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| | EH.Net Encyclopedia: From GATT to WTO: The Evolution of an Obscure Agency to One Perceived as Obstructing Democracy |
 | | As a result, GATT said almost nothing about the effects of trade (whether trade degrades the environment or injures workers) or the conditions of trade (whether disparate systems of regulation, such as consumer, environmental, or labor standards, allow for fair competition). | | | In 1971, GATT established a working party on environmental measures and international trade, but it did not meet until 1991, after much pressure from some European nations (Charnovitz, 1992, 341, 348). | | | During the first thirty years of GATT's history, the relationship of trade policy to human rights, labor rights, consumer protection, and the environment were essentially "off-stage." This is because GATT's role was limited to governing how nations used traditional tools of economic protection -- border measures such as tariffs and quotas. |
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http://www.eh.net/encyclopedia/?article=aaronson.gatt
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| | Environmental trade sanctions and the GATT: An Analysis of the Pelly Amendment on Foreign Environmental Practises |
| | In recent cases, GATT Panels have assigned the burden to countries whose trade measures are the subject of the complaint. | | | Because of the vagueness of the GATT provisions and the lack of authoritative rulings, it is impossible to provide a definitive answer to the question of Pelly's GATT consistency. | | | Another road a panel might take is to acknowledge the GATT violation, but to state that the trade regime must yield to the environment regime. |
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http://www.highnorth.no/Library/Trade/GATT_WTO/en-tr-sa.htm
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| | The roots of the WTO |
| | Moreover, GATT lives on as "GATT 1994", the amended and up-dated version of GATT 1947, which is an integral part of the WTO Agreement and which continues to provide the key disciplines affecting international trade in goods. | | | GATT's success in reducing tariffs to such a low level, combined with a series of economic recessions in the 1970s and early 1980s, drove governments to devise other forms of protection for sectors facing increased overseas competition. | | | The "GATT 1947" will continue to exist until the end of 1995, thereby allowing all GATT member countries to accede to the WTO and permitting an overlap of activity in areas like dispute settlement. |
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http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ355/choi/wtoroots.htm
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| | GATT-guide |
| | Charnovitz (1992) examines the potential of GATT to limit trade-based implementations in environmental agreements in "GATT and the Environment." In "Free International Trade and Protection of the Environment," Schoenbaum (1992) evaluates the impact of existing GATT provisions and discusses when trade restrictions may be appropriate within environmental agreements. | | | Several provisions and sections of GATT may be relevant to environmental issues, however. | | | In 1992, GATT produced "Trade and the Environment," a report that offered GATT's recommendations on the relationship between international trade and environmental measures. |
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http://www.ciesin.org/TG/PI/TRADE/gatt.html
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| | iia1a3 - WTA /WTO and GATT Uruguay 1994 |
| | During the implementation period, notwithstanding the provisions of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("Subsidies Agreement"): | | | The provisions of the GATT 1994 and of other Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1A to the WTO shall apply subject to the provisions of this Agreement. | | | Where measures are taken in conformity with paragraphs 1 through 7 above, Members undertake not to have recourse, in respect of such measures, to the provisions of Article XIX:1(a) and XIX:3 of the GATT 1994 or paragraph 17 of the Agreement on Safeguards. |
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http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/wta.1994/iia1a3.html
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| | GATT |
| | Technically, GATT was viewed as an agreement under the provisions of US Reciprocal Trade Act of 1934, and hence did not require approval of Congress. | | | GATT has enjoyed a membership of over 100 countries and generated about 85-90% of world trade. | | | In May 1987, the GATT established the Working Party on China's Status |
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http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ355/choi/gatt.htm
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| | From the GATT to the WTO |
| | The GATT survived, but remained intact only due to the Protocol of Provisional Application of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade which was concluded in 1947 and which entered into force in 1948. | | | This lack of detail within the agreement has created increasing difficulties as the GATT membership and roles governing trade between so many of the world's nations have grown. | | | ECOSOC convened a conference, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment in 1946 to consider the UK and U.S. proposals. |
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http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/intl/guides/gattwto/print.html
