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| | Look-4-it: HISTORY |
 | | Big Business The European Experience in the Twentieth Century; Cassis, Youssef (Visiting Research Fellow, Business History Unit, London School of Economics, and Charge de Cours, Department of Economic History, University of Geneva, Switzerland) | | | History of European Anthropology Vermeulen, Han (University of Leiden, Germany);Roldan, Arturo (University of Granada, Spain) | | | Exploring European Frontiers British Travellers in the Age of Enlightenment; Dolan, Brian, PhD (Research Lecturer, Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, University of East Anglia) |
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http://book.look-4-it.com/History
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- European Union |
| | The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's supranational organization of 25 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. | | | Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and they have been held every five years since. | | | Domestically, the European Union attempts to lower trade barriers, adopt a common currency, and move toward convergence of living standards. |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ee.html
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| | Economic history of Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The early European history of the Canadian economy is usually studied through the Staples Thesis which argues the Canadian economy developed through the exploitation of a series of staples that would be exported to Europe. | | | The earliest European settlements in Canada were to take advantage of the fisheries of the East Coast, especially the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. | | | The study of economic history in Canada became highly focused on economic geography, and for many years the dominant school of thought has been the Staples Thesis. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada
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| | Kevin Baker |
| | Some 80-90 percent of the money appropriated under the ERP came from the Europeans themselves, and Western Europe was a region that already had a long industrial—and democratic—history. | | | The Marshall Plan provided European markets for American goods, but it also restored European nations as global competitors with the United States. | | | The Soviets, and their Eastern European satellites, had been included in the initial U.S. offer of participation, but acceptance entailed too many risks for the Soviets. |
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http://www.kevinbaker.info/e_ag_mp.html
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| | European Resources |
| | The European Parliament site (which can be reached via the "Institutions" option at the top left and then clicking on the "European Parliament" heading or directly at www.europarl.eu.int) provides information on the history of the Parliament, the Members, the Agendas, Parliamentary Questions, Rules, References and Press Releases. | | | European Laws and Legal Systems, with sections for each European country, is provided by the Institute for Computer Science Law at the University of Saarland, Saarbruecken. | | | The Virtual Library of the European Documentation Centre at the University of Mannheim is a major site which is part of an extensive information network which was created on a global level by the European Communities in the early sixties. |
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http://www.venables.co.uk/europe.htm
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| | A History of the European Economy, 1000-2000 |
| | Instructors could confidently choose it for European economic history courses, with its brevity allowing for additional more detailed readings. | | | François Crouzet, A History of the European Economy, 1000-2000. | | | François Crouzet, Professor Emeritus at the Sorbonne, has written a brief (about 260 pages of text) history of the European economy in the last millennium. |
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http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/0480.shtml
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| | free trade. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | The results were new organizations and agreements on international trade such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1948), the Benelux Economic Union (1948), the European Economic Community (Common Market, 1957), the European Free Trade Association (1959), Mercosur (the Southern Cone Common Market, 1991), and the World Trade Organization (1995). | | | Free trade within national borders is in some countries a comparatively recent development. | | | Critics of free trade zones argue that such measures are detrimental to domestic economies. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/fr/freetrad.html
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| | Economic History Initiative |
| | As European integration progresses, the demand for a coherent account of European economic history, rather than a series of disjointed national histories, becomes more urgent; as does the need for more systematic comparative research. | | | There is a need for more ‘presentist’ economic history in Europe, which uses history to speak to contemporary debates about globalization, the international financial architecture, deflation, and other pressing policy issues. | | | Both theorists and applied economists are becoming increasingly interested in the development and impact of institutions, and economic history provides the ideal laboratory for economists interested in such issues. |
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http://www.cepr.org/research/Initiatives/EH.htm
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| | Barbados History |
| | The Caribs abandoned Barbados by the time the first European sailed in to the region. | | | Barbados gained internal self government in 1961 and in 1966 gained full independence and retained its status as a Commonwealth country. | | | One of the key reformers, Grantley Adams became the first Prime minister and was knighted by the queen. |
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http://www.accessbarbados.com/history.php
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| | DefenseLINK News: 50 Years Ago: Marshall Unveils Plan for Europe |
| | Marshall's European recovery plan, in simple terms, offered economic and technical assistance to all countries of Europe except Spain, which was a dictatorship at the time. | | | Winston Churchill called the plan "the most unsordid act in history." Historian Arnold Toynbee said "the solicitude of the world's most privileged people for its less privileged as vested in... | | | Although intended primarily to rebuild European economies, some early efforts -- out of necessity -- took the form of humanitarian relief. |
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http://www.defenselink.mil/news/May1997/n05291997_9705293.html
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| | ECB holds euro rates steady - Sep. 14, 2000 |
