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| | Incomes policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | One variant is "tax-based incomes policies" (TIPs), where a government fee is imposed on those firms that raise prices and/or wages more than the controls allow. | | | (The name arises because this involves control over incomes.) Many or most macroeconomists oppose the use of these controls since they interfere with the price mechanism, encouraging inefficiency: they lead to shortages and declines in the quality of goods on the market, while requiring large government bureaucracies for their enforcement. | | | Incomes polices vary from "voluntary" wage and price guidelines to mandatory controls to price/wage freezes. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incomes_policies
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| | Economics 504 |
| | Incomes policy is a governmental action, other than fiscal and monetary policy, aimed at influencing or controlling the rate of increase in prices, wages, and other forms of income. | | | The use of incomes policy is based on the view that inflation is caused by the exercise of monopoly power by labor unions and firms. | | | The most common incomes policies are wage-price guidelines and controls. |
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http://www.nd.edu/~cwilber/econ504/504book/outln13f.html
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| | CHAPTER 5 INCOME PROTECTION FOR FARMERS |
| | It was the concept of parity income defined as income necessary to maintain the ratio between the purchasing power of the net income per person on farms and that of the income of persons not on farms that prevailed during the five year period August 1909 to July 1914. | | | Income derived from agricultural production is influenced both directly by bringing down the costs of production, and indirectly by creating new sources of income in other sectors of the economy. | | | According to his definition, the income ratio is the relation between the incentive income per man equivalent of a person employed in agriculture and the incentive income per man of the other sectors of the economy. |
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http://www.fao.org/docrep/W7440E/w7440e06.htm
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| | WorldBank: Development Outreach -- Text Only Version |
| | Such incomes are still vastly lower than average incomes in the bottom quintile in a middle-income country such as Korea ($4650) or rich countries like the United States ($5263). | | | Incomes of poor people will typically be increased by better rule of law, more openness to trade, and better macroeconomic management through less inflation and smaller government consumption (Figure 4). | | | Since these policies raise average incomes without much effect on income distribution, they benefit poor people as much as the economy as a whole. |
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http://www1.worldbank.org/devoutreach/summer00/textonly.asp?id=55
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| | Lecture Outline |
| | Waste is the cost of an activist industrial policy in a democratic government. | | | The introduction of a tax-cut structural policy in the early 1980s became politically popular since its strong claims included one that argued that tax cuts would decrease the budget deficit in the short run by increasing revenue. | | | Ideally, an incomes policy is designed to reduce wages and prices in monopolistic sectors. |
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http://www.wright.edu/~rfichten/syllabi/ec203/ec203mat/chap0018/1804outl.htm
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| | NSW HSC ONLINE - Economics |
| | A prices and incomes policy can also be used to support fiscal and monetary policy, keeping budget outcomes, inflation, unemployment and interest rates at targeted levels. | | | Briefly outline the use of an incomes policy as a policy instrument for the Howard Government. | | | A prices and incomes policy includes all actions by the government to influence prices, the working conditions and the incomes of Australians. |
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http://hsc.csu.edu.au/economics/policies_mgt/2485/Topic4Tutorial4.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Policy Choices in an Open Economy In order to explore macroeconomic and trade policies that are pertinent to U. agriculture, it is necessary to look at these policies and events in the context of an open economy. | | | An expansionary fiscal policy (e.g., government spending outpacing government tax revenues) represents an increase in aggregate demand. | | | Current policy discussions indicate that an expansionary fiscal policy is likely to occur over several years through a broad-based personal tax cut. |
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http://www.usda.gov/oce/waob/Archives/2001/speeches/pederson.txt
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| | Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis - The Region - Farm Policy Over Two Centuries (December 1996) |
| | But beyond land disposal and transportation, the government policies that affected farmers most were the same ones that affected all sectors of society: general fiscal and trade policies. | | | This phenomenon, rural discontent fueled by fiscal and monetary policies unfavorable to the rural sector, was to be repeated in the next two centuries. | | | Liberal land transfer policies favored rapid settlement and acted as a social safety valve by allowing lower-income people to become landowners, but, as in colonial days, they also tended to keep commodity and land prices lower than they might have been with a more restrictive approach. |
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http://woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us/pubs/region/96-12/farmpol.cfm?js=0