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| | International Environmental Affairs |
| | The GATT is generally interpreted as allowing border adjustments for taxes on products, but not for taxes on processes (For example, an effluent tax). | | | What the [GATT] rules do constrain is attempts by one or a small number of countries to influence environmental policies in other countries not by persuasion and negotiation, but by unilateral reductions in access to their markets. | | | Although both the Tuna-Dolphin decision and the GATT Report attempt to distinguish between a nation's own environment and the rest of the world's environment, this segregation is unhelpful in dealing with natural resources not located in any country's jurisdiction (for example, the ozone layer) or with resources that migrate (for example, birds). |
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http://www.ciesin.org/docs/008-061/008-061.html
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| | NAFTA and GATT - Intellectual Property Issues |
| | Even countries that are not yet part of GATT, such as China, Russia and Taiwan have amended their laws, at least partially, as required. | | | Organizationally, the most important change from the old GATT organization is the establishment of a binding dispute settlement procedure. | | | Thus, for example, Poland, Hungary, the Andean Pact countries and Thailand have all amended their laws over the past few years in light of the GATT requirements. |
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http://www.ladas.com/BULLETINS/1994/NAFTAGATT.html
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| | A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --G-- |
| | Technically an agreement rather than a chartered body, the GATT evolved a life of its own, with a secretariat in Geneva and a list of members that by 1995, the last year of its existence, had grown to 128 and accounted for some 90% of world trade. | | | Both the EC and the USA tend to claim credit for the success of the GATT, hinting that the other party is more protectionist than it admits: and in the 1960s - and again in the 1980s - concern over a 'Fortress Europe' undoubtedly spurred US support for the general liberalisation of trade. | | | For a fuller account, see World Trade Organisation, the body that superseded the GATT in 1995. |
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http://www.euro-know.org/dictionary/g.html
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| | MM -- Ocotober 1994 |
| | The figure of choice for most GATT fans in the Clinton administration, for example, is that approval of the Uruguay Round would yield $1 trillion in additional growth in the U.S. gross national product over the next 10 years. | | | MM: Proponents of GATT claim it will spur growth, citing, for example, the joint study published by the OECD and the World Bank which states that the application of the GATT proposals would increase world income by $213 billion a year. | | | Weber are paid for their co-chairmanship of GATT Now and that they were asked by the Clinton administration to work with a consortium of businesses seeking GATT legislative approval," Lewis responded in a reply letter. |
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http://www.essential.org/monitor/hyper/mm1094.html
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| | DSB: INDIA WINS LANDMARK EU-GSP CASE |
| | Paragraph 2(a) of the Enabling Clause calls for the establishment of "nonreciprocal and non-discriminatory preferences" under GSP schemes, while paragraphs 3(a) and 3(c) require that preferences be designed to "facilitate and promote the trade of developing countries" and "respond positively to the development, financial and trade needs of developing countries". | | | The MFN obligation requires every WTO Member to extend any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted to imports from any single Member to be automatically extended to all other Members. | | | In a landmark ruling on 28 October, a WTO panel upheld an Indian complaint against provisions under the EU's Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) scheme that grant developing countries combating illicit drug production additional trade preferences. |
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http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-11-07/story1.htm
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| | Paper: Fifty Years of the GATT/WTO: Lessons from the Past for Strategies for the Future |
| | The final key variable in the successful management of the GATT regime was leadership, usually exercised most visibly by the United States. | | | Tradeoffs across issue-areas are required to meet the needs of the ever-growing number of country participants, and to induce a critical mass to sign on. | | | We can only do so if we learn the lessons of this enormously fruitful period of global cooperation, draw the appropriate lessons for the future, and proceed courageously to implement those conclusions. |
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http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/bergsten0498.htm
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| | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (usually abbreviated GATT) functions as the foundation of the WTO trading system, and remains in force, although the 1995 Agreement contains an updated version of it to replace the original 1947 one. | | | In general, each of these agreements bound the members to reduce certain tariffs, with many special-case treatments of individual products, and in many cases with exceptions and modifications for each country. | | | Reduced tariffs and export subsidies, reduced other import limits and quotas over the next 20 years, agreement to enforce patents, trademarks, and copyrights (TRIPS), extending international trade law to the service sector (GATS)and open up foreign investment. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATT
