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| | Elections and Electoral Systems by Country |
 | | National Electoral Committee has information in English on the Parliamentary Elections of 1995 and 1999, and the local elections of 1996, plus an overview of elections from 1989-1996. | | | Dutch parliamentary election results (in Dutch) from 1918-1998 (in percentages) plus the results from the latest elections 1998 (seats and percentages, compared with 1994) | | | The non-partisan agency responsible for conducting federal elections and referendums. |
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http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/election.htm
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| | CHINA, BRITAIN TO MONITOR HONG KONG ELECTION |
| | According to Hong Kong’s Basic Law, complete direct elections of government should be reached by the third term of elections. | | | Professor Shieh sees the international and domestic problems Hong Kong is facing as a hindrance to bringing direct, democratic elections to Hong Kong. | | | Following the July 1997 handover of Hong Kong to China, Britain urged it to hold free and fair elections, making it their policy to ensure democracy does not leave their former colony. |
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http://www.academic.marist.edu/faculty/modele/spring/lauren6.html
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| | Hong Kong legislative election, 2004 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | While the democratic camp hoped to play up the issue of universal suffrage as a prominent issue in the election, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress ruled out universal suffrage for the Chief Executive's election in 2007 and for LegCo elections in 2008 in April 2004 before the election. | | | The involvement of Democratic Party James To and The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions Chan Yuen-han in scandals relating to the use of public funds for the benefit of their respective political groups. | | | Elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) were held on September 12, 2004. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_election,_2004
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| | Asia Society: Publications - Hong Kong: The Challenges of Change |
| | The Hong Kong SAR administration as well as the central government are fully aware of the fact that without free and fair elections in Hong Kong as promised, both the local and the international community will remain skeptical that the people of Hong Kong have accepted the new system. | | | For example, in Hong Kong, if a local firm earns US$1 from the export of goods and deposits the money into a bank in the system upon receipt from the importing country, then the bank will be allowed to create a fixed amount--HK$7.8--of local currency and deposit it into the account of the firm. | | | Hong Kong's first constitution, the Charter of the Colony of Hong Kong (1843), created the Legislative Council as an advisory board to the governor, who was empowered, with the advice of the council, to enact all laws and ordinances of the colony. |
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http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/update_hongkong_challenges.html
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| | 2004 Hong Kong legislative election [2p.16n] - Gallery - Muzi.com |
| | Hong Kong heads for legislative elections that look set to be the most fiercely contested since the former British colony reverted to China in 1997 and may revamp the city's political landscape. | | | Hong Kong heads for legislative elections on September 12 that look set to be the most fiercely contested since the former British colony reverted to China in 1997 and may revamp the city's political landscape. | | | Hong Kong heads for upcoming elections that look set to be the most fiercely contested since the former British colony reverted to China in 1997 and may revamp the city's political landscape. |
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http://gallery.muzi.com/pfg/english/1005564.shtml
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| | BBC News ASIA-PACIFIC Democrat vote slumps in HK poll |
| | Hong Kong's mini-constitution calls for direct elections of all lawmakers at some point, though no timetable is specified. | | | Hong Kong's Democratic Party has suffered in elections as voters stayed away from the polls. | | | Since Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, Beijing has been in charge of defence and foreign policy in the territory. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/919571.stm
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| | Hong Kong Elections A Blow to Democrats (washingtonpost.com) |
| | HONG KONG, Sept. 13 -- Pro-democracy candidates gained seats in Hong Kong's legislature but failed to take control of the body despite winning a large majority of the popular vote in elections Sunday. | | | Beijing angered the public with a decision in April that ruled out the use of direct elections to choose Hong Kong's next chief executive in 2007 and all of its legislators in 2008, and set no timetable for political reform. | | | Hong Kong Elections A Blow to Democrats (washingtonpost.com) |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A16223-2004Sep12.html
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| | Department of State Washington File: Text: State Department on Hong Kong Legislative Council Elections |
| | Hong Kong's September 10 legislative elections, which observers agree were open, free, and fair, were the second since the 1997 handover and mark another step in Hong Kong's democratic development. | | | Democracy and free and fair elections are critical components in assuring that Hong Kong remains a prosperous, free and dynamic society whose government serves the interests of its seven million people in the years to come. | | | Department of State Washington File: Text: State Department on Hong Kong Legislative Council Elections |