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| | ILO Labour market policies in Asian countries: Diversity and similarity among Singapore, Malaysia,the Republic of Korea ... |
| | But other policy judgements can be made, such as the decision by the Thatcher government in the 1980s to accept high unemployment as part of the price of suppressing inflation. | | | The Employment Policy Law was passed at the height of the era of rapid economic growth, in 1966. | | | Indeed the ILO agreement on employment policy (1964) and recommendation on employment policy (No. 122), and the OECD board of directors' recommendation on labour policy to promote economic growth (1964) were important factors in its enactment (Endo 1975:9;Endo 1976:85). |
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http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/publ/etp34.htm
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| | Ewald Nowotny, Center for Austrian Studies |
| | Central to modern theories of economic policy and public finance is the attempt to explain economic-policy decisions endogenously on the basis of the economic agents' economic interests, where these interests are viewed within the neoclassical paradigm of individual utility maximization. | | | In this separation model, responsibility for employment is assigned to incomes policy and, thus, to the bargaining parties. | | | The importance of macroeconomic incomes policy would then tend to increase as alternative instruments such as foreign-exchange and interest-rate policies would be available only on a very limited scale. |
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http://www.cas.umn.edu/wp931.htm
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| | EMIRE: IRELAND - INCOMES POLICY |
| | An incomes policy is a strategy to contain pay increases in line with pre-determined criteria, usually related to the needs of macro-economic management. | | | Where incomes policies have been imposed by Government they have tended not to be very successful. | | | The term is often used to describe government strategy, but it is also possible to have voluntary incomes policies agreed by the social partners. |
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http://www.eurofound.eu.int/emire/IRELAND/INCOMESPOLICY-IR.html
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| | TCS: Tech Central Station - Reaganomics in Context |
| | However, Nixon took office at a time when liberal economists had been arguing for more than a decade that inflation could be contained without a recession by using "incomes policies," a euphemism for government interference in wage and price setting. | | | The result, over the next several years, was that the cure was worse than the disease: "incomes policies" made inflation and unemployment higher, not lower. | | | It was under President Carter that the tide began to turn against "incomes policies." In fact, much of the liberal agenda of government intervention in markets was discredited by this point. |
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http://www.techcentralstation.com/060904E.html
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| | Nelson's Development Strategies |
| | The major policy problems it identified were the comparatively high value of the pula, and a relatively high formal sector wage rate; both factors contribute to high rates of unemployment and underemployment. | | | The rewards for policy reform may be disappointing unless some explanation can be found for the lackluster performance of the non-mineral sectors of the Botswana economy. | | | Apart from the dynamic minerals sector, and the sectors benefiting from minerals (government, and wholesale and retail trade), the economy was sluggish. |
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http://www.developmentstrategies.org/ARCHIVES/1990AfricanCapacityBldg/1990Botswana.htm
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| | PKT message, Re: Incomes policies |
| | Incomes policies are typically implemented when labor unions, labor parties, or other non-capitalist political forces are strong -- or in extraordinary circumstances such as Nixon's delinking of the dollar from gold. | | | Now that's okay as far as I'm concerned, but the powers that be (especially the capitalists) would rather not have such questions as income distribution determined in an open way as with incomes policies. | | | Re: Incomes policies, Jim Devine Sat 30 Apr 1994, 16:00 GMT |
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http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pkt/1994m04/msg00136.htm
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| | Tax Policy, Economic Growth and American Families |
| | In one sense, President Clinton's fiscal policies are a continuation of the Bush Administration's fiscal policies -- both administrations sought to reduce the budget deficit by raising taxes. | | | Data show that the wealthy derive a much greater portion of their income from capital investments.[9] Low-income individuals, however, derive most of their income from wages and salaries, which typically decline during recessions. | | | Since economic growth is the only way to truly create jobs and raise incomes, policies that reduce taxes and government intervention are the keys to higher living standards for all Americans. |
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http://www.house.gov/jec/growth/taxpol/taxpol.htm
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| | chapter 4 rev. |
| | The real after tax incomes of those earning more than $200,000 a year (in 95 dollars) quadrupled from $100 billion in 1979 to nearly $400 billion in 1989. | | | The key issues of politics today and of labor's battles --incomes policies, trade, government deficits and taxation, international debt--have their origins in this most recent period. | | | But this loss of some $20 billion was compensated by a $20 billion increase in taxes on workers -- in the form of increases in the social security tax rate, which rose by more than a third. |
