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| | Currency Areas, Exchange Rate Systems and International Monetary Reform - Robert Mundell |
 | | Monetary union would have been easy immediately after the Hague summit in December 1969 because the European currencies were fixed to the dollar and had converged to dollar variables and therefore one another's; under the Bretton Woods arrangements countries knew that its was dangerous to run budget deficits that would threaten convertibility. | | | But monetary union was not politically possible in the first years and by the time the international monetary system had broken down, in two steps in 1971 and 1973, countries lost their convergence around the dollar. | | | A currency board lets this intervention determine monetary policy, and it works automatically to preserve equilibrium in the balance of payments: a deficit, for example, leads to a contraction of the money supply, which lowers expenditure and corrects the deficit. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/cema2000.html
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| | Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia: Officials laud early 1990s monetary reform as the most successful and ... |
| | Monetary reform in Latvia at the beginning of 1990s has been one of the most successful and fundamental reforms undertaken in the country, the "reformers" themselves claimed on 5 March 2003, at a conference dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the Latvian national currency - the lat. | | | Ivars Godmanis, Prime Minister at the time monetary reform was being carried out, told the conference that it was one of the most fundamental reforms of the beginning of the 1990s, building on other reforms of the time - liberalisation of prices, the launch of privatisation, land reform, and denationalisation. | | | Ojars Kehris, member of the Monetary Reform Committee and Chairman of the Supreme Council's Economic Commission at the time of the reform, said that the stability of the national currency has stimulated many aspects of the national economy. |
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http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en?id=670
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| | The Constitutional Imperative in Reform of the Monetary and Banking Systems of the United States |
| | Politically, America suffers from a thoroughgoing default of the government on its responsibility to maintain a sound and honest monetary and banking order, and its decision instead to employ the old "money-illusion" of inflation as a hidden tax and to connive with special-interest groups to subvert monetary laws for their own predatory purposes. | | | Debate over monetary and banking reform that does not begin with a clear statement and acceptance of this constitutional imperative is, not only uninformed, but also subversive of, the uniquely American system of political economy. | | | Self-evidently, a "run" of this kind would amount to a thoroughgoing "currency substitution,” again pressuring the authorities to reform the monetary and banking systems in a constitutional direction. |
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http://www.fame.org/HTM/Vieira_Edwin_The_Constituion_Imperative_in_the_Reform_of_the_Monetary_EV-003.HTM
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| | The Monetary Reform Act |
| | Alternatively, in a less comprehensive but arguably easier reform, full-reserve banks could be required to keep their reserves in either the form of cash or federal debt securities. | | | Thus, perhaps the most dangerous error of any monetary reform proposal would be to place the lending of money in the hands of the government, which is the essence of communist economics, carrying with it the power to destroy. | | | Therefore, it is essential to monetary stability, and so to reform, as well as to maintaining national sovereignty, that the import and export of capital be kept in balance, so that the domestic money supply be not subject to manipulation nor to fluctuation in quantity, beyond the rule fixed in section 7., above. |
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http://www.themoneymasters.com/monetary.htm
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| | MONETARY REFORM FOR CUBA : IN TRANSITION Ricardo E |
| | This is known as a "fixed exchange regime" and in it the monetary base is determined by the balance of payments in such a way that when the official net foreign reserves increase the monetary base increases and vice versa. | | | For any Monetary Authority (M-Auth) there are three variables of the currency that can be influenced and these are not different from those that anyone can expect of any article or commodity: its price, its quantity and its quality.The component of the nominal quantity or monetary base is under the direct control of the M-Auth. | | | The investment in the Fund and later in the Cboard would provide to all Cuban and willing foreigner participants the unparalleled opportunity to be an active contributor to the recovery phase of the island and to safeguard the national currency and the fiscal policy of the new government officials. |
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http://www.ccsi.com/~calvo/cubaynue.html
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| | ECB: Taxation, tax reform and monetary policy |