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| | LLRX.com - Update to WTO/GATT Research |
| | Full-text of trade agreements between countries of the Western Hemisphere; dispute settlement documents and reports from the FTA, NAFTA, GATT 1947, and GATT 1994; and documents of selected commercial arbitration bodies. | | | Because these reports tend to be very long, but all published sources keep the official paragraph numbering, it may also be advisable to include pinpoint citations to the paragraph numbers. | | | The package included the Agreement Establishing the WTO ("WTO Agreement") and the agreements annexed to it (the GATT 1994, the GATS, the TRIPS agreement, etc). |
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http://www.llrx.com/features/wto2.htm
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| | Free Trade by Any Means: How the Global Free Trade Alliance Enhances America's Overall Trading Strategy |
| | During the 50-plus years under GATT (and later the WTO), trade barriers have been reduced substantially, with a commensurate increase in global economic growth both in developed countries and in developing countries that embraced trade liberalization. | | | Moreover, the large membership and rules that require adopting changes through consensus mean that negotiations in the WTO are difficult, slow, and often avoid controversial aspects of trade liberalization. | | | Following this hard lesson, America has been a proponent of free trade, including being a founding member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade after World War II and driving the major efforts to liberalize global trade. |
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http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/bg1786.cfm
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| | WTA /WTO and GATT Uruguay 1994 |
| | Relationship with the balance-of-payments provisions of the GATT 1994 and the GATS | | | ANNEX 3 - All Other Entities which Procure in Accordance with the Provisions of this Agreement | | | World Trade Agreement 1994 (establishing the WTO and including GATT Uruguay 1994) |
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http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/wta.1994/index.html
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| | GATT code of valuation yet to be adopted -DAWN - Business; 25 January, 2005 |
| | Accordingly the CBR should have adopted the GATT Code of Valuation and should have started assessing the value of imported goods under Article XII of the code on transactional values. | | | KARACHI, Jan 24: In place of invoice based valuation of imported goods the customs authorities in Pakistan are continuing with notional valuation method to determine the rate and amount of duty liable on imports. | | | Contrary to this the GATT Code of Valuation which is invoice-based bound the customs officials to impose duties on declared value. |
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http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/25/ebr5.htm
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| | Digitally recording GATT for posterity |
| | "One of the amazing things about the GATT and the WTO, both in appearance and in practice, is that they have not been archetypes of transparency," Angiletta said. | | | Operating on a slim budget, the GATT did not maintain an archive or routinely declassify documents -- ranging from everyday internal correspondence to highly sensitive informal tariff discussions. | | | The agreement would allow the Stanford team to work on site for six weeks while the WTO was on summer recess. |
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http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2003/october15/gattstory-1015.html
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| | LLRX -- Revised Guide to International Trade Law Sources on the Internet |
| | Of particular interest are the dispute settlement commentaries (by subscription only). These documents summarize and provide detailed analysis of all WTO Panel and Appellate Body Reports. This site also provides links to governmental submissions in NAFTA and WTO dispute. | | | Texts of Trade Agreements (Foreign Trade Information Center, OAS). This is an excellent collection of trade agreements between countries in the Western Hemisphere (both bilateral and multilateral). Many of documents are available in English, French, and Spanish. | | | Many of the organizations or secretariats for important trade agreements have created web sites aimed at providing information about specific trading arrangements. If you cannot locate a specific trade agreement below, be sure to also check some of the collections mentioned above. |
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http://www.llrx.com/features/trade3.htm
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| | GATT Trademark Provisions |
| | GATT has extended this two-year period to three years, effective January 1, 1996. | | | Not only will this provision work to the advantage of a current registrant, but it will also supplement an advantage held by non-United States applicants. | | | Countries other than the United States will be required to change their laws to a) provide to registration of service marks, b) improve protection for marks that are well-known internationally, c) forbid mandatory linking of trademarks, and d) prevent compulsory licensing of marks. |