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http://usinfo.org/wf-archive/2000/000911/epf106.htm
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| | Hong Kong legislative election - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Legislative elections are held in Hong Kong whenever the Legislative Council needs renewal. | | | The LEGCO also has Legislative Council Redress System to receive and handle complaints from members of the public who are aggrieved by Government actions or policies. | | | Members of the Legislative Council also play important functions of scrutinizing bills, controlling public expenditure and monitoring Government's performance. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_election
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| | A Question of Patriotism: Human Rights and Democratization in Hong Kong (A Human Rights Watch briefing paper): Background |
| | Because the method for electing the Legislative Council is not considered relevant to Beijing’s interests or responsibilities in Hong Kong, the central government is not accorded any significant role in the process of changing the format for the Legislative Council elections after 2007. | | | Under the Basic Law, Hong Kong’s mini-constitution, the electoral framework is set for all elections prior to the 2007 election of the chief executive and the 2008 Legislative Council elections. | | | Second, Hong Kong had already begun a process of constitutional review, one in which decisions would be made about whether and how to change Hong Kong’s political system so as to allow for greater democratization of the electoral process. |
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http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china/hk0904/3.htm
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| | Hong Kong - Encyclopedia of Political Information |
| | CEPA allows Hong Kong service providers in 18 areas to enter the mainland market at least one year ahead of their foreign competitors. | | | Under the policy of the 'One Country, Two Systems', Hong Kong enjoys a considerable degree of autonomy from the Mainland, continuing to have its own currency, customs and immigration, legal system, and even its own rule of the road, with traffic continuing to drive on the left. | | | Cantonese, the Chinese dialect used in Hong Kong government matters, is spoken by most of the population. |
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http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/Hong_Kong.htm
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| | Hong Kong - Open Encyclopedia |
| | The 1998, 2000 and 2004 Legislative Council elections were seen as free, open, and widely contested, despite discontent among mainly 'pro-democracy' politicians, who contended that the functional constituency elections and the Election Committee elections (for 1998 and 2000) were undemocratic as they consider that the electroate for these seats is too narrow. | | | Under the policy of the 'One Country, Two Systems', Hong Kong enjoys a considerable degree of autonomy from the Mainland, as well as continuing to have its own legal system, currency, customs immigration authorities, and even its own rule of the road, with traffic continuing to drive on the left, for example. | | | CEPA allows Hong Kong service providers in 18 areas to enter the mainland market at least one year ahead of their foreign competitors. |
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http://open-encyclopedia.com/Hong_Kong
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| | CNN.com - Hong Kong's opposition legislators vow to continue fight after vote - September 11, 2000 |
| | Hong Kong's mini-constitution calls for direct elections of all lawmakers at some point, though no timetable is specified. | | | Hong Kong Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa, right, and his wife Betty cast their votes at a polling station for Hong Kong's legislative elections on Sunday | | | HONG KONG (AP) -- The top opposition party won 12 seats in the Hong Kong legislature, but seemed to have lost much of its popular support despite a scandal tarnishing its pro-Beijing rivals, election results showed Monday. |
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http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/east/09/11/hongkong.election.ap
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| | BBC NEWS Asia-Pacific Beijing blocks Hong Kong election |
| | The Standing Committee also ruled out the possibility of direct elections for all Hong Kong legislators in 2008. | | | China's top parliamentarians have ruled that Hong Kong will not have direct elections for its leader in 2007. | | | The decision to delay Hong Kong's moves to full democracy was made by the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3658503.stm
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| | Hong Kong China |
| | Pro-Beijing parties have kept their majority in Hong Kong's legislative council, winning 34 of the 60 seats on offer in Sunday's elections. | | | HONG KONG BACKS DOWN ON SECURITY LAWS The government of Hong Kong says it will scrap the most controversial parts of a proposed security bill after 500,000 people protested against the legislation Tuesday. | | | Tung's work in Hong Kong was praised on Saturday at the annual National People's Congress in Beijing, in what political observers described as a tactic to prepare him for his dismissal from the Hong Kong post. |
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http://www.wednesday-night.com/hongkong.htm
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| | AllRefer.com - Hong Kong : History, China (Chinese Political Geography) - Encyclopedia |