| | Secondly, the ECB’s monetary policy decisions are based on a comprehensive analysis of the risks to price stability, compromising of both an economic analysis and a monetary analysis. | | | The monetary analysis reflects our conviction that, in the long-term, inflation is a monetary phenomenon and hence serves mainly to identify longer-term risks to price stability. | | | From this perspective, reforms that lower tax rates should generally reduce distortions in the economy and thus contribute to the efficient allocation of resources and economic growth. |
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http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2005/html/sp050513.en.html
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| | Brown, Constitution or Competition? Alternative Views on Monetary Reform: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | The by-now-mainstream response among monetary economists to the need for reform of the existing currency arrangements is the proposal that a "monetary constitution" be constructed and imposed upon those authorities who are vested with the responsibility for managing the nation's money supply. | | | In either case, the monetary authority is required to manipulate the monetary variable(s) under its immediate control—for the Federal Reserve System this is the sum of currency plus bank reserves—so as to keep the economic "target" variable on track. | | | Where inflationary expectations of market participants underestimate the effects of politically expedient monetary disturbances on the system, the resulting changes in the distribution of wealth and income, and the unanticipated transfers of capital, are an indication that political goals are, by a crude process, being achieved at the expense of economic ends. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/LtrLbrty/brnCCMR1.html
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| | Serbia Info / Facts and Figures / Monetary reform and economic recovery |
| | The chief purpose of this reform was to halt the runaway inflation and stabilize the national currency, to be followed by revitalization of production and a gradual rise in the standard of living. | | | The economic recovery of the country was accompanied by a new tax system which took in the hitherto 'gray economy' that had benefited most from the inflationary taxation of the population at large. | | | The person behind these reforms was Dr. Dragoslav Avramovic, a bank expert with many years of experience in international financial institutions. |
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http://www.serbia-info.com/facts/reform.html
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| | A Proposal for Monetary Reform - Global Policy Forum - Social and Economic Policy |
| | One is toward a common currency, common monetary and fiscal policy, and economic integration. | | | With a common currency, national financial and capital markets, and a single national monetary policy, movements of funds to exploit interest arbitrage or to speculate on exchange rate fluctuations cannot be sources of disturbances and painful interregional adjustments. | | | Second, it may seem that we should welcome an exchange rate regime that increases the potency of monetary policy relative to fiscal policy; after all, monetary policy is the more flexible and responsive instrument of domestic stabilization. |
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http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/glotax/currtax/original.htm
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| | Henry George's Concept of Money and Its Application to 21st Century Monetary Reform -- Concluding Remarks |
| | I’d also suggest that monetary reform comes before free trade; and that if there were both land reform and monetary reform, free trade reform would be almost automatic. | | | Combining monetary reform with land reform will no doubt be considered an extra headache by both Georgists and monetary reformers. | | | Fortunately this is a monetary reform that can reach George’s goal for the nation to control its own money system. |
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http://www.progress.org/2003/moneyz05.htm
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| | Estonica : Economy : The monetary reform as an important determinant of changes |
| | The monetary reform which introduced the Estonian kroon, conducted in June 1992, was a major turning point in economic reform. | | | Estonia had also a relatively high level of inflation after the monetary reform. | | | The establishment of a currency board and the convertibility of the Estonian kroon were introduced. |
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http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?kateg=40&menyy_id=689&alam=81&leht=2
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| | Monetary Reform - Making it Happen |
| | Simultaneous Policy is a general strategic approach, aiming to smooth the path to desirable reforms through their simultaneous implementation by enough countries to overcome the objection that a single country implementing them would risk capital flight and damage to its international competitiveness. | | | Chapter 4 re-emphasises the importance of an international campaign for monetary reform. | | | It will probably be based initially on non-governmental organisations (NGOs) mobilising citizens' interests worldwide, bringing in small businesses and other sectors inadequately served by the present money system, and then spreading to growing numbers of mainstream politicians, political parties, government officials, financial experts and economists. |