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http://www.patent-it.com/gatttm.html
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| | WorldTradeLaw.net - Uruguay Round Agreements |
| | Understanding on Balance-of-Payments Provisions of the GATT 1994 | | | Antidumping Agreement (Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994) | | | Customs Valuation Agreement (Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of the GATT 1994) |
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http://www.worldtradelaw.net/uragreements
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| | Opponents mock WTO Web site with their version |
| | It doesn't even come up when "GATT" (short for General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, a predecessor to the WTO) is entered. | | | A site called rtmark.com claims credit for the "gatt" site. | | | The fake doesn't come up when "WTO" is entered in most major engines, while the WTO's site does. |
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http://www.seattlep-i.com/business/cyb30.shtml
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| | ASIL Electronic Resource Guide |
| | Final text of the GATT Uruguay Round Agreements, including the agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) signed on April 15, 1994. | | | Links for dispute settlement resolutions (http://www.sice.oas.org/disputee.asp) include panel reports and rulings from the Andean Community, GATT, NAFTA, and the WTO. | | | WTO and GATT Panel decisions, WTO decisions from 1995; GATT decisions 1948-1994. |
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http://www.asil.org/resource/iel1.htm
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| | Stanford Copyright & Fair Use - Primary Materials |
| | GATT 1994 (including the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property) | | | Amendments to US Law from Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) implementing the General Agreement on Tariffis and Trade (GATT) |
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http://fairuse.stanford.edu/primary_materials
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| | U.S. Copyright Office - Notices of Restored Copyrights |
| | The Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) of 1994 implements the Uruguay Round General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which includes an agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS). | | | For titles of restored works filed in the Copyright Office and published in the Federal Register, search published lists here: |
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http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/gatt.html
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| | World Trade Organization (WTO) |
| | The WTO transformed the GATT, which focused primarily on tariff and quotas, into a new global commerce agency with the same legal status as the United Nations. | | | The World Trade Organization was established in 1995 following the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations. | | | Rather than reform its practices, Mexico sued the US and succeeded in having the law declared illegal under GATT rules, under the pretext that the way in which a product is produced may not be used as grounds for trade discrimination. |
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http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/WTO_MAI/The_WTO.html
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| | US CODE: Title 19,3501. Definitions |
| | The term “GATT 1994” means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade annexed to the WTO Agreement. | | | The term “HTS” means the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. | | | Schedule XX The term “Schedule XX” means Schedule XX—United States of America annexed to the Marrakesh Protocol to the GATT 1994. |
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http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/19/3501.html
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| | wedding photography Melbourne, wedding photographers, Carl Gatt Photography |
| | Keith and Pat are keen to offer helpful advice, and to assist couples who wish to do so, to design their own photography packages to suit their budgets and individual tastes. | | | Established over 50 years ago by Master Photographer Carl Gatt, Carl Gatt Photography has always been a family-owned and operated business. | | | Keith is a graduate of R.M.I.T. in Illustrative Photography and has over thirty years of professional experience, including a period of teaching at R.M.I.T. in its élite photography course. |
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http://www.carlgattphotography.com.au
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| | US unwilling to remove textile quotas |
| | In the recent years, the sped-up globalization process has led to a severely unbalanced trade system and transfer of contradictions to developing countries by developed countries. | | | The GATT talks reached an agreement 10 years ago which decided to fully erase the quota system after a 10-year transition and the textile industry would usher in a new era of liberal trade afterwards. | | | It is estimated that due to the quota system, developing countries as textile exporters suffer as much as 3 billion USD losses annually. |
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http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-04/04/content_320441.htm
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| | Asia Times - Asia's most knowledgable news source |