| | It was the first time in its 22-month history that the central bank opted to act in any direct way to stimulate demand for the depreciating currency. | | | LONDON (CNNfn) - The European Central Bank on Thursday opted to hold the line on interest rates, keeping its key borrowing cost at 4.5 percent, as expected. | | | Separately, the European Union said that the economy of the 11-nation euro zone grew 3.8 percent in the second quarter from a year earlier, the fastest pace since records began in 1992. |
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http://money.cnn.com/2000/09/14/europe/ecb
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| | KCL: European Studies Home Page |
| | It is an interdisciplinary degree which combines a focus on the politics, history and institutions of Europe as a whole with an indepth study of the politics, society, language and culture of a major European country (France, Spain or Germany). | | | The second annual European Week event, organised by students on the European Studies programme was held from Monday 31 January to Friday 4 February 2005. | | | Students spend their third year at a leading institution in their chosen country of study: the Institut d'Etudes Politiques in Paris for the French option, the Humboldt university in Berlin for the German option and Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona for the Spanish option. |
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http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/eurstu
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| | International trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The regulation of international trade is done through the World Trade Organization at the global level, and through several other regional arrangements such as MERCOSUR in South America, NAFTA between the United States, Canada and Mexico, and the European Union between 25 independent states. | | | Free trade is usually most strongly supported by the most economically powerful nations in the world. | | | Risk of protracted default - the failure of the buyer to pay the amount due within six months after the due date, and |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade
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| | Economic history of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Spain's European neighbors faced formidable reconstruction problems of their own, and, because of their awareness that the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War had been achieved with the help of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, they had little inclination to include Spain in any multilateral recovery program. | | | This reorganization was quickly followed by the establishment of a committee on economic affairs and the Office of Economic Coordination and Planning under the prime minister. | | | It took place at a time of economic growth and optimism in Western Europe, which as a result was ready to accept increased Spanish exports, to absorb Spain's surplus labor, and to spend significant sums of money on vacations in Spain and on investments in Spanish industry. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain
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| | European Monetary-institute - Mortgage Estimator Portal |
| | Investment services, requirements for creating a bank or insurance company, history of the currency (including the monetary divorce from Jamaica), and economic statistics. | | | ECBS` primary aim is to enhance the European technical banking infrastructure by developing standards. | | | GEBC`s aim is to strengthen co-operation between European co-operative banking groups and to defend these institutions` professional interests on a European-wide scale. |
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http://www.mortgage-estimator.com/directory/european-monetary-institute.html
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| | CNN Cold War - Profile: Marshall Plan |
| | Called by Winston Churchill the "most unsordid act of history," the Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program) was broadly outlined in U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall's Harvard commencement speech (June 5, 1947). | | | The CEEC tasked its members with quickly gathering detailed information on the various European economies and their needs. | | | Grants were received by European countries to buy primarily U.S. goods and services. |
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http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/marshall.plan
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| | European Union Association Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In recent history, such agreements are signed as part of two EU policies: Stabilisation and Association process (SAp) and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). | | | The EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, or human rights reform in a country. | | | Partnership and Co-operation Agreement (PCA), Country Report (CR), ENP Action Plan (AP) |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilization_and_Association_Agreement
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| | BBC NEWS Entertainment Arts Liverpool named Capital of Culture |
| | Liverpool is chosen to be the European capital of culture in 2008. | | | The European Union (EU) has designed the Capital of Culture programme to replace the City of Culture status which began with Athens in 1985. | | | We've got history and we should be proud of our history, but in the past we've been prisoners of our history," he said. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2959944.stm
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| | America and the West: Lessons from the Marshall Plan - FPRI |
| | The Marshall Plan was described by Winston Churchill as the “most unsordid act in history.” By linking the United States and the economic recovery of Western Europe through a formal program that required a joint European approach, the plan inaugurated the “modern” era. | | | Stalin was surprised, too; he regarded the plan’s requirements for an open economy to be a plot and kept both the USSR and its European satellites out. | | | Politically sharper pencils were applied, and on December 19, 1947, Truman, despite extremely low political polls, proposed a $17 billion European Recovery Program to the Congress. |
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http://www.fpri.org/ww/0103.199801.sicherman.lessonsfromthemarshallplan.html
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| | Unfree global markets-Destroying the myths of free trade history : Melbourne Indymedia |
| | The only way to make a free trade agreement between countries at different levels of development work is a deep integration like the European Union, which allows significant fiscal transfers from richer countries and movement of labour from poorer ones. | | | The WTO is not yet a full-blown free trade agreement, as it still allows some tariffs, but it has shifted the world towards free trade by reducing tariffs and banning trade-related subsidies. | | | Between the 1721 trade policy reform of Robert Walpole, Britain's first prime minister, and the repeal of the Corn Law in 1846 (2), Britain implemented a most aggressive trade policy. |