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http://cog.kent.edu/lib/RobertsonBunzlMonetaryReform.htm
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| | The American Monetary Institute |
| | The Monetary Reforms: The main focus of this conference - Researchers will describe and make the case for the kind of monetary reforms advocated, presenting both the logical and historical basis for them, and the mechanics of implementing them. | | | An experienced monetary theorist focusing on the debt buildup up in the United States, and using labor as a measure of value. | | | Comment will be invited on a proposed monetary reform bill which attendees will receive in advance. |
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http://www.monetary.org/2005conference.html
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| | EconPapers: Monetary Regimes, Inflation And Monetary Reform: An Essay in Honor of Axel Leijonhufvud |
| | Each monetary regime is associated with a given set of inflationary expectations of the private sector and a pattern of reactions to these expectations by the monetary authorities. | | | Monetary Regimes, Inflation And Monetary Reform: An Essay in Honor of Axel Leijonhufvud | | | Monetary regimes are important because they determine whether countries follow stable or unstable monetary policies and hence have stable or inflationary price levels. |
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http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/rutrutres/199407.htm
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| | article |
| | Sound monetary reform requires the issuance of all money (legal tender) by the State, exclusively; in amounts calculated to stabilize the general price level; without debt obligation to private persons; with all lending to be performed by private legal persons, exclusively; while safeguarding the widespread ownership of private property. | | | So the reform of society and of systems must begin with the reformation of the individual morals of the individual persons who comprise society. | | | Novel reform proposals, such as: computerized barter systems based on market pricing; the creation of new forms of private monies; using bearer certificates tied to inflation-indexed and non-indexed bonds, or futures widely indexed to result in a relatively constant stable price; localized or municipal currencies, now in use in fifty-two U.S. communities (e.g. |
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http://www.themoneymasters.com/article.htm
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| | FRB: Speech, Bernanke--International Monetary Reform and Capital Freedom--October 14, 2004 |
| | According to this view, the advantage of fixing the exchange rate as one element of an anti-inflation program (along with fiscal reforms and other policy changes) is that fixing the rate is more visible, more credible, and easier to explain than a commitment to stabilizing prices directly. | | | In these countries, a hard peg or even the adoption of the currency of a major trading partner--sometimes known as dollarization, although the term also refers to cases in which the currency adopted is one other than the dollar--may be policy options worth considering. | | | According to the International Monetary Fund (2004), for example, inflation-targeting countries are becoming more numerous as countries that fix the exchange rate become fewer. |
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http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2004/20041014
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| | Stable hryvnia greets introduction of monetary reform in Ukraine (09/08/96) |
| | Although pensions and wages were paid out to senior citizens and state sector employees in crisp new hryvni and shiny kopiyky (coins) on Monday morning, workers in the private sector, tourists and foreigners waited in long lines to change karbovantsi and dollars into the new currency. | | | KYIV - The hryvnia, Ukraine's new national currency, debuted on the streets of Kyiv on Monday morning, September 2, but on this first day of the long-awaited monetary reform, many residents combed the city looking for open banks and currency exchanges to trade in their old karbovantsi for the new, multi-colored bills. | | | The government expects to receive a $1.5 billion stabilization fund for the new currency from the International Monetary Fund. |
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http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1996/369602.shtml
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| | Monetary Reform - Mises Institute |
| | If a new stable monetary regime is not established, it is difficult to imagine how the global economy can recover from depressed conditions or achieve increased prosperity. | | | The "architecture" of the international financial system must be overhauled to ensure that future global economic performance is not undermined by currency chaos. | | | Bretton Woods was established near the end of World War II to provide a foundation to encourage international capital flows so that countries could rebuild their economies through foreign investment and world trade. |
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http://www.mises.org/fullstory.aspx?control=116&id=78
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| | Prosperity - Freedom from debt slavery |
