|
| |
| | Letter to Minister of Finance on foreign reserves |
 | | The costs of holding reserves are largely determined by the level of foreign reserves and the difference between the costs of borrowing and investing. | | | That is, the foreign reserves are held in anticipation of a crisis, with the annual cost of this funding similar to the insurance premium we are prepared to pay to cover the costs of any potential damage. | | | In terms of the funding of additional reserves, from an economic perspective, an increase in the level of foreign reserves does not materially affect the level of net government debt because the debt raised will be invested in liquid foreign currency assets (which offsets the debt raised). |
|
http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/finmarkets/foreignreserves/intervention/0144001.html
|
|
| |
| | Foreign exchange reserves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Foreign exchange reserves are the foreign currency deposits held by national banks of different nations. | | | The countries with the largest foreign reserves are Japan ($844 billion, June 2005), China ( Mainland $711 billion, Republic of China (Taiwan) $254 billion, Hong Kong $122 billion, June 2005), the Republic of Korea ($205 billion, June 2005), Russia ($150 billion, June 2005), India ($139 billion, June 2005) and Singapore ($116 billion, May 2005). | | | By printing local currency and then exchanging it for a foreign currency, central banks increase the supply of the home currency on the foreign exchange markets. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserves_of_foreign_exchange
|
|
| |
| | FSF: Management of gold and other foreign reserves |
| | Changes in the net gold and other foreign reserves can therefore be calculated as the sum of exports of goods and services minus imports of goods and services, plus the net long-term capital inflow and the net short-term capital inflow, which are not related to reserves. | | | The main purpose of holding foreign reserves is for these reserves to serve as ultimate settlement for a country's transactions with the rest of the world. | | | This so-called reserve tranche position may be used to finance a balance of payments deficit. |
|
http://www.finforum.co.za/ecpolicy/gfxconts.htm
|
|
| |
| | Guidelines for Foreign Exchange Reserve Management |
| | Reserve management is a process that ensures that adequate official public sector foreign assets are readily available to and controlled by the authorities for meeting a defined range of objectives for a country or union. | | | For discussion purposes, the term reserve management entity is used throughout this paper to refer to the entity that is responsible for reserve management, and the term reserve manager is used to refer to the specific area within the entity that performs the actual reserve management function. | | | Reserve management should seek to ensure that: (i) adequate foreign exchange reserves are available for meeting a defined range of objectives; (ii) liquidity, market, and credit risks are controlled in a prudent manner; and (iii) subject to liquidity and other risk constraints, reasonable earnings are generated over the medium to long term on the funds invested. |
|
http://www.imf.org/external/np/mae/ferm/eng
|
|
| |
| | How Big are Russia's Foreign Exchange Reserves? |
| | Foreign liabilities on the balance sheet exceed the IMF loan to the Finance Ministry exactly by the amount of the IMF loan to the Central Bank. | | | Foreign currency and securities were depleted to $0.4 billion. | | | Another way to calculate net domestic assets is to take gross domestic assets (total assets minus foreign assets) and subtract all domestic liabilities (total liabilities minus foreign liabilities), equity, and the net of other items. |
|
http://www.russianeconomy.org/comments/091100.html
|
|
| |
| | Foreign reserves raise rate cut hopes |
| | The net open foreign currency position - the Bank's forward book less its net gold and foreign reserves - fell by 0.7-billion to 14.9billion as a result. | | | The use of foreign credit lines was up to R19.7-billion from R17.7-billion at the end of September. | | | INCREASED short-term foreign borrowings - mainly to build up liquidity in preparations for Y2K and a 2% rand decline - produced better than expected foreign reserves figures in October. |
|
http://www.btimes.co.za/99/1107/news/news03.bt
|
|
| |
| | Foreign reserves increase by $250m in Q1 of 2002 |
| | Touqan said this increase was registered despite the payment of $170 million as interest and instalments on foreign loans and the payment of around $1 billion for imports of goods and services during the same period. | | | The Central Bank reserves of foreign currencies have grown by $250 million during the first four months of 2002. | | | Touqan told The Jordan Times in an interview that these indicators include the volume of exports, the volume of foreign reserves at the Central Bank and preliminary economic growth figures. |
|
http://www.jordanembassyus.org/04302002002.htm
|
|
| |
| | ECB: Foreign reserves |