| | Thus, facts indicate that irrespective of the consequences of the multilateral process of trade liberalization, regional agreements have a logic of their own that will continue. | | | Article 24 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that preceded the WTO and the "enabling clause" takes cognizance of the circumstances in which member countries can form free trade areas or customs unions. | | | Despite all the positives associated with a body like the WTO, it does have certain limitations. |
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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/EJ17Dj01.html
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| | Hoover Essay in Public Policy - Democratizing the World Trade Organization |
| | The WTO was created in 1995, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). | | | The GATT was organized after World War Two, at the instigation of the United States. | | | One of the main differences between the WTO and the GATT is the WTO& tougher dispute settlement mechanism (individual countries can longer veto the dispute panel’s ruling). |
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http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/publications/epp/105/105b.html
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| | GATT-WTO Cites - UofM Law School |
| | • In the Marrakesh Declaration and the Final Act, the parties to the Uruguay Round negotiations agreed to submit the Agreement Establishing the WTO ("WTO Agreement") and the annexed agreements, including the Agreement Establishing the WTO, the GATT 1994, the TRIPS agreement, etc., to their respective governments for ratification. | | | The Rule’s examples include the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round..., the TRIPS Agreement, and the 1947 GATT agreement. | | | GATT and WTO Dispute Panel reports (Panel Reports, Appellate Body Reports) |
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http://www.law.umn.edu/library/tools/pathfinders/GATT-WTOcites.html
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| | The Dean Dilemma - Newsweek Campaign 2004 - MSNBC.com |
| | Dean was for NAFTA and GATT, but now opposes any further free-trade agreements unless they have higher labor and environmental standards. | | | He once thought it might be wise to raise the retirement age to protect Social Security; now he rules that out. | | | Years ago he was a supporter of Jimmy Carter's against the insurgency of Sen. Ted Kennedy and was, therefore, on the pro-business side of the party; now Dean rails against Carter's political descendants in the Democratic Leadership Council. |
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http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3869798
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| | Asia Times - |
| | The Nepalese had been waiting 14 years for their chance, after lodging an application with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the WTO's predecessor. | | | In the process they became the first least-developed countries to join since the WTO was established in 1995, although 29 other LDCs, including Bangladesh and Myanmar, were transferred automatically from the GATT after it was eclipsed by the WTO. | | | A reworking of the WTO's rules, with ostensibly more lenient eligibility criteria, was needed before Nepal and Cambodia could win acceptance as the inaugural members under this new era of tolerance. |
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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/EI30Ae02.html
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| | WTO legal texts - the WTO agreements |
| | Decisions and declarations on anti-dumping (GATT Article VI) and subsidies and countervailing measures adopted by the Trade Negotiations Committee on 15 December 1993 | | | The original agreement dealing with trade in goods, now incorporated into GATT 1994 (see above) | | | Decision on review of Article 17.6 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement |
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http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/legal_e.htm
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| | The Hindu : Business / Briefly : Access to GATT documents on net |
| | The Hindu : Business / Briefly : Access to GATT documents on net | | | GENEVA: : The World Trade Organisation welcomes the launch by Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources (SULAIR) of a website to permit public access to de-restricted documents of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the predecessor of the WTO, according to a release. | | | The addition of GATT documents from 1947 to 1994 on the SULAIR website will be a complement to the WTO collection, adds the release. |
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http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/28/stories/2005042804141700.htm
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| | YesMen |
| | A recent spoof was the creation of Gatt.org. | | | The GATT was the predecessor of the World Trade Organization and at first glance the website ®TMark created at the domain looks official. | | | In early 2000, ®TMark transferred Gatt.org to a group of brilliant impostors known as The Yes Men. |
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http://www.complacent.org/thought/yesmen.html
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| | CFP 2004 / Computer Freedom & Privacy Conference |