| | Money Reform (sometimes called, Monetary Reform) highlights the fact that our economy today is "debt-based", meaning that virtually all money is supplied into the economy as a debt owed to the private banking system. | | | Money Reformers advocate that the virtual Monopoly of Money Creation must be removed from the private banking system and we work to establish a publicly-created supply of debt-free money, created on behalf of the people, by a public body. | | | Money Reformers believe this debt-based money supply is the big issue which governs all the issues. |
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http://www.prosperityuk.com
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| | Monetary, Financial Reform On Agenda at Rome Meeting |
| | Neoliberal reforms in these sectors, in fact, stand on two pillars: so-called "flexibilization" and privatization. | | | To save pensions, Peterlini said, it is therefore indispensable that the world financial and monetary system be reorganized. | | | The motion called on the Italian government to "take the initiative to propose the convocation of a new international conference among heads of state and government... |
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http://www.larouchepub.com/pr/site_packages/2002/july_lar_breakout/2927lar_in_rome.html
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| | The American Monetary Institute |
| | Schedule of Speakers for AMI 2005 Monetary Reform Conference | | | AMI Monetary Reform Conference in Chicago Sept. 29 - Oct. 2, 2005 | | | (S. Zarlenga's speech delivered at the October 2004 Bromsgrove Monetary Conference) |
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http://www.monetary.org
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| | NESARA-A Bill |
| | Monetary and fiscal policy reform that will double the standard of living for every American | | | We must replace current monetary and fiscal policy with systems that benefit all, not just a favored few. | | | The sponsors of this web site offer a new perspective about money and specific proposals for replacing the nation’s outdated monetary and tax policies, all designed to benefit you. |
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http://nesara.org/bill
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| | The International Monetary System |
| | Aliber, Robert Z. The Political Economy of Monetary Reform. | | | Wallich, Henry C. The Failure of International Monetary Reform, 1971–74. | | | A Retrospective on the Bretton Woods System: Lessons for International Monetary Reform. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~ipe/moneybib.htm
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| | Amazon.com: Books: A Tract on Monetary Reform (Great Minds Series) |
| | The Preface of Monetary Reform by John Maynard Keynes is dated October 1923, in a time when there were few economists. | | | Describing the various effects of unstable currency on investors, business people, and wage earners, Keynes (1883-1946) recommends the implementation of policies that aim at achieving stability of the commodity value of the dollar rather than the gold value. | | | Free Banking and Monetary Reform by David Glasner on page 241, Back Matter, and Index |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1573927937?v=glance
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| | [No title] |
| | Reprinted in The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments (eds. | | | "EMU and International Monetary Reform," Paper prepared in honor for the Festschrift of Reimut Jochimsen, June 15, 1998. | | | "Updating the Agenda for Monetary Reform" in Optimum Currency Areas (Mario I. Blejer, Jacob A. Frenkel, Leonardo Leiderman, and Assaf Razin, in cooperation with David M. Cheneyt, eds.). |
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http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/bibliography.html
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| | Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Economics: Financial Economics: Currency and Money: Alternative Monetary ... |
| | British Association for Monetary Reform - The BAMR website contains articles giving the true information about the banking systems, economics, debts, interest rates, world banking and the debt based society that we live in. | | | Prosperity: Freedom from Debt Slavery - Monthly journal on monetary reform and debt-free money promoting the Bromsgrove Group Statement on money reform. | | | Barter - Links to sources of information on barter and a brief account of its history and contemporary relevance. |
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http://dmoz.org/Science/Social_Sciences/Economics/Financial_Economics/Currency_and_Money/Alternative_Monetary_Systems
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| | The Urgent Need for a Comprehensive Monetary Reform |
| | The second institution which brought on us a cycle of "boom and bust" economics was the adoption of a procedure for the creation of "money out of nothing" through a system of fractional banking. | | | The commission promptly left for Europe, and after spending $300,000, returned to write twenty massive volumes extolling the advantages of Europe's central banking system. | | | The Urgent Need for a Comprehensive Monetary Reform |
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http://www.nccs.net/monetary_reform1.html
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| | Tract on Monetary Reform |
