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| | Central bank - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | A central bank, reserve bank or monetary authority, is an entity responsible for the monetary policy of its country or of its group of member states, such as in the European Union. | | | Advocates of central bank independence argue that a central bank which is too susceptible to political direction or pressure may encourage economic cycles ("boom and bust"), as politicians may be tempted to boost the economy in advance of an election, to the detriment of the long-term health of the economy. | | | Many banks are required to delegate a percentage of their deposits as reserves. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank
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| | European Central Bank Chief Hints at Rate Increase - New York Times |
| | The bank's president, Jean-Claude Trichet, made the statement after the central bank's monthly policy meeting, at which it left borrowing costs unchanged at 2.25 percent. | | | Trichet said the bank was not embarking on a series of rate increases similar to those by the Federal Reserve in the United States, which has increased borrowing costs steadily since June 2004. | | | The bank used the word "vigilance" two months before it raised rates in December to signal that a shift in policy was imminent and thus avoid surprising financial markets. |
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http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/13/business/worldbusiness/13euro.html?ex=1294808400&en=f0cda4152f1b38b3&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
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| | USATODAY.com - European Central Bank cuts interest rates |
| | The refinancing rate underpins the cost of short-term ECB credits to commercial banks, and serves as a benchmark for private-sector rates. | | | ECB President Wim Duisenberg signalled the credit easing earlier this week when he said the surging euro has caused inflationary pressures to retreat significantly while a recovery is expected to build only slowly toward year end. | | | The move brings the refinancing rate to its lowest level since the bank began setting interest rates for the countries using the euro in January 1999. |
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http://www.usatoday.com/money/world/2003-06-05-ecb-ratecut_x.htm
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| | ECB unexpectedly hikes leading interest rate to 4.75 percent - Oct. 5, 2000 - Oct. 5, 2000 |
| | The ECB rate hike came shortly after the Bank of England, as expected, held its leading interest rate unchanged, judging that inflation pressures were cool enough as U.K. economic growth continued to slow, amid a recent weakening in the pound's value against other currencies. | | | Eurostat, the European Union's statistics agency, also reported Thursday that labor costs in the 15-country bloc came in at a greater-than-expected 3.5 percent in the second quarter compared to a year earlier. | | | While the European economy is humming, economic conditions remain more favorable in the United States - prompting many investors to seek dollar-denominated assets, spurring a rally for the U.S. currency. |
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http://money.cnn.com/2000/10/05/europe/ecb
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| | The European Central Bank and the Euro: The First Year |
| | The European Central Bank is also to be praised for the professional way in which it managed the initial establishment of the euro in the international markets and the apparent smoothness of the interbank relations in its first year of operation. | | | But the time will come when the ECB will set a policy that is too tight for the outlier countries, forcing them to have substantially higher unemployment rates than they would have chosen if they were free to set their own monetary policy. | | | The ECB was however less successful in communicating the nature of its monetary policy to a nervous financial system. |
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http://www.nber.org/feldstein/euro.html
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| | European Central Bank holds rates firm - International Business - MSNBC.com |
| | The decision by the bank's 18-member governing council, meeting in Frankfurt, was widely expected by economists. | | | The key refinancing rate, which sets the cost of central bank credit to commercial banks, has stood unaltered since June 2003. | | | One of the chief worries for the European economy is the euro's rise against the dollar, which hurts European exporters by making their goods more expensive in comparison to those of foreign competition. |
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http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6821180
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| | The European Central Bank |
| | The response is Monitoring the European Central Bank (MECB), an initiative that brings together a group of economists internationally known for their work on macroeconomics and monetary policy. | | | Central banks with good reputations pay attention not only to price stability but also to output fluctuations and financial stability. | | | The ECB should be transparent about those other responsibilities, which in no way conflict with its mandate to pursue price stability. |
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http://www.cepr.org/press/P116PR.htm
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| | ECB holds euro rates steady - Sep. 14, 2000 |
