lee Berton: Big 4 'oligopoly' works swell -- for the surviving firms |
| | Since the Big 8 shrunk into the newly structured Big 4 over the past dozen years, U.S. businesses -- particularly big companies -- have had a much narrower choice in deciding which accounting firm will peruse their books. | | | The government's top watchdog agency, the General Accounting Office, said much the same thing in a report issued July 30, which didn't get the attention it deserved. | | | In the 140-page report to Congress (entitled "Public Accounting Firms: Mandated Study on Consolidation and Competition GAO-03-864"), the GAO calls the audit market for large public companies "an oligopoly." |
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http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/03334/245243.stm
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| | EconPapers: George Norman |
| | Oligopoly Deregulation in General Equilibrium: A Tax Neutralization Result |
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http://econpapers.repec.org/RAS/pno24.htm
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| | EconPapers: Tax Incidence in Differentiated Product Oligopoly |
| | Working Paper: Tax incidece in Differentiated product Oligopoly (1999) | | | Working Paper: Tax incidence in differentiated product oligopoly | | | Journal Article: Tax incidence in differentiated product oligopoly (2001) |
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http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/emaworpap/2000-10.htm
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| | Oligopoly |
| | When there are just a few competitors in a market (oligopoly), they take each others' actions into consideration when making their own decisions. | | | Collusion involves choosing a market quantity (or price) and a division of the monopoly profit between the two firms. | | | The product may be differentiated among the sellers (e.g. |
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http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/econ101-dl/lecture-oligopoly.html
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| | Classroom Expernomics: Fall 1993 |
| | My background is in industrial organization, so I admit that I may spend more time covering oligopolies than some. | | | The program also prints the tickets that buyers and sellers use to submit their bids and offers to the experimenter. | | | Unlike other software packages available from the Economic Science Laboratory (such as MICRO Monop and Cournot Oligopoly), MICRO Call does not come with any instructions for subjects (although there are on-line instructions for the user). |
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http://www.marietta.edu/~delemeeg/expernom/f93.html
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| | AmosWEB eTutor: Oligopoly: Lesson Menu |
| | How oligopoly firms collude by combining marginal cost curves. | | | The importance of the kinked-demand curve to oligopoly price rigidity. | | | The nature of oligopoly as a market with a small number of large sellers. |
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http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/prv_lsn.pl?lsn=22
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| | Oligopoly Problem |
| | The pricing examples we have seen here give some insight about the reason why price competition -- when it does occur -- is so powerful in bringing prices down to the lowest stable level. | | | And it isn't just simply a failure in the analysis of oligopoly prices -- not really. | | | That had become pretty clear to economists by the 1960's, and many economists lost interest in game theory. |
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http://william-king.www.drexel.edu/top/Prin/txt/Imch/Im22.html
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| | In Brief |
| | According to the report entitled "Oligopoly, Inc. -- Concentration in Corporate Power 2003," transnational firms are becoming more powerful in shaping social, economic and trade policies. | | | Based on the World Development Indicators Database, 51 of the world's 100 largest economic entities were transnational corporations in 2002. | | | The ETC Group -- a public interest group that, inter alia, monitors the consolidation of corporate power -- has released a new report that analyses trends in commercial farming, food, health and nanotechnology (the manipulation of matter at the level of atoms and molecules). |
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http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-12-17/inbrief.htm
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| | The Manila Times Internet Edition REGIONS > Pagdanganan vows to break oligopoly in pharma industry |
| | REGIONS > Pagdanganan vows to break oligopoly in pharma industry | | | tc "MALOLOS CITY—Former tourism secretary and Bulacan governor Roberto Pagdanganan has vowed to break the oligopoly in the pharmaceutical industry and provide cheaper, quality medicine to the people." | | | Speaking before hundreds of students of the Bulacan State University Graduate School Student Council, Pagdanganan said the pharmaceutical industry is worth P80 billion, but is controlled by multinational companies. |
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http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2004/dec/17/yehey/prov/20041217pro8.html
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| | Oracle president backpedals on 'oligopoly' report CNET News.com |