| | He also served as consultant to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris and on several occasions to various Departments of the Canadian Government. | | | Gervais was successively Head of Section at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Legal Officer at the GATT (now the World Trade Organization) and Vice-President, International of Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), the world's largest reproduction right organization (RRO), based in Danvers, Massachusetts. | | | He was also named Trilateral Distinguished Scholar for 2004 by Michigan State University's Detroit College of Law. |
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http://www.cfp2004.org/program/speakers.html
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| | GATT Digital Library: Welcome |
| | Further your research, teaching, and general education related to the GATT and its successor organization World Trade Organization (WTO). | | | This site provides access to documents and information of and about the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), an organization that promoted international commerce and the reduction of trade barriers among member states from 1947-1994. | | | World Trade Organization and has been made possible in part through a grant from the Institute for Museum and Library Services, an independent US Federal agency supporting a range of preservation and access programs. |
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http://gatt.stanford.edu
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| | World-class - Oct. 22, 2003 |
| | They were cited for playing "crucial and complementary roles and developing the theoretical and practical bases for a world that benefits all people." Walden and Nicky have been active in fighting the WTO version of "globalization" and been offering alternative models for true globalization instead. | | | No small feat in a country that would rather debate whether the Brunei beauties should be banned or not. | | | He fired up the popular imagination in 1995 when he challenged then-secretary of trade and industry Rizalino Navarro and a couple of ardent defenders of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to a public debate, three against one. |
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http://www.inq7.net/opi/2003/oct/22/opi_csdequiros-1.htm
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| | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - Wikipedia |
| | GATT ist die Abkürzung für englisch General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (deutsch: Allgemeines Zoll- und Handelsabkommen). | | | Bei Streitigkeiten in Handelsfragen sieht das GATT eine Streitschlichtung vor. | | | Einige Globalisierungskritiker gehen davon aus, dass durch einen liberalisierten Welthandel diese Ziele nicht erreicht werden können, sondern durch die Maßnahmen des GATT gerade das Gegenteil erreicht wird. |
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http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATT
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| | Guardian Unlimited Sport Special reports Fresh spin on history as new magician cons Gatt |
| | Even now, Australia's coach John Buchanan is rumoured to be scouring scrap-metal merchants pleading with them to knock together a convincing version of Ashley Giles so that they can learn how to get a bat on him before Trent Bridge. | | | How I saved Gary Pratt from a life down the toilet | | | After all, he was only intermittently seen this summer on his Lord's Taverners Ashes walk, thereby becoming the first sportsman to complete a sponsored walk by proxy. |
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http://sport.guardian.co.uk/ashes2005/story/0,15993,1548269,00.html
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| | GATT und WTO |
| | Außerdem wurde der Weltagrarhandel nicht in das GATT integriert. | | | So wurde ein Schiedsgericht zur Beilegung von Handelskonflikten (Dispute Settlement Body) eingesetzt. | | | Formal ist es lediglich ein multilaterales Handelsabkommen, das jedoch im Laufe seiner Entwicklung den Rang einer autonomen internationalen Organisation errungen hat. |
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http://www.unister.de/Unister/wissen/sf_lexikon/ausgabe_stichwort2619_77.html
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| | Toni Solo: Misreporting Venezuela |
| | Also of note is that O'Reilly shares philanthropic concerns through the Ireland Fund with fellow fund member Peter Sutherland, former GATT and World Trade Organization chief, also chairman of oil giant BP-Amoco.1 It's unlikely their corporate philantropy extends to Hugo Chavez, the Venezuelan president. |
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http://www.counterpunch.org/solo03252004.html
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| | Eric Reinhardt's Data Page |
| | The countries included are participants in any GATT dispute, usually with filled-in observations only for the years surrounding its dispute involvement. | | | Eric Reinhardt, Tying Hands without a Rope: Rational Domestic Response to International Institutional Constraints, prepared for delivery at the Conference on the Interaction of International and Domestic Institutions, Boulder, CO, June 4-5, 1999. | | | Most of the cases and many of the variables were obtained (and heavily processed and supplemented) from an original data file compiled by Robert Hudec, published in hard copy as Robert Hudec, Enforcing International Trade Law: The Evolution of the Modern GATT Legal System (Salem, NH: Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1993), Appendix. |
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http://userwww.service.emory.edu/%7Eerein/data/Index.html
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