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| | Currency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In economics, a local currency is a currency not backed by a national government, and intended to trade only in a small area. | | | Currencies can be classified as either floating currencies or fixed currencies based on their | | | Scrip : A type of private currency where a certain value is captured, and used to purchase goods from a company. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency
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| | fixed currency: Information From Answers.com |
| | A fixed currency is contrasted with a floating currency. | | | In the modern world, fixed currencies form a minority of the world's currencies, although prior to the 1970s the Bretton Woods system made fixed currencies the norm. | | | Fixing a currency represents a particular type of Monetary Policy. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/fixed-currency
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| | Boyes/Melvin Economics: Fundamental Questions |
| | Fixing the value of currencies in terms of gold also fixes the relative value of all currencies to one another. | | | Fixed exchange rates require that a nation match its macroeconomic policies to those of the country or countries to which its currency is pegged; this limits a country’s ability to set its own policies. | | | With fixed exchange rates, a government can try to maintain the fixed rate through intervention in the foreign-exchange market, although this is unlikely to work unless the shifts in supply and demand are temporary. |
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http://college.hmco.com/economics/boyes_melvin/shared/student/fq37.html
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| | About IPD Advisory Board |
| | currency peg - an example of a fixed exchange rate in which the value of the domestic currency is fixed to a hard currency or a commodity. | | | In a currency swap, investors exchange a set of payments in one currency for payments in another currency. | | | The currency board system usually means a country has to maintain a level of reserves with which to ensure the convertibility of the domestic currency to the anchor. |
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http://www.gsb.columbia.edu/ipd/j_forexmarkets_bk.html
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| | The Eurodollar |
| | Nevertheless, most of the costs of having a single currency are macroeconomic and political, and there are several important costs that nation sharing a common currency incur. | | | Currencies were fixed to gold, and gold fixed currencies to each other. | | | The value of the dollar was fixed to gold at $35 to the ounce, and the world's currencies were fixed to the dollar. |
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http://www.globalfindata.com/articles/euro.htm
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| | The ABCs of the Foreign Exchange Market |
| | An exchange rate is simply the price of one currency in terms of another, and the market in which foreign currencies are exchanged is called the foreign exchange market. | | | A second argument favoring variable exchange rates is that a fixed exchange-rate system subordinates internal objectives of the monetary authorities to balance-of-payments equilibrium, while the variable system frees the hands of the policy makers to pursue internal equilibrium without having to worry about the balance of payments. | | | An exchange rate between two currencies is simply the price of one currency in terms of the other. |
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http://www.sba.oakland.edu/econpage/newsletters/IEL39TX2.HTM
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| | How do other countries devalue their currencies |
| | Most countries peg their currencies to arbitrary baskets of currencies in which the dominant currency is a "hard, reputable" currency such as the US dollar. | | | The currency is devalued at a rate set in advance and made known to the public (transparent). | | | In the fixed system, the rates are centrally determined (usually by the Central Bank or by the Currency Board where it supplants this function of the Central Bank). |
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http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/nm025.html
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| | Government Policies Toward the Foreign Exchange Market |
| | Because each currency was fixed to gold, the exchange rates between currencies also tended to be fixed, because individuals could arbitrage between gold and currencies if the currency exchange rates deviated from those implied by the fixed gold prices. | | | A situation in which a country's currency is considered an international reserve so that the country can finance its official settlements deficit by issuing its own currency. | | | As the system developed, other countries pegged their currencies to the dollar, and the U. government was committed to buy or sell gold for dollars with other central banks. |
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http://www.wright.edu/~tdung/FX_Policy.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The Accounting Arrangements were subsequently replaced by another arrangement, on the occasion of the introduction of Real Time Gross Settlement for interbank transactions in Hong Kong towards the end of 1996, requiring all licensed banks to maintain a clearing account with the HKMA for the account of the Exchange Fund. | | | There is, in the non-bank sector of Hong Kong, much less of a maturity mismatch in borrowing short-term money to make long-term investments and a currency mismatch in borrowing foreign currency without foreign currency income. | | | In line with the discipline of the currency board system, the clearing balance of the banking system will be affected by the flow of funds into or out of the Hong Kong dollar. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Eureka/Concourse/8751/hkma03.htm
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| | Financial Globalization: Can National Currencies Survive? |
| | To escape currency crises, a country may lock its money to that of a reserve-currency country, as by a "currency board." This may, if an only if reserves are ample and all other economic objectives are subordinated, maintain the peg and hold down inflation. | | | The analogy between the bank deposit-versus-local currency choice and the domestic-versus-foreign currency choice is imperfect in one respect. | | | All the liquid local currency assets they hold can potentially be tendered to the central bank and government to buy up their holdings of hard currency. |