| | The central bank last raised its refinancing rate, the amount charged on two-week loans to commercial banks, at its Aug. 31 meeting, opting for a quarter-point increase to both bolster the euro and slow the pace of economic growth. | | | It was the first time in its 22-month history that the central bank opted to act in any direct way to stimulate demand for the depreciating currency. | | | LONDON (CNNfn) - The European Central Bank on Thursday opted to hold the line on interest rates, keeping its key borrowing cost at 4.5 percent, as expected. |
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http://money.cnn.com/2000/09/14/europe/ecb
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| | ECB fails to prop up euro - Nov. 3, 2000 |
| | The ECB said in a statement Friday the "external value of the euro does not reflect the favorable conditions in the euro area." The bank said it acted out of concern the currency's weakness was bad for the global economic outlook and price stability in the euro zone. | | | Analysts estimate that the banks spent between $5 billion and $10 billion on buying up euros, with the bulk of that contributed by the ECB. | | | The currency slipped below early intervention levels, forcing the bank to spend even more money propping up the currency late in the session. |
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http://money.cnn.com/2000/11/03/europe/ecb
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| | BBC NEWS Business Most countries 'flouting EU rules' |
| | The European Central Bank (ECB) has warned that most countries are in danger of over-spending and breaking EU budget rules. | | | But it is the first time that the bank has indicated that many other countries in the eurozone are in a similar predicament. | | | France and Germany have faced criticism for some time over the size of their budget shortfalls, with both looking likely to breach the budget deficit limit of 3% of gross domestic product for three years in a row. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3099870.stm
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| | EETimes.com - Euro bank notes to embed RFID chips by 2005 |
| | The EUR 200 and EUR 500 bank notes in particular — equivalent to roughly $200 and $500 in value — are expected to be popular in the "informal" economy. | | | The ECB spokesman said his organization has contacted various central banks worldwide — not just in Europe — to discuss added security measures for the currency. | | | It is unclear whether the ECB will incorporate RFID chips into all euro bank notes or just on the larger bills. |
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http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20011219S0016
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| | European Central Bank |
| | The European Central Bank was inaugurated in June 1998 and six months later assumed responsibility for implementing European monetary policy as defined by the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). | | | Its primary mission is to define the monetary policy of the euro zone and fix the interest rates at which commercial banks can obtain money (liquid funds) from the Central Bank. | | | The European Central Bank enjoys total independence in its work. |
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http://www.eu2003.gr/en/articles/2002/12/5/1117
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| | WJLA - European Central Bank Keeps Rate Steady |
| | The European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 12 countries that have given up their national currencies for the euro. | | | Other ECB officials have made comments recently suggesting they are worried about inflation, amid signs the economy in the 12 countries that use the euro is finally strengthening enough to withstand higher rates. | | | The bank has called attention to the increased amount of money sloshing around in the European economy, with the broadest indicator of the money supply rising 8.5 percent in September from a year earlier, well above the bank's 4.5 percent guideline. |
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http://www.wjla.com/headlines/1105/274406.html
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| | Telegraph Money |
| | The ECB warned yesterday that "a decline in the euro area's external market share is expected as a consequence of the recent appreciation of the euro." It added that business investment would also be affected. | | | He said this was all the more important as the population is ageing and there will be rising pension costs and healthcare costs in the future. | | | The economic punishment inflicted by the strong euro on its 12 member nations was confirmed yesterday when the European Central Bank (ECB) slashed its expectations for growth in the eurozone, taking its forecast perilously close to recession. |
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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2003/06/13/cnecb13.xml&menuId=242&sSheet=/portal/2003/06/13/ixportal.html
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| | European Ombudsman Decision OI/1/99/IJH (ECB) |
| | On 15 December 1997, the Ombudsman submitted a special report to the European Parliament, which adopted a Resolution congratulating the Ombudsman on the initiative and special report and welcoming the action in favour of transparency(2). | | | The predecessor of the European Central Bank (ECB), the European Monetary Institute (EMI), was included in the inquiry. | | | The Ombudsman carefully examined the rules adopted by the ECB, which are based on those previously adopted by the EMI(4). |
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http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/decision/en/99oi1ecb.htm
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| | European Union - European Central Bank |