| | In 1991, Hong Kong's first direct legislative elections (which accounted for about 30% of the seats) were won almost entirely by liberal, prodemocracy candidates, and no pro-China candidates were elected. | | | In the Sept., 2000, legislative council elections, prodemocracy parties won 15 of the 24 directly elected seats. | | | In the subsequent elections (1995) prodemocracy candidates received about 60% of the popular vote. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/H/HongKong-history.html
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| | Hong Kong Reformers Protest Election Rule |
| | Even if residents in Hong Kong elect a new legislature with a majority of pro-democracy parties for the first time during the next elections for the territory's Legislative Council on Sept. 12, that majority would have limited ability to pursue further democratization. | | | That is the earliest date permitted in the Basic Law for free elections for all legislative seats and for the chief executive, the territory's top official. | | | The decision, delivered as an interpretation of Hong Kong's charter by China's Congress, which is controlled by the Communist Party, crushed hopes that the former British colony could chart its own course toward democracy in coming years. |
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http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/07/international/asia/07hong.html?ex=1396670400&en=a3a003ce7452e7f1&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND
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| | Asia Society: Publications - Hong Kong: The Challenges of Change |
| | The Hong Kong SAR administration as well as the central government are fully aware of the fact that without free and fair elections in Hong Kong as promised, both the local and the international community will remain skeptical that the people of Hong Kong have accepted the new system. | | | For example, in Hong Kong, if a local firm earns US$1 from the export of goods and deposits the money into a bank in the system upon receipt from the importing country, then the bank will be allowed to create a fixed amount--HK$7.8--of local currency and deposit it into the account of the firm. | | | Hong Kong's first constitution, the Charter of the Colony of Hong Kong (1843), created the Legislative Council as an advisory board to the governor, who was empowered, with the advice of the council, to enact all laws and ordinances of the colony. |
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http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/update_hongkong_challenges.html
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| | Hong Kong fights election interference - (United Press International) |
| | Hong Kong, China, Jun. 24 (UPI) -- Hong Kong's anti-corruption body launched a campaign Thursday to protect September's legislative elections after charges of mainland pressure on voters emerged. | | | The central government in Beijing is concerned that it may lose control in Hong Kong if a majority of democrats are elected to the legislature. | | | One of the themes of a pro-democracy rally set for July 1 and expected to draw 300,000 people is the protection of Hong Kong's autonomy, seen as increasingly under threat from Beijing. |
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http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20040624-124508-2307r.htm
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| | Hong Kong Leader Seen Ready to Quit (washingtonpost.com) |
| | China last year ruled out direct elections to choose Hong Kong's next chief executive, but Tung promised to consider limited reforms, and lawmakers have been pressing a variety of changes aimed at diluting Beijing's control of the process. | | | Allen Lee, a Hong Kong delegate to China's parliament, said a decision to replace Tung appeared to have been made recently. | | | Special correspondent K.C. Ng in Hong Kong contributed to this report. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A1365-2005Mar2.html
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| | Hong Kong on Encyclopedia.com |
| | In 1991, Hong Kong's first direct legislative elections (which accounted for about 30% of the seats) were won almost entirely by liberal, prodemocracy candidates, and no pro-China candidates were elected. | | | The Univ. of Hong Kong is a coeducational institution under government control, organized on the model of British universities. | | | The main parties are the prodemocracy Democratic party, the probusiness Liberal Party, and the Beijing-oriented Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/hongkong_history.asp
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| | ICL - Hong Kong Index |
| | China promised to allow for at least 50 more years of capitalist economy in Hongkong, but most well-off citizens ackquired Canadian, US-American, and Australian citizenship and some firms relocated their headquarters to the Bermudas or Singapore and their resources to China's mainland and Shanghai. | | | Hong Kong did not establish a democratic tradition during 140 years of British colonial rule; even the Legislative Council's policymaking was impeded by the Governor's colonial administration, advised by an un-political Executive Council. | | | China replaces the Legislative Council with a provisional legislature which basically is an institution under the direction of the new chief executive Tung Chee-hwa. |
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http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/hk__indx.html
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| | Hong Kong on Encyclopedia.com |
| | In 1991, Hong Kong's first direct legislative elections (which accounted for about 30% of the seats) were won almost entirely by liberal, prodemocracy candidates, and no pro-China candidates were elected. | | | The Univ. of Hong Kong is a coeducational institution under government control, organized on the model of British universities. | | | The main parties are the prodemocracy Democratic party, the probusiness Liberal Party, and the Beijing-oriented Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/HongKong_LandPeopleandGovernment.asp