| | Guideline of the ECB of 3 February 2000 on the management of the foreign reserve assets of the ECB by the national central banks and the legal documentation for operations involving the foreign reserve assets of the ECB (ECB/2000/1) | | | Guideline of the ECB of 16 November 2001 amending Guideline ECB/2000/1 on the management of the foreign reserve assets of the ECB by the national central banks and the legal documentation for operations involving the foreign reserve assets of the ECB (ECB/2001/12) | | | Guideline of the ECB of 11 March 2005 amending Guideline ECB/2000/1 on the management of the foreign reserve assets of the ECB by the national central banks and the legal documentation for operations involving the foreign reserve assets of the ECB (ECB/2005/6) |
|
http://www.ecb.int/ecb/legal/1001/1011/html/index.en.html
|
|
| |
| | Foreign reserves totaled $817.95 billion in June |
| | Of the deposits, $6.31 billion was held in foreign central banks and the Basel-based Bank for International Settlements, $51.69 billion in Japanese banks and $82.51 billion in foreign banks. | | | The nation's foreign-exchange reserves totaled $817.95 billion in June, up $1.10 billion from the previous month due to investment returns from foreign bonds, mainly U.S. Treasuries, the Finance Ministry said Wednesday. | | | The absence of foreign-exchange intervention caused "a slight drop" in the reserves for June, but that was more than offset by investment returns from foreign bonds, as was the case for May, a ministry official told reporters. |
|
http://www.benadorassociates.com/pf.php?id=5753
|
|
| |
| | Burgeoning Foreign Exchange Reserves |
| | Given the fact that burgeoning forex reserves are not going to be used in productive purposes, it is high time that the Indian authorities revise their plans on management of forex reserves and take necessary steps to tame such financial inflows that could destabilize the entire financial system. | | | For the policy makers and advocates of economic liberalization, the burgeoning forex reserves indicates an increasing confidence of the foreign investors in the Indian economy as well as sound macroeconomic management. | | | In order to deal with the problem of burgeoning forex reserves and the appreciation of the rupee, the Indian authorities have recently announced several policy measures aimed at liberalization of the capital account. |
|
http://www.ased.org/artman/publish/article_440.shtml
|
|
| |
| | Grandfather Foreign Trade & Debt Report - summary page - by MWHodges |
| | foreign reserves backing up each of their children than we have backing ours, and their lead is increasing as the U.S. continues with massive trade deficits and record high internal private sector debt ratios, with nil savings. | | | Foreigners now own more and more of America - - about $9 trillion of U.S. financial assets, including 13% of all stocks, 13% of agencies, and 27% of corporate bonds, according to Gillespie Research. | | | This 25+ year period of rapid debt growth (and rapid growth of trade deficits) was also a period of relatively stagnant inflation-adjusted median family income growth according to the Family Income Report chapter. |
|
http://mwhodges.home.att.net/reserves.htm
|
|
| |
| | Foreign reserves |
| | Data providing information on New Zealand's external position, including international reserves and foreign currency liquidity, selected account positions at the IMF and the liabilities owed by New Zealand residents to non-residents arising from the acquisition of foreign financial resources and/or goods and services. | | | How we balance the factors involved in foreign reserves management and the framework we use to manage the risks associated with our foreign reserves operation. | | | The Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act enables the Reserve Bank to intervene in the foreign exchange market and requires the Reserve Bank to hold foreign exchange reserves to provide the capacity to intervene. |
|
http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/finmarkets/foreignreserves
|
|
| |
| | China's foreign exchange reserves |
| | At the start of the reform era at the end of 1978, China's foreign exchange reserves were minimal, but enough to cover the requirements of a country with a very small import bill. | | | By 1993 the trade and current accounts were in deficit, but the acceleration in inward FDI flows kept foreign exchange reserves rising for most of the rest of the decade. | | | High trade deficits in 1985 and 1986 eroded the reserves in those years. |
|
http://www.chinability.com/Reserves.htm
|
|
| |
| | NewsFromRussia.Com Russia's foreign reserves to have larger euro share |
| | According to a statement issued by the department of foreign and public relations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the bank has increased the share of the euro in the so-called two-currency basket of currencies of the foreign reserves to 20%. | | | Russia's foreign minister criticized the European Union's foreign policy chief for comments on Kyrgyzstan's political crisis, saying they could be exploited by the opposition to increase tensions, a ministry statement said Wednesday. |