| | The first chapter--"The Consequences to Society of Changes in the Value of Money"--may still be the best summary of the many and varied effects of deflation and inflation--on the distribution of income, on economic activity, on attitudes toward risk and reward--ever written. | | | But there is a fourth cost, namely, risk; and the reward of risk-bearing is one of the heaviest, and perhaps the most avoidable, burden on production....[T]he adoption by this country and the world at large of sound monetary principles, would diminish the wastes of Risk, which consume at present too much of our estate. | | | John Maynard Keynes, A Tract on Monetary Reform (London: Macmillan, 1924) |
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http://econ161.berkeley.edu/Econ_Articles/Reviews/monetaryreform.html
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| | Monetary Reform |
| | While endeavouring to discuss all aspects of monetary reform, the Group invites all groups who want a fairer and better society, including a guaranteed income security for all, to press the Four Demands on government. | | | Once that fact is properly recognised (as opposed to being ignored, obfuscated or minimalised), the question arises as to why money should not be issued by government without having interest attached. | | | The Monetary Reform Group addresses itself to all groups wanting to improve society. |
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http://cog.kent.edu/grpMonetaryReform.htm
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| | Parti Action Canadienne / Canadian Action Party Monetary Reform, Free Trade, Globalization, WTO, MAI, Democracy, ... |
| | The Canadian Action Party (CAP) is a federal political party fighting for Canada's independence and promoting monetary, democratic and electoral reform, to restore hope for all Canadians. | | | Parti Action Canadienne / Canadian Action Party Monetary Reform, Free Trade, Globalization, WTO, MAI, Democracy, Banking, Bank of Canada, Nationalism, sovereignty, independence, Genetically Engineered Foods, Environment, Politics, political party, grass roots, electoral reform, elections, social programs, taxation, Canada, Paul Hellyer, health care, education |
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http://www.canadianactionparty.ca
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| | Financial Sector Reform and Monetary Policy in the Netherlands |
| | Financial Sector Reform and Monetary Policy in the Netherlands | | | Receive emails when we post new items of interest to you. | | | Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. |
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http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk&sk=2511.0
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| | Greenwood Publishing Group I1 |
| | Bureaucracy and philosophy are analyzed, along with reform in the banking industry and banking in other countries. | | | This volume demonstrates how monetary and financial organizations in the United States and abroad can be improved through a new addition to traditional monetary policy. | | | This work is full of useful information for the general economist, political scientist, and layman on the complex issue of monetary reform and the positive role cooperation theory can play in this vital process. |
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http://info.greenwood.com/books/0275931/0275931099.html
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| | Reinventing Money.com |
| | Thomas Greco Comments on Creating New Money: A Monetary Reform for the Information Age | | | The focus here is not on monetary REFORM, but on monetary TRANSFORMATION and monetary TRANSCENDENCE. | | | Government of the people, by the people, and for the people, cannot be realized so long as fundamental structures of economics and finance are monopolized. |
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http://www.reinventingmoney.com
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| | Monetary Reform ON-Line - Archives |
| | Articles and information has been selected from back issues of Monetary Reform Magazine and placed in Archives. | | | We hope the information provided will be of benefit to you. | | | Speak your mind in the MR On-Line Forum. |
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http://www.monetary-reform.on.ca/archives/arc.shtml
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| | Monetary Reform, Debt & Usury |
| | We are inviting publishers and booksellers to display and sell books/journals related to economic justice, and in particular to monetary justice. | | | I would be grateful to hear you response to this invitation and to answer any questions you may have. | | | We would like to promote such new books as: Jonathan Bartley's - Subversive Manifesto - lifting the Lid on God's political Agenda, BRF 2003, Antonia Swinson's Root of All Evil? |
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http://www.pathwaysnetwork.co.uk/news/ccmj-031108.htm
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| | BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR MONETARY REFORM |
| | If you, (like most people) know nothing about our monetary system, prepare to be shocked into a state of disbelief by the unbelievable facts, which seriously affect you and yours, presented on this site. | | | A beginners guide to understanding the shocking truth about our iniquitous money system and why it MUST be reformed. | | | Some say that some of the materials to be found on the Internet are quite shocking. |
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http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~bamr1
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