| | The EC B and the central banks of the countries that have adopted the euro make up a new entity known as the "Eurosystem". | | | It guarantees that the tasks delegated to it are performed either by itself or via the participating national central banks. | | | Following developments in the banking and financial sectors, and promoting the exchange of information between the ESCB and the banking authorities. |
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http://www.midlands.ie/content/6eu/6_10.htm
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| | European Central Bank leaves rates unchanged |
| | Adding to the cautionary tone, the banks' economists raised their projection for 2005 inflation by 0.1 percentage point, to between 1.1 percent and 2.3 percent, and trimmed their growth outlook by 0.2 points to 1.7-2.7 percent. | | | Trichet was careful to hedge, saying the bank expects that a recent spike in inflation to an annual rate of 2.5 percent in May in the 12 countries that use the euro will subside by next year, and that prices will then fall below the bank's 2 percent ceiling. | | | Worries about rising consumer prices would increase pressure on the bank to raise interest rates, which many economists believe it will do as early as the end of this year. |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2004/06/03/financial0751EDT0021.DTL
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| | EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK, Frankfurt, Germany |
| | DG-E's main task is to prepare economic background analyses and forecasts for the conduct of the ECB monetary policy. | | | The European Central Bank has a limited number of openings for highly qualified economists in its Directorates General Economics (DG-E) and research (DG-R). | | | Experience in policy analysis and advice is an asset, particularly for DG-E. A significant research and publication record is an asset, particularly for DG-R. Candidates must be nationals of a Member State of the European Union. |
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http://www.aeaweb.org/joe/0411d/html/joe242.html
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| | Tutor2u - European Central Bank |
| | The Bank will also take into account a range of other monetary and financial indicators when setting interest rates (including data on wage inflation and the trend in raw material prices). | | | The ECB has moved relatively slowly in changing interest rates - with only four rate changes during the whole of 2001 at a time when the Euro Zone economy was heading into a clear economic downturn. | | | Broad money is basically determined by the growth of bank deposits – many of which are created through bank loans and over-drafts. |
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http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/europe/ecb.htm
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| | The European Central Bank |
| | Like the US Federal reserve system, the central banks of the individual euro member states will have the responsibility to implement the policy set by the ECB, but not have any power over interest and exchange rates | | | independent central banks keep inflation lower than government controlled ones (short-sighted politicians) in the LR this is beneficial for growth and low unemployment | | | ECB’s target is the inflation rate, its measure of price stability |
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http://homepage.ntlworld.com/peter.micklem/euro/ECB.htm
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| | ABC News: European Central Bank Leaves Rate Steady |
| | Analysts had not expected any change to the rate, even in the face of growing worries that high energy prices and weak consumer spending are dampening demand in Asia for European exports. | | | Growth in the euro zone slowed to 0.3 percent in the second quarter, the EU executive Commission said in its third quarterly economic report, despite "strong industrial activity" in Germany, the EU's largest economy. | | | EU finance ministers said last month they expected energy prices to slow growth to between 1.1 percent and 1.3 percent this year. |
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http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory?id=1188838
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| | The European Central Bank - The MIT Press |
| | After a detailed description and assessment of ECB monetary policy making that focuses on such issues as price stability and the predictability of policy decisions, the book turns to two important issues faced by European central bankers: the transparency and credibility of decision making and the ECB's decentralized structure. | | | The euro zone's monetary policy is now set by the European Central Bank (ECB) and its Governing Council rather than by individual national central banks. | | | The book then considers the effects of the decentralized ECB structure, focusing on business cycle synchronization, inflation differentials, and differences in monetary policy transmission in light of the enlargement of the monetary union. |
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http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item?tid=10518&ttype=2
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| | European Central Bank leaves rates alone - International Business - MSNBC.com |
| | The widely expected decision at a meeting of the bank’s 18-member governing council left the rate, which sets short-term central bank rates to commercial banks, at 2 percent — its level since a half-point cut last June. | | | German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder last week urged the bank to “think over interest rate reactions” to the stronger currency, and his remarks were seconded by French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin. | | | Most economists think a moderate recovery is going to happen anyway, leading the bank to raise, not cut, interest rates late this year or early next year to ward off inflation. |