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| | Hong Kong (03/05) |
| | Legislative Council elections were held in September 2004. | | | The Hong Kong Government has generally resisted pressure for large-scale public expenditures to stimulate the economy due to growing public policy concerns with the government budget deficit. | | | The Hong Kong Government is currently engaged in a public consultation process intended to lead to changes in the mechanism for choosing the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Council and move toward the "ultimate aim" of universal suffrage as prescribed by the Basic Law. |
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http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2747.htm
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| | RFA: Cultural Revolution Expert Says Free Media Crucial to Hong Kong |
| | More recently, Beijing intervened heavily in the debate on constitutional reform, ruling out the possibility of direct universal suffrage in the 2007 and 2003 elections before any formal proposal had been made by Hong Kong. | | | Ding, who published a report in Hong Kong recently in which he estimated that two million of China's intellectual and artistic elite lost their lives during the Cultural Revolution, said China's approach in Hong Kong so far appeared to be to "attack the minority" of pro-democracy politicians, painting them as unpatriotic troublemakers. | | | Half a million people took to the streets in Hong Kong on July 1, 2003 to protest at the government's handling of "Article 23" national security legislation that sparked fears that it might be used to control the media, and to curb other traditional freedoms enjoyed in the territory. |
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http://www.rfa.org/english/news/politics/2004/05/31/137020
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| | washingtonpost.com: After Hong Kong Election, China Faces New Calculus |
| | HONG KONG, Sept. 13 -- The Chinese government refrained on Monday from saying much about the results of Sunday's elections in Hong Kong, but the country's Communist leaders had reason to be pleased. | | | It also remains worried about what impact democratic reforms in Hong Kong might have on the mainland, where forming an opposition party is illegal and elections are generally shams. | | | Hong Kong politicians often play down or refrain from criticism of Beijing's policies on the mainland, and try to distance the territory's democracy movement from the efforts of dissidents and others in China the government considers subversive. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A18904-2004Sep13?language=printer
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| | SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Hong Kong chooses lawmakers in election that could give pro-democracy opposition its most clout since handover |
| | HONG KONG – After a campaign marred by scandal and alleged intimidation, the people of Hong Kong vote Sunday in legislative elections that could give pro-democracy figures more clout than they have held since China reclaimed Hong Kong in July 1997. | | | Hong Kong authorities have rejected such charges, and election officials promised free and fair elections. | | | Many Hong Kongers have been clamoring for the right to directly pick their leader in 2007 and all lawmakers in 2008, but Beijing stirred a public outrage by ruling it out in April – a decision expected to create a backlash against China's allies in the election. |
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http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/20040911-0857-hongkong-election.html
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| | Filipinos abroad get vote csmonitor.com |
| | Hong Kong is the biggest single cache of overseas votes in Philippine elections. | | | Presidential candidates have visited Hong Kong in recent months to appoint canvassers and get their name heard. | | | While Hong Kong was fairly successful in registering voters - around 63 percent of 130,000 Filipinos working legally in the territory are on the rolls - activists say it has proven harder elsewhere. |
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http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0317/p07s01-woap.htm
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| | Channelnewsasia.com |
| | In the meantime, analysts agree, China will be concentrating on September's legislative elections in Hong Kong. | | | China's decision in April to rule out direct elections to choose Hong Kong's next chief executive left the territory deeply divided, and led to fears that the "high degree of autonomy" promised to capitalist Hong Kong when it returned to Chinese rule in 1997 was being undermined. | | | "It thought Hong Kong people were only interested in the economy and offered lots of economic boosts thinking that would keep them happy. |
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http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/93339/1/.html
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| | BW Online May 19, 2003 A Crusader in Hong Kong |
| | As it is now, the families that control most Hong Kong companies simply appoint directors and railroad their formal elections through at shareholder meetings. | | | The election of Webb and Oscar Wong, CEO of BOC-Prudential Asset Management Ltd., breaks the stranglehold Hong Kong's brokers had on the exchange's board. | | | Other Webb goals: promoting the election of independent directors to company boards; reforming rubber-stamp shareholder voting procedures; and the legalization of class actions against mismanaged companies. |
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http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_20/b3833013_mz047.htm
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