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http://www.imfsite.org/reform/tobin.html
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| | Exchange Rates and Gold by Gary North |
| | Because the world’s currencies were not individually governed by fixed exchange rates with gold, the system of fixed exchange rates among currencies was not a free market phenomenon. | | | The fixed rate of exchange, gold vs. any national currency, was not officially a price control. | | | No member nation was supposed to float its currency in the international currency markets. |
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http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north229.html
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| | Indian Bank - NRI Schemes Chart |
| | Fixed deposit accounts can be closed before due date. | | | No, the amount is held in the same currency totally insulated against exchange risk. |
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http://www.indian-bank.com/chart.htm
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| | Chapter 24 |
| | Countries that have fixed exchange rates between their currencies are committed to having similar inflation rates in the long run (an important specific example of the third point). | | | On the other hand, countries that might prefer to have even lower inflation rates (than the lead country in the fixed rate system) are likely to "import inflation" as their inflation rate tends to rise toward that of the lead country. | | | The two criteria related to the government budget deficit and debt seem to be related to achieving fiscal policies that are not too different between the countries that enter into the fixed exchange rates. |
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http://www.wright.edu/~tdung/chapter24_Pugel.htm
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| | OCA |
| | However, the major cost implied by joining a currency area is the loss of monetary independence, which may force member countries to depart from internal balance for the sake of external balance. | | | Using the same currency or different currencies rigidly pegged to one another with full convertibility is synonymous with eliminating the risk of future exchange rate fluctuation, maximizing the gains from trade and specialization and, thus, enhancing the allocative efficiency. | | | This approach links fiscal policy to money, because the only way for the state to collect more taxes is to spend more, which means that government spending comes before tax payments. |
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http://f.students.umkc.edu/fkfc8/OCA.htm
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| | Floating And Fixed Exchange Rates |
| | A set price will be determined against a major world currency (usually the U.S. dollar, but also other major currencies such as the euro, the yen, or a basket of currencies). | | | When a country is forced to devalue its currency, it is also required to proceed with some form of economic reform, like implementing greater transparency, in an effort to strengthen its financial institutions. | | | In Thailand, the government eventually had to allow the currency to float, and by the end of 1997, the bhat had lost its value by 50% as the market's demand and supply readjusted the value of the local currency. |
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http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/020603.asp
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| | Other Fixed Exchange Rate Variations |
| | A currency board is a legislated method to provide greater assurances that an exchange rate fixed to a reserve currency will indeed remain fixed. | | | Since all 12 countries now share the Euro as a common currency, their exchange rates are effectively fixed to each other at a 1-1 ratio. | | | Countries that have several important trading partners, or who fear that one currency may be too volatile over an extended period of time, have chosen to fix their currency to a basket of several other currencies. |
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http://internationalecon.com/v1.0/Finance/ch80/F80-5.html
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| | [No title] |
| | This system is technically called the gold-exchange standard in which the US dollar was tied to gold, but all other currencies were tied to the dollar. |
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http://www.athens.edu/wilkeww/410CHAPTER_18.doc
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| | osCommerce Community Support Forums > Fixed pricing for multiple currencies |
| | I have turned the currency selector back on and set both the Australian dollar and U.S. dollar to a value of 1 and will not update the currency at all. | | | I have inherited a site that is based on osCommerce with quite a few modifications, including fixed pricing for multiple currencies. | | | I am pretty sure that the function is not able to check whether the customer has signed in or not, and it is not able to recognize the selected currency. |
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http://forums.oscommerce.com/lofiversion/index.php/t137979.html
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| | Microsoft Calc Plus - Frequently Asked Questions |
| | The list of currencies provided from the ECB is not exhaustive. | | | The fixed currency rates used for Euro and legacy currencies conversions comply and match the rates as provided by the European Central Bank (ECB). | | | It is possible to download the latest Euro to other fluctuating currencies through Microsoft Calculator Plus from the European Central Bank (ECB) site. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/outreach/dnloads/calcplusFAQ.mspx
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| | List of currencies: Information From Answers.com |
| | MVR (Maldives Rufiyaa): Maldives [fixed to USD (?)] | | | JOD (Jordanian Dinar): Jordan [fixed to currency basket] | | | HKD (Hong Kong Dollar): Hong Kong [loosely fixed to USD] |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-currencies
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| | Articles - List of currencies |
| | These countries want to introduce a common currency by 2009, among other political integration plans. | | | in the proposed Union of Russia and Belarus, the Belarusian ruble and the Russian ruble would be merged into a single currency. | | | Furthermore, Cape Verde has considered officially changing its currency to the Euro. |
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http://www.kamero.net/articles/List_of_currencies
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