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http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4446720
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| | European Central Bank |
| | Candidates bear full responsibility for the timely submission of their application and the ECB cannot be held liable for any delays occurring outside of its own systems. | | | The European Central Bank is an equal opportunities employer. | | | The ECB values are competence, effectiveness and efficiency, integrity, team spirit, transparency and accountability and working for Europe |
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http://gs6.globalsuccessor.com/fe/tpl_ecb01SSL.asp
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| | Bloomberg.com: Top Worldwide |
| | European finance ministers and business leaders on Nov. 8 said inflation is under control and urged central bankers to leave the rate at a six-decade low of 2 percent to bolster growth. | | | Strengthening economic growth and inflation above the bank's 2 percent ceiling for the past nine months have fanned investor expectations that the bank will raise its benchmark rate on Dec. 1. | | | The bank aims to keep inflation, which reached 2.5 percent in October, just below 2 percent. |
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http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&sid=awHILpqvERws&refer=home
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| | TheStreet.com: European Central Bank Holds Rates Steady |
| | At a press conference Thursday to explain the ECB's decisions, Duisenberg said although the M3 reference value would only be reviewed on an annual basis, the bank would not be beholden to any specific number. | | | 12/2/99 11:23 AM ET FRANKFURT -- The European Central Bank held its main refinancing rate at 3% as expected Thursday and also chose to keep its M3 money-supply reference value, one of the bank's main benchmarks for setting interest rates, steady at 4.5%. | | | Duisenberg said the eurozone could look forward to real gross domestic product growth, increasing to 3% next year from 2% in 1999. |
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http://www.thestreet.com/int/euromarkets/831617.html
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| | Monitoring the European Central Bank (MECB) |
| | Launched in 1998, Monitoring the European Central Bank (MECB) brings together a group of economists internationally known for their work on macroeconomics and monetary policy. | | | A full MECB Report is published each year, complemented by an Update which draws on recent publications of the ECB. | | | The Monetary Policy Strategy of the ECB Reconsidered: Monitoring the European Central Bank 5 (MECB) |
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http://www.cepr.org/pubs/books/mecb/mecb.asp
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| | Lamfalussy Research Fellowship: EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (ECB) |
| | He was a member of the Delors Committee for the Study of European Economic and Monetary Union, the General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements and the first President of the European Monetary Institute (in charge of preparing the third stage of EMU). | | | He was also an Executive Director of Banque Bruxelles Lambert and he chaired the "Committee of Wise Men on the Regulation of European Securities Markets", whose reform proposals were adopted by the EU Council in Stockholm in March 2001. | | | The Lamfalussy Fellows programme was launched in 2003 in the context of the ECB-CFS Research Network on "Capital Markets and Financial Integration in Europe". |
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http://www.ssrn.com/update/fen/fenann/ann258.html
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| | IGM: European Central Bank Goes QuickTime |
| | The ECB is responsible for issuing Euro notes and coins, as well as fiscal and monetary policy making within the Eurozone. | | | Wim Duisenberg, president of the ECB, said that "It is very beneficial for the ECB and that does not cost us anything." | | | Akamai will host a QuickTime channel, which will be available to consumers, business and governments who require exposure to Euro-zone regulations and guidelines. |
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http://www.insanely-great.com/news.php?id=1913
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| | Central Bank Research Hub Index - H |
| | The private and fiscal returns to schooling and the effect of public policies on private incentives to invest in education: a general framework and some results for the | | | Determinants of current account developments in the central and east European | | | EU countries and sectors tries and sectors, by Marcin Przybyla and Moreno Roma (European Central Bank Working papers 453) |
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http://www.bis.org/cbhub/indexe12.htm
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| | Central bank bashing: The case of the European Central Bank |
| | German data show that factors leading to external pressure on the central bank are rising unemployment and the threat for governments to lose their majority in the next election. | | | E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies | | | "Implications of EMU Enlargement for European Monetary Policy: A Political Economy View," MEB Series (discontinued) 2002-4, Netherlands Central Bank, Monetary and Economic Policy Department. |