| | In a government deposition, Oracle President Charles Phillips downplayed the relevance of a report he issued in his previous job as Morgan Stanley analyst, in which he declared that SAP, Oracle and PeopleSoft comprised an oligopoly for back-office business applications. | | | HP Consolidation Benefits Calculator: Calculate your benefitsCalculate now | | | "I used it as a colloquial term, the term oligopoly, and to describe the leading companies with the most recognized brand names and who were public," he said. |
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http://news.com.com/Oracle+president+backpedals+on+%27oligopoly%27+report/2100-1012_3-5239784.html?type=pt&part=inv&tag=feed&subj=news
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| | Risk-Averse Firms in Oligopoly |
| | Keywords: Oligopoly; risk aversion; fixed costs; strategic investment; second order stochastic dominance; background risk; market risk | | | D43 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure and Pricing - - - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection | | | This fact is extended to cover strategic investment models, and to analyse the importance of accumulated profits. |
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http://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/hastef/0069.html
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| | Oligopoly Watch |
| | Big companies are inherently bad at disruptive innovation; their investment is paid back better if they make evolutionary innovations, improving products they know they have a market for. | | | We've written about the practice of buying out new companies and their ideas, whether in the beer industry or the ice cream industry. | | | That allows the buying company the option of releasing the disruptive product (and getting an edge on other members of the oligopoly), or stifling to for the long-term good of the industry or its allies. |
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http://www.oligopolywatch.com/2003/08/14.html
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| | Australian Financial Review - |
| | "This is especially the case in the retail, transport, banking, media and telecommunications sectors, where there's a clear trend to duopoly and oligopoly markets." | | | Mr Latham said the government in effect had surrendered efforts to encourage competition. |
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http://afr.com/articles/2004/08/09/1091903496675.html
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| | Tech heavyweights explain how to destroy the Internet The Register |
| | But in reality, they are seeking government help to allow a few companies to turn the Internet from a place of competition and innovation, into an oligopoly. | | | Power over the Internet would then reside with the network owners, who could use choke-point power to constrain consumer choices, limit sources of news and information and entertainment, undermine competitors, and quash disruptive new technologies." |
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http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/22/36744.html
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| | VHeadline.com - The United States is looking for a weapons of mass destruction oligopoly |
| | It is the same commercial strategy applied to conventional drugs and to the capital assets, by means of which, through patents, they have established an oligopoly by means of which the worldwide market is controlled. | | | While simultaneously the USA ignored the other vital aspect of the norm: the obligation of the 5 nuclear powers to reduce and eliminate their arsenals of these arms of massive destruction. | | | The UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, very much regrets that the Review Conference of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) closed today without substantive agreement, noting that the States parties missed a vital opportunity to strengthen our collective security against the many nuclear threats to which all States and all peoples are vulnerable. |
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http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=36516
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| | EconPapers: Optimal Pollution Tax in Cournot Oligopsonistic Oligopoly |
| | A general finding is that the optimal pollution tax rate may be higher,lower or equal to the marginal value of the environmental damage. | | | EconPapers: Optimal Pollution Tax in Cournot Oligopsonistic Oligopoly | | | In this paper I will derive a general formula for the optimal pollution tax within Cournot oligopsonistic oligopoly where both product and factor markets are imperfectly competitive. |
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http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/ecmausm04/29.htm
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| | Oracle responds to DOJ lawsuit over PeopleSoft bid - 2004-03-05 |
| | In the 2002 report, Phillips referred to part of the enterprise software market as an "oligopoly" ruled by PeopleSoft, Oracle and SAP. | | | Phillips now serves as Oracle's co-president and has been the main force behind the company's tender offer along with Oracle CEO Larry Ellison. |
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http://eastbay.bizjournals.com/eastbay/stories/2004/03/01/daily42.html
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| | Townhall.com :: Columns :: A news revolution by Bruce Bartlett |