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http://www.workersdemocracy.org/files/CHAP4.htm
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| | In the Cause of Labour - Chapter 19 |
| | But, as with all incomes policies under capitalism, the Prices and Incomes Policy was simply a means of boosting profits at the expense of wages, to the particular disadvantage of the low paid. | | | The government, operating on the basis of its incomes policy, attempted to reverse this decline by boosting profits at the expense of workers’ living standards. | | | Wilson, however, was able to sell the incomes policy to a sceptical trade union membership as “a planned growth of wages”. |
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http://www.marxist.com/hbtu/chapter_19.html
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| | Strategy for Socio-Economic Stabilization and Development up to the years 2000 |
| | All occupations that produce income for the worker and benefit society are respected, The State is to provide conditions in terms of system, policies, environment conducive to production and business, and vocational training. | | | Reasonable health care fees are to be levied on patients; health-care allowances for workers and public employees will be incorporated into salaries and wages; at the same time a policy is to be enacted on granting direct allowances to certain eligible recipients. | | | Funds may come from such sources as social foundations, charitable societies, aid from international humanitarian organizations and partly from the State budget. |
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http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_viet/vi_006.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The conclusion of adaptive expectations theory is that expansionary monetary and fiscal policies intended to reduce the unemployment rate are a. | | | Suppose the government shown in Exhibit 10 uses contractionary monetary policy to reduce inflation from 9 to 6 percent. | | | Which of the following government policies is an incomes policy? |
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http://www.swlearning.com/economics/tucker/eft4e/ppt/phillips.ppt
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| | wage and price controls on Encyclopedia.com |
| | America's most controversial peacetime experiment with an incomes policy was during the period 1971-74, when inflation was fueled by the costs of the Vietnam War, the 1973 oil embargo, and the later quadrupling in the world price of oil by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). | | | economic policy measure in which the government places a ceiling on wages and prices to curb inflation. | | | Public administration labor cost forecasting and wage distribution. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/w1/wageN1pri.asp
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| | David Colander |
| | "Tax and Market Based Incomes Policies; The Interface Between Theory and Practice," in Michael Claudon and Richard Cornwall, eds., Incomes Policies for the United States: New Approaches: Martinus Nijhoff, 1980. | | | "Can an Incomes Policy Be Independent of an Investment Policy?" Economic Forum, Winter 1981. | | | "New Approaches in Anti-Inflation Policy": Public Finance, 1981. |
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http://community.middlebury.edu/~colander/Bio/resume_a.htm
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| | EMBASSY OF GREECE: PRESS OFFICE - News Flash |
| | Bank of Greece's governor, Lucas Papademos, on Friday urged for a restraint in the country's incomes and inflation policies, aimed to strengthen economic competitiveness after the adoption of the Euro currency. | | | Papademos noted that it was necessary for businessmen and workers to acknowledge the need for restraint in their billing policy and their demands, respectively. | | | Bank of Greece urges restraint in incomes, inflation policies |
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http://www.greekembassy.org/press/newsflash/2000/June/nflash0617d.html
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| | SSRN-My Policies or Yours: Have OECD Agricultural Policies Affected Incomes in Developing Countries? by Nava Ashraf, ... |
| | Using non-parametric analysis we establish the fact that the majority of poor countries are currently net food importers and have been for the past thirty years. | | | Using the national employment and household consumption and expenditure surveys from Mexico for the period 1991-2000, we examine the implications of a reduction in the price corn on Mexico's corn farmers. | | | SSRN-My Policies or Yours: Have OECD Agricultural Policies Affected Incomes in Developing Countries? |
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http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=716324
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| | David Colander |
| | Like business managers, labor leaders and their economists continue to discuss incomes policies myoptically, in terms of burdens and sacrifices and their distribution. | | | This volume will be a helpful contribution to the public policy debate, especially if it attracts more economists to this important and challenging subject. | | | Certainly we will never have effective incomes policies without presidential leadership of the highest order, and we cannot expect such a commitment in the present ideological mood of the country |
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http://community.middlebury.edu/~colander/Books/book1-3.htm
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| | Plaut |
| | "Reverse Incomes Policies: An Institutional Cure for Inflation," in | | | ization Policy," in S.J. Khoury, ed., Recent Developments in | | | "The Economics of Population Dispersal Policies," Urban Studies, |
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http://www.ceu.hu/econ/economic/plautcv.htm
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