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| Â | measures of national income and output |
 | | Measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy. | | | Some of the more common measures are Gross National Product (GNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Net National Product (NNP), and Net National Income (NNI). | | | Income is counted as part of GNP according to who owns the factors of production rather than where the production takes place. |
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http://www.yourencyclopedia.net/Measures_of_national_income_and_output.html
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| Â | Encyclopedia: Gross national income |
| | For more information see measures of national income. | | | GDP differs from gross national product in excluding inter-country income transfers, in effect attributing to a territory the product generated within it rather than the incomes received in it. | | | Aggregate expenditures are calculated in a similar way, although the aggregate expenditures formula does not account for unplanned investment (left over inventory at the end of the reporting cycle) and is more commonly used by economic theorists. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Gross-national-income
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| Â | The roaring gross national income -DAWN - Business; 08 November, 2004 |
| | And yet the national income in both cases be may be under- estimated by the failure of developing countries like Pakistan to update periodically their national accounts on the basis of structural changes in production and pricing of products. | | | According to the World Bank Development Report 2005, Pakistan's gross national income (GNI) was at $306 billion in fiscal year 2003 when calculated on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP).The GNI dropped sharply to $69 billion under the commonly used exchange rate related World Bank Atlas method. | | | With volatility in forex markets triggered by speculation, it is now realized that fluctuating exchange rates are not an appropriate device to arrive at realistic national income estimates. |
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http://www.dawn.com/2004/11/08/ebr4.htm
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| Â | National Income |
| | national income accounting -- the study of the methods of measuring the aggregate output and aggregate income of an economy | | | Outline the income approach for calculating output (national income). | | | Show how the discrepancy between output calculated by the expenditure approach (GDP) and output calculated by the income approach (national income) is reconciled |
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http://people.cedarville.edu/employee/wheelerb/macro/ni/ni.htm
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| Â | national income accounting |
| | Adding up these five categories give us National Income, the income that resources earn in the process of production. | | | Corporate profit includes the amounts that corporations pay in the form of the corporate income tax, the amounts they pay stockholders in the form of dividends, and the amounts they "save" or retain within the business. | | | Adding indirect business taxes and several small items, we arrive at Net National Product or NNP. |
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http://ingrimayne.saintjoe.edu/econ/Connections/Sources.html
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| Â | Swapping sales tax for income tax isn't likely soon - Aug. 11, 2004 |
| | With that, he echoed recent calls by conservative lawmakers, including House Speaker Dennis Hastert of Illinois, to abolish the Internal Revenue Service and replace the national income tax with a flat tax, a tax on retail sales or a tax on all sales, called a value-added tax (VAT). | | | Still, Slivinski agreed that scrapping the income tax and replacing it with a national sales tax was probably a tall order, politically. | | | That means they'd be taxed at the 30-percent rate on their full income, while the wealthy would be taxed only on whatever part of their income they spend. |
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http://www.cnn.com/money/2004/08/11/news/economy/election_tax/index.htm?cnn=yes
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| Â | Tutor2u - measuring national income |
| | National Income is a term used to measure the monetary value of the flow of output of goods and services produced within the economy over a period of time. | | | To measure how much output, spending and income has been generated we use national income accounts. | | | National Output = National Expenditure (Aggregate Demand) = National Income |
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http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/macroeconomy/national_income.htm
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| Â | Bureau of Economic Analysis: National Economic Accounts |
| | 2004 Annual Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts | | | 2003 Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts | | | Profits from current production (corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments) decreased $27.6 billion in the third quarter. |
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http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/dn1.htm
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| Â | Main Features - 5206.0 - Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product |
| | Real incomes payable and receivable are calculated by dividing the nominal income flows by the implicit price deflator for gross national expenditure (GNE). | | | INCOME APPROACH (I) GDP using the income approach is derived as the sum of factor incomes, consumption of fixed capital (depreciation) and taxes less subsidies on production and imports. | | | Household net disposable income is calculated as household gross disposable income less household consumption of fixed capital. |