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http://melbourne.indymedia.org/news/2003/09/53817.php
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| | Commodity Prices, Exchange Rates and the International Monetary System[2] |
| | Unlike the previous system, which had been built upon the experience of hundreds of years of monetary history, there was no precedent for the new regime of paper currencies connected by fluctuating exchange rates. | | | Whenever US monetary policy is easy, as it was in the late 1970s and the late 1990s and early 1990s, the dollar depreciates against foreign currencies and commodities; and when it is tight, as in the early 1980s and the late 1990s, the dollar appreciates and dollar commodities prices decline. | | | Moreover, a restoration of a fixed exchange rate system would provide countries with a new rudder for monetary policy and would be a great step in the improvement of economic policy. |
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http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y4344E/y4344e04.htm
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| | The EFTA Secretariat |
| | The EFTA Secretariat supports the Member States in managing the EFTA free trade area, the EFTA participation in the European Economic Area (EEA) and EFTA's network of free trade agreements. | | | Introduction History Chairmanship Institutions▶ Member States▶ Budget 2005 EFTA in the world Trader's ABC | | | European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is an intergovernmental organisation promoting free trade and strengthening economic relations. |
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http://secretariat.efta.int
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- European Union |
| | The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's supranational organization of 25 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. | | | Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and they have been held every five years since. | | | Domestically, the European Union attempts to lower trade barriers, adopt a common currency, and move toward convergence of living standards. |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ee.html
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| | American Monetary Institute |
| | Links to other sites on monetary history, monetary theory and monetary reform | | | A Brief Monetary History of the United States | | | A foundation dedicated to the independent study of monetary history, theory and reform. |
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http://www.monetary.org/
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- European Union |
| | The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's supranational organization of 25 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. | | | Domestically, the European Union attempts to lower trade barriers, adopt a common currency, and move toward convergence of living standards. | | | Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and they have been held every five years since. |
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http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ee.html
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| | Course Development Competition |
| | After the evaluation of the content of the course "European Regional Policy and Regional Management", Political Science Department, Council of the History Faculty of the Uzhgorod National University made a decision to include the course in the obligatory curriculum of the political science students. | | | Main types of the European constitutional and administrative systems, the structure of the constitutional and administrative systems in Ukraine. | | | The course "European Regional Policy and Regional Management" was also included in the long-term curriculum of the Short-Term Courses of the Progessional Development Center of the Civil Servants Retreat of the Zakarpattya Regional Administration. |
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http://www.ceu.hu/crc/cdc/syllabi/Lendel.html
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| | Medieval English urban history |
| | A growing selection of primary documents (translated into English) relevant to English urban history is included. | | | (although not strictly a source on urban history, much of what Bracton has to say is relevant to to judicial administration in English towns) | | | The aim of the Medieval English Towns site is to provide historical information about cities and towns in England during the Middle Ages, with particular but not exclusive emphasis on medieval boroughs of East Anglia and on social, political and constitutional history. |
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http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/towns.html
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| | City - Free Encyclopedia |
| | The kernels of older European cities, which have not been extensively rebuilt, tend to have city centers where the streets are jumbled together, often seemingly without a structural plan. | | | Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on whether any particular ancient settlement can be considered to be a city. | | | Global cities are centres of trade, banking, finance, innovations, and markets. |
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http://www.wacklepedia.com/c/ci/city.html
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| | Amazon.com: A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong: Books |
| | In 1854, he tells us, Hong Kong Governor Sir John Bowring precipitated a second Anglo-Chinese war, and, through his efforts, China was opened up to European travelers, missionaries, and traders. | | | "A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong" is a written account that witnesses the political, social, and economical history of the colony exploited by the Great Britain. | | | In this deeply researched but sterile history of the British crown colony, Welsh describes how Hong Kong became a trading and commercial center after its inception during the 1839-1842 Opium War and gives a straightforward account of the British entrepreneurs and their accumulation of wealth. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1568360029?v=glance
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| | European Review of Economic History |
| | The European Review of Economic History has established itself as a major outlet for high-quality research in economic history, which is accessible to readers from a variety of different backgrounds. | | | The Review publishes articles on a wide range of topics in European, comparative and world economic history. | | | Contributions shed new light on existing debates, raise new or previously neglected topics and provide fresh perspectives from comparative research. |
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http://www.cambridge.org/uk/journals/journal_catalogue.asp?mnemonic=ere
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