|
http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2005/03/23/58778.html
|
|
| |
| | RGE - One number to watch |
| | The global increase in reserves was roughly $700b; and, after netting out roughly $80 b in valuation gains from the shift in the euro/ dollar, a 2/3 dollars, 1/3 euros and others distribution gives you a dollar reserve increase of 400b. | | | In 2003, the global increase in dollar reserves was $441 billion (actually $486 billion, including the reserves China used to recapitalize two state banks). | | | Mortgage financing is to consumer spending what reserve accumulation is to US commercial and balance of payment deficits. |
|
http://www.roubiniglobal.com/setser/archives/2005/02/one_number_to_w.html
|
|
| |
| | Foreign reserves - Feb.2000 |
| | The National Bank of Romania is further striving to strengthen reserve assets and ensure timely repayment of the foreign public debt service. | | | Under the conditions of full servicing of the external public debt, the NBR’s foreign reserves totalled USD 1,565.2 million at end-February 2000. | | | The gold stock stayed at 103.5 tons, but owing to developments in the price of gold on foreign markets, its value rose to USD 978.6 million, leaving the NBR’s foreign reserves (gold included) at over USD 2.5 billion. |
|
http://www.bnro.ro/en/Press/2000/E20000306r.htm
|
|
| |
| | GN Online: UAE's foreign reserves slip slightly |
| | IMF figures showed UAE's foreign assets were also strong at the end of March although they shrank to around Dh49.5 billion from Dh52.47 billion at the end of 2001. | | | From around $14.14 billion at the end of 2001, the country's total reserves minus gold receded to nearly $13.39 billion at the end of March, the figures showed. | | | Despite their decline, the reserves are nearly double their level at the end of 1995, when they stood at $7.4 billion, IMF's International Financial Statistics showed. |
|
http://www.gulf-news.com/Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=62077
|
|
| |
| | Forbes.com: Report: China's Foreign Reserves Fall |
| | The Chinese government won't disclose the composition of its foreign reserves, but acknowledges that most are in U.S. Treasury bills and other dollar assets. | | | The bank "is slowly diversifying its FX (foreign-exchange) reserves away from U.S. dollars," said the report, written by London-based analyst Shruti Sood. | | | China's has the world's second-largest foreign currency reserves after Japan, with the equivalent of nearly US$610 billion (euro470 billion) at the end of 2004. |
|
http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/ap/2005/03/11/ap1878397.html
|
|
| |
| | EconPapers: Managing New Zealand's foreign reserves |
| | Much of this article is about how we balance these considerations and about the framework used to manage the risks associated with our foreign reserves operation. | | | It also discusses our active management approach, undertaken with the objectives of reducing the risk-adjusted cost of holding reserves and enhancing our understanding of financial markets, and the relevant statutory provisions governing foreign exchange intervention and reserves. | | | Holding reserves involves balancing a number of factors. |
|
http://econpapers.repec.org/article/nzbnzbbul/december2002_3A2.htm
|
|
| |
| | Nation - Foreign reserves continue to rise |
| | The foreign currency assets of the country grew by USD 711 million at USD 72,213 million during the period under review, as per the RBI's weekly statistical supplement released here today. | | | The loans and advances to Central government rose by Rs 6,728 crore at Rs 11,642 crore while that to state governments increased by Rs 1,154 crore at Rs 3,682 crore. | | | According to analysts, the rise is attributed to revaluation of non-US currencies, including the Euro, against the US dollar. |
|
http://web.mid-day.com/news/nation/2003/april/50461.htm
|
|
| |
| | Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity |
| | This website re-disseminates IMF member countries' data on international reserves and foreign currency liquidity in a common template and in a common currency (the U.S. dollar). | | | Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity | | | External Debt Statistics: debt data, conference on capital flows and debt statistics, final draft Guide for Compilers and Users, and other selected publications |
|
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir
|
|
| |
| | Foreign Reserves |
| | Change in Reserves in BOP = D RES |
|
http://www.worldbank.org/data/rmsm/sld035.htm
|
|
| |
| | Egypt foreign reserves up Finance and Economy |
| | Egypt's central bank said that net foreign reserves rose to USD17.32bn at the end of February, reaching their highest level since 1999, according to Reuters. | | | The Egyptian pound has strengthened by more than 7 percent against the the dollar since the opening of the foreign exchange interbank market on 23 December and Bankers say that the government has probably been buying dollars from state banks. |
|
http://www.ameinfo.com/55403.html
|
|
|