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http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110122.NSF/mf/5206.0
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| Â | More National Income Accounting |
| | To get from National Income to Disposable Income (DI), which is the income that people can either spend or save, a number of adjustments must be made. | | | However, by deriving a series of other measurements, one can compute how much of GDP is left as spendable income in the private and government sectors, which allows one to construct a "budget constraint" for the economy as a whole. | | | First, that part of corporate profits that never reaches households, retained earnings and corporate taxes, must be deducted. |
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http://ingrimayne.saintjoe.edu/econ/Connections/MoreAccounting.html
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| Â | Tutor2u - the multiplier |
| | This demand-management approach, meant to help overcome a shortage of business capital investment, measured the amount of government spending needed to reach a level of national income that would prevent unemployment. | | | If they in turn, collectively spend about 3/5 of that additional income, then £180m will be added to the incomes of others. | | | For example, a cut in the basic rate of income tax will increase the amount of extra income that can be spent on further goods and services. |
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http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/macroeconomy/multiplier.htm
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| Â | Chapter 5: National Income Accounting (Measuring Output) |
| | For example, when my family goes out to eat, the meal we purchase represents income for the waiter, the restaurant owner, the suppliers, and the sales tax on the meal is income for the government. | | | But spending and income are related in a circular flow: spending by someone becomes income for someone else. | | | The flow between income and spending is demonstrated in figure 5.3 (page 101). |
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http://www.oswego.edu/~edunne/200ch5.html
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| Â | GDP Deflator Calculator |
| | The difference between gross domestic product and national income ($1,892.00) is due to depreciation expense, indirect business taxes (sales and excise taxes), and business transfers to individuals (through donations to the United Way and the like). | | | Both the gross national product and national income measures are used to determine the rate of overall economic growth. | | | Historically, the percentage of national income allocated between labor and the other factors of production has remained relatively constant over the past century. |
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http://www.digitaleconomist.com/nia_4020.html
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| Â | Measures of national income and output - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy. | | | Net National Income (NNI) is NNP minus indirect taxes | | | In relation to greening the national accounts the United States Congressional Budget Office concludes "a gradual process of modifying measures of national economic performance is consistent with the history and development of the national accounts."[1] |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measures_of_national_income_and_output
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| Â | Preliminary estimates of national income and expenditure 1953 to 1958 |
| | 7 tables: 'Gross national product'; 'Personal income and expenditure'; 'Corporate income appropriation account'; 'Revenue account of Central Government including national insurance funds'; 'Current account of local authorities'; 'Combined capital account'; 'Transactions with the rest of the world' | | | Gives preliminary estimates of the national product, income and expenditure of the UK for the calendar year 1958 together with comparable estimates for each of the years 1953 to 1957. | | | Preliminary estimates of national income and expenditure 1953 to 1958 |
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http://www.bopcris.ac.uk/bop1955/ref1459.html
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| Â | National Income |
| | National income includes wages, rents, interest and profits, not only in the form of cash payments, but as income from contributions made by employers to pension funds, income of the self-employed, and undistributed business profits. | | | National Income, strictly, is a money measure of the incomes received or accruing to residents of a country as owners of the agents of production, during a specified period of time. | | | As it stands, this measure of national income is exactly equivalent to what the net production of goods and services would sell for on the market if there were nothing else added to the prices of goods and services; it is therefore a measure of the net value of products measured at factor cost. |
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http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0005625
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| Â | Are We Sustaining Australia? Report Against Headline Sustainabilty Indicators: Value 1: Living Standards and Economic Well-being |
| | Gross national disposable income is equivalent to gross national income plus all secondary income in cash or in kind receivable by resident institutional units from the rest of the world, less all secondary income in cash or in kind payable by resident institutional units to the rest of the world. | | | It is the aggregate value of gross primary incomes for all institutional sectors, including net primary income receivable from non-residents. | | | The data show that per capita disposable income and per capita national income are very similar suggesting that, in general, the impact of transactions with the rest of the world are negligible. |
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http://www.deh.gov.au/esd/national/indicators/report/value1.html