| | Economists call this an oligopoly --a market with only a few sellers who can set prices in a quasi-monopolistic manner. | | | In this case, however, what was being set is not prices, but a single mindset of what constitutes "news." This mindset has been the same for about 50 years, from the time at which meaningful newspaper competition began to decline and television became the dominant news source for most people. | | | CBS is clearly operating under the old paradigm, in which only a chosen few media outlets were allowed to present the news. |
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http://www.townhall.com/columnists/brucebartlett/bb20040916.shtml
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| | KoreaTimes : Soaring Gas Bills |
| | In conclusion, the government has been bent on only tax collection, while refiners unilaterally determine supply prices, leaving consumers to bear the brunt of oil price hikes. | | | This has become possible due in large part to the virtual collusion among refiners in determining the supply prices. | | | Since many importers of petroleum products have gone bankrupt, the domestic refiners have enjoyed a state of virtual oligopoly. |
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http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/200408/kt2004081519485254050.htm
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| | Profit Taxation and Capital Accumulation in Dynamic Oligopoly Models (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath |
| | In both settings, we evaluate the effects of (gross) profit taxation, proving that there exist tax rates yielding the same steady state social welfare as under social planning. | | | We illustrate two differential oligopoly games using, respectively, the capital accumulation dynamics `a la Solow-Nerlove-Arrow, and the capital accumulation dynamics `a la Ramsey. | | | @misc{ luca-profit, author = "Massimo Baldini Luca", title = "Profit Taxation and Capital Accumulation in Dynamic Oligopoly Models" } |
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http://smealsearch.psu.edu/1434.html
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| | Oracle unlikely to get PeopleSoft, analysts say InfoWorld News 2004-02-27 By Stacy Cowley, IDG News Service |
| | The DOJ took advantage of Phillips' past to quote in its complaint, filed in U.S. District Court in San Francisco, a 2002 report he issued describing the back-office applications market for global companies as one dominated by "an oligopoly comprised of SAP, PeopleSoft, and Oracle." | | | The DOJ's argument that an Oracle acquisition of PeopleSoft would unacceptably limit industry competition hinges on its contention that only SAP AG, PeopleSoft and Oracle meet the needs of large companies, for whom robust software and vendor stability is essential. |
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http://www.infoworld.com/article/04/02/27/HNoracleanalysis_1.html
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| | Oligopoly |
| | Though many economists suspect that the results of two sellers are more similar to those of one seller than to those of many sellers, economics lacks a clear theory that can prove this suspicion. | | | Supply and demand is the theory of a market with many sellers and many buyers. | | | The problem of interdependence has thwarted economists' attempts to develop a good theory of oligopoly. |
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http://ingrimayne.saintjoe.edu/econ/Monopoly/Oligopoly.html
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| | oligopoly on Encyclopedia.com |
| | A geometric solution of a Cournot oligopoly with nonidentical firms. | | | Salomon sees value in holding stocks of oligopolies in region. | | | The Microeconomics of Innovation -- Oligopoly Theoretic Analyses with Applications to Banking and Patenting. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/x/x-oligopol.asp
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| | Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae Not an 'Oligopoly,' CEO Says |
| | The House bill would create a new, independent regulator that has the authority to determine the amount of capital Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac must have on hand and to force them to buy or sell assets if the companies run into financial trouble. | | | "You can't put a lot of burdens on us that you could have maybe when we were more of an oligopoly and didn't face private competition," he said. | | | Syron said that statistic should make Congress more cautious in writing new regulations. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/15/AR2005071501820.html
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| | Oligopoly |
| | A cartel is a group of firms that get together to act cooperatively, jointly determining price and output. | | | Monopolists have no rivals and perfectly competitive firms are too small to impact each other at the individual level. | | | In fact, not only is there no such thing as the oligopoly model, there exists many, many of candidate solution concepts, each with a different twist on the way to model inter-firm relationships. |
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http://www.business.uiuc.edu/ldebrock/econ102s04/oll/Chap11
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| | EH.Net Encyclopedia: Advertising Bans, US |
| | McGahan, A.M. "The Emergence of the National Brewing Oligopoly: Competition in the American Market, 1933-1958." Business History Review 65 (1991): 229-84. |
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http://www.eh.net/encyclopedia/?article=Nelson.AdBans
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| | European Commission to approve French support for Alstom: sources - EUbusiness |