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http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpma/0209001.html
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| | Aspen Publishers - European Central Bank Institutional Aspects |
| | The impending establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) brings a dramatic transition: the introduction of a single European Community (EC) currency. | | | A critical, in-depth analysis of the European Central Bank. | | | View other products in Banking Law/Financial Services |
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http://www.aspenpublishers.com/Product.asp?catalog_name=Aspen&category_name=&product_id=9041106863
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| | European Central Bank |
| | European real time payment system will boost UK banks, say analysts | | | A standard payments system for countries in the European Union could reduce costs and allow banks to offer more sophisticated...... | | | Consultation on the future of a European real-time payment system closed last week with far-reaching technical and business...... |
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http://www.computerweekly.com/A-Z/Landing/1001/1000624/Page1.htm
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| | Forbes.com: DIARY - European Central Bank (ECB) events to August 5~ |
| | Speakers include ECB Governing Council member Vitor Constancio (0930 GMT) in a session on economic convergence in the EU. | | | TUESDAY, APRIL 27 BRUSSELS- (TENTATIVE) ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet to present the ECB's annual report to European Parliaments's economic and monetary affairs committee - 0830 GMT. | | | THURSDAY, APRIL 29 BOCHUM- ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet attends Economic Forum on "Europe grows up - monetary union, eastern enlargement and the future for the european finance markets" hosted by "Die Zeit". |
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http://www.forbes.com/reuters/newswire/2004/04/21/rtr1339594.html
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| | IDEAS: Working Paper Series, European Central Bank |
| | 569 Towards European monetary integration - the evolution of currency risk premium as a measure for monetary convergence prior to the implementation of currency unions | | | 558 Ricardian fiscal regimes in the European Union | | | 455 Central bank transparency and private information in a dynamic macroeconomic model |
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http://ideas.repec.org/s/ecb/ecbwps.html
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| | Supervision - European Union / European Central Bank |
| | One of its institutions is the European Central Bank (ECB), the central bank for Europe´s single currency, the euro. | | | The ECB´s main task is to maintain the euro´s purchaging power and thus price stability in the euro area. | | | Its Member States have set up common institutions to which they delegate some of their sovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically at European level. |
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http://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/epopteia/epopteia-B2.asp
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| | A European Central Bank? - Cambridge University Press |
| | The costs and benefits of a European currency Daniel Cohen; Discussion Alberto Alesina and Charles Wyplosz; 8. | | | An introduction describes recent monetary developments and identifies the motivations for creating a European cental bank. | | | Theoretical papers analyse the interactions of capital controls, financial intermediation and seigniorage in open economies; the optimal design of centralized banks of issue by sovereign countries; and some new aspects of the ‘optimal currency area’ question. |
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http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521376238
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| | European Central Bank |
| | A joint comment letter with the European Securitisation Forum to the European Central Bank on its public consultation paper entitled "Measures to Improve the Collateral Framework of the Eurosystem". | | | As financial companies increasingly offere services through group structures, certain risks are not covered by the sectoral supervisory framework. | | | The European Central Bank's paper describes the supervision of mixed financial services groups in Europe. |
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http://www.bondmarkets.com/collection.asp?colid=317
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| | EBRD - investing in countries from central Europe to central Asia |
| | Comments are invited to help the Bank in revising this strategy and should be submitted no later than 31 May 2006 so that they can be taken into account. | | | When the schemes collapsed, so did the availability of credit for business expansion. | | | Then he found out about micro loans from EBRD-backed ProCredit Bank. |
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http://www.ebrd.com
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| | European Central Bank |
| | Nevertheless, I applaud the aims and coherence of the Huhne report as a basis for defining accountability of the Central Bank, on which I should like to say a few words, particularly on the issue of transparency and accountability. | | | It was also confusing yesterday to hear that Mr.Issing, the ECB’s chief economist, reportedly stated in London that the Bank would not publish economic forecasts for Euro-land, perpetuating a culture of secrecy. I welcome Mr. |
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http://www.charlestannock.com/261099.asp
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