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| Â | NATIONAL ACCOUNTS |
| | Gross national disposable income equals the sum of gross national income and the balance of current transfers with the rest of the world. | | | Gross national income equals the sum of gross domestic product and balance of primary incomes (from labour and capital) with the rest of the world. | | | The main aggregates of the system of national accounts for the year 1995 and 1999-2003 period are shown at current prices, for the year 1995 and 1999-2000 period at 1995 prices and for the 2000-2003 period at constant 2000 prices. |
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http://www.stat.si/letopis/2004/27_04/27-en-04.htm
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| Â | 21. National Income - National income accounting |
| | Home > Learning Materials > Economics > Question Bank > National Income Accounting | | | Suppose that in the country of Betania, the real gross national product in 1987 was £1483 billion (1972 equals 100). | | | In 1988, real gross national product is £1510 billion (1972 equals 100). |
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http://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/qbank/page21.htm
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| Â | NLIHC: Out of Reach, 2003 |
| | Media Contact: Kim Schaffer, National Low Income Housing Coalition, 202-662-1530, kim@nlihc.org. | | | Permission to reprint portions of this report or the data therein is granted, provided appropriate credit is given to the National Low Income Housing Coalition. | | | Established in 1974, the National Low Income Housing Coalition is dedicated solely to ending America’s affordable housing crisis. |
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http://www.nlihc.org/oor2003/
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| Â | Survey of Current Business: National Data.(gross domestic product, national... @ HighBeam Research |
| | Table 1.14.--National Income by Type of Income [Billions of dollars] 2000 1999 National income 7,469.7..... | | | Personal tax and nontax receipts 978.0 1,003.6 1,030.9 1,058.2 Income taxes 968.2 993.7 1,020.8 1,047.9 Nontaxes 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.2 Corporate profits tax accruals 245.7 250.5 249.4..... | | | Personal tax and nontax receipts 261.4 273.6 277.2 284.3 Income taxes 204.6 216.1 219.0 225.4 Nontaxes 36.5 37.0 37.6 38.1 Other 20.3 20.5 20.6 20.7 Corporate profits tax accruals 40.6 41.5 41.2..... |
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http://static.elibrary.com/s/surveyofcurrentbusiness/march012001/nationaldatagrossdomesticproductnationalincomeandp/index.html
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| Â | National Low Income Housing Coalition |
| | Established in 1974, the National Low Income Housing Coalition is dedicated solely to ending America’s affordable housing crisis. | | | The housing voucher program (Section 8) helps 2 million low income families make up the difference between 30% of their income and the cost of modest rent. | | | NLIHC’s top priority is the establishment of a National Housing Trust Fund that would provide communities with funds to build, rehab and preserve 1.5 million affordable homes by the end of the decade. |
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http://www.nlihc.org/
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| Â | Gross National Income - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Previously known as Gross National Product, Gross National Income comprises the total value of goods and services produced within a country (i.e. | | | For example, if a British-owned company operating in another country sends some of their incomes (profits) back to UK, UK’s GNI is enhanced. | | | its Gross Domestic Product), together with its income received from other countries (notably interest and dividends), less similar payments made to other countries. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNI
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| Â | BOX111.DOC |
| | National income, the sum of the above items, is defined as income earned by nationals from current production of goods and services in the economy. | | | Finally, gross national product is obtained by adding income earned domestically by non-residents and repatriated profits of foreign subsidiaries to GNP and subtracting income earned by nationals abroad. | | | National income is significantly lower than GNP at market prices. |
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http://www.tcd.ie/Economics/staff/dmcleese/Web/HW/CH11/BOX111.DOC
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| Â | The Labour Gazette, December 1947, pages: 1866-1870. |
| | Personal income differs from national income in that it excludes all current earnings not paid out to persons, such as, undistributed profits and government trading profits, and includes receipts which have not been earned in the course of current production, that is, transfer payments. | | | Gross national expenditure is defined as the market value of all goods and services produced by the labour, capital, and enterprise of Canadian residents in a year, measured through a consolidated national accounting of the sales of these goods and services, including changes in inventories. | | | These costs include factor costs, that is, the aggregate of national income, as previously defined, and in addition, indirect taxes less subsidies and depreciation and similar business charges. |
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http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/maclabour/RESOURCES/Labour_Gazette/Statistics/40s_Statistics/47-1866.htm
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| Â | Income |
| | Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) | | | Alternative Measures of Income for 2001 and 2002 (Revised) | | | The Changing Shape of the Nation's Income Distribution, 1947-98 (P60-204) |
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http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income.html
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