| | The fear of an oligopoly in the sector outweighs the commission's fears about subsidies which could in this case have a pro-competitive effect," said one of the sources. | | | First, the commission fears that choice will be limited for third parties such as French national rail group SNCF. |
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http://www.eubusiness.com/afp/040329175518.j79t5xhq
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| | Lars Persson, IUI |
| | "Privatization Policy in an International Oligopoly" (with Pehr-Johan Norbäck). | | | "Privatization Policy in an International Oligopoly" (with Pehr-Johan Norbäck), Working Paper No. 608, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, 2003. | | | "The Equilibrium Ownership of an International Oligopoly" (with Henrik Horn IIES and WTO), Journal of International Economics, Volume 53, Issue 2, April 2001, 307-333. |
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http://www.iui.se/staff/LarsP
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| | Intellectual Property - Economic View |
| | In such cases, economists may find that another market form, such as oligopoly or monopolistic competition better describes the workings of the markets for expressive works and inventions. | | | For example, the holder of publishing rights for a book may be competing with various other authors to get a book published. | | | This is one reason to prefer the term exclusive rights rather than monopoly rights. |
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http://www.wipout.net/economicview.html
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| | Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia |
| | India and Brazil can break the technological oligopoly of the developed nations because both have developed indigenously a huge array of technologies in these areas, and have developed as good a quality of skilled and specialized manpower as any developed nation can claim. | | | There is little doubt that if these three nations put their right foot forward with adequate will and commitment, help may come in from some of the G-8 nations. | | | But Brazil and India must move in these three areas, along with South Africa, because the G-3 can only make a real impact on behalf of the developing nations as a whole when they optimize their vast skill, manpower and potential to "free" these areas from the developed nations' oligopoly. |
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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EL11Df03.html
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| | Reason: Domination Fantasies: Does Rupert Murdoch control the media? Does anyone? |
| | With all this fluidity, it is strange to read in the 1992 edition of Ben Bagdikian’s influential book The Media Monopoly that our primary concern should be about "concentrated control" by "fifty corporations." Monopoly means exclusive control by one company. | | | McChesney continues that the media cabal "is rounded out by a second tier of 60-80 firms," including many based in Asia and Latin America. | | | An oligopoly could involve two or three or four. |
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http://www.reason.com/0401/fe.bc.domination.shtml
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| | The Case to Re-regulate the Gasoline Market |
| | Until our political leaders start talking tough about greater public control over the flow of gasoline, however, the in-state refining oligopoly will continue to extract even greater prices. | | | In the long term, perhaps only such a move will break the hold of California refiners. |
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http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0319-07.htm
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| | Learning in Cournot Oligopoly - An Experiment ewp-game/9707009 |
| | This experiment was designed to test various learning theories in the context of a Cournot oligopoly. | | | We derive theoretical predictions for the learning theories and test these predictions by varying the information given to subjects. | | | Learning in Cournot Oligopoly - An Experiment ewp-game/9707009 |
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http://econwpa.wustl.edu/eprints/game/papers/9707/9707009.abs
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| | Putin and the choice of times |
| | Under market economy, wealth naturally tends to concentration while in a deregulated and chaotic situation, force and trickery are more likely to happen, so certain social regulatory mechanism is needed. | | | For this, he did not care to hurt oligopoly, recover power from local principals by slashing at some heavyweights. | | | Domestically, the flag Putin holds high is the order, ruling by law and social justice. |
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http://english.people.com.cn/200403/14/eng20040314_137438.shtml
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| | Using the Aids Industry: Lessons from Bangkok survivreausida.net |
| | This, in a context where the US AIDS Czar Randall Tobias is looking for any means to undermine generic manufacturing and return to an oligopoly system in the pharmaceutical industry. | | | The heavy focus on drug access at the conference does, however, serve as one piece of good news, in spite of the fact that many believe it is “distracting” from other matters (an issue I will deal with later in this article). | | | Others seem to care more about winning New York Times headlines than about the implication of what those newspaper stories will have for the poor. |
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http://vih.diwane.net/a6074
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