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| | Economy of the German Democratic Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | In market economies, prices, which are based on cost and utility considerations, permit the determination of value, even if imperfectly. | | | The private sector of the economy was small but not entirely insignificant. | | | More difficult to assess, because of its covert and informal nature, was the significance of that part of the private sector called the "second economy." As used here, the term includes all economic arrangements or activities that, owing to their informality or their illegality, took place beyond state control or surveillance. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_East_Germany
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| | Treuhandanstalt |
| | Subordinated to the Minister of Finance and Economy and responsible to the Audit Division, the Treuhandanstalt is an institution of public law. | | | While other East European countries in transition have as main objectives to establish monetary stability with a convertible currency, an institutional infrastructure, and the adjustment of the economy, especially on the enterprise level, East Germany took over with the unification a hard currency and the institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany. | | | The expansionary fiscal policy of the government, in form the of transfers to the new Lander, accounted for 42 billion in 1990. |
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http://www.fatemi.com/CONFERENCES/treuhandanstalt.html
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| | Germany 4.1 - Post-war development and structure of the German economy |
| | During the Nazi regime, the economy was primarily planned and state-directed. | | | In terms of industrial employment by sector, mechanical engineering was the largest sector in Germany in 1997 with some 900,000 employees. | | | This was supported by the monetary reform in 1948, the establishment of a competition-orientated system, capital and currency aid for investments and imports with the help of the Marshall-Plan. |
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http://info.wlu.ca/~wwwgeog/special/vgt/English/ger_mod4/unit1.htm
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| | Civil Society and East Ge |
| | East Germany immediately began to rely heavily on the annual payments. | | | In addition, to make up for the poor investment opportunities in East Germany, the government also offers business subsidies and tax breaks to companies willing to invest in the east. | | | While Germany is providing subsidies and tax breaks to incapable businesses, Poland lets the cutthroat competition of capitalism have its way with them. |
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http://allfreeessays.com/student/Civil_Society_and_East_Germany.html
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| | How to get rid of a planned economy |
| | In the "Principles" for the development of East Germany, the establishment and financing of job-maintenance companies were made the exclusive responsibilities of state governments and the Federal Institute of Labor. | | | These "Principles" for the development of East Germany also cited, aside from the Governing Board, further organizational linkages between the THA and the new states: THA economic cabinets, advisory boards of the branch offices, and direct contacts between government and administrative offices and the enterprise sectors, responsible for privatization. | | | For the most part, developments in Germany's international economic relations were the underlying factors here: for example, breakaway Eastern European markets and the global economic crisis with all of its repercussions on income, employment, and government budgets. |
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http://www.fernuni-hagen.de/POLAD/hypertexte/trust.html
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| | East & West Germany Struggle To Become A Unified Nation |
| | To help the East get on its feet, a special tax was created called the “additional solidarity charge.” The plan was to abolish this tax after only a few years, but it still exists, amounting to 7.5% of total salary. | | | There is only one East German party that survived the unification process: the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS)--the same party that governed the GDR, only with another name. | | | Both East and West Germans have to pay this tax, but without unification it wouldn’t exist. |
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http://baltimorechronicle.com/east_west_germany.html
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| | Germany: A Brighter Sun In The East |
| | East German workers log an average of 100 hours more per year than their Western counterparts, according to the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau, a quasi-public development bank, while unit labor costs are 2.6% lower. | | | Germany could also better spend the $110 billion a year it pumps into the East German economy. | | | That's helping the East attract investment and build exports, which account for 25% of the region's output, vs. 14% in 1991. |
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http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_40/b3902085_mz054.htm
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| | The East Prussian Genealogy Website - History of Germany by John Holwell |
| | The situation was saved in November 1923 when the ablest of Germany's republican politicians, Gustav Stressmann, introduced a new currency and improved Germany's relations with the western nations, paving the way for foreign loans and a more reasonable schedule of reparations payments. | | | It provided for a democratically elected parliament, the Reichstag, but granted it only the limited powers of fiscal appropriation and debate. | | | The payment of reparations, in both cash and kind, had placed an enormous strain on a country already bankrupted by more than four years of war. |
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http://www.paetzel.info/histgerm.htm
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| | Larkey: Political Economy of Memory in East Germany |
| | These resources have been phased out as of 1995, with responsibility reverting to the cities and Land governments who have less financial resources at their disposal to devote to such purposes (12). | | | While West German politicians generally refuse to grant the PDS any legitimacy in the political discourse in spite of its seats in the Bundestag and in the Land parliaments of the Federal States of Brandenburg, Berlin and Sachsen-Anhalt, the PDS is the only party to represent interests of the people in the East. | | | Other private initiatives emerged to fill the void and address the needs which were now exposed to market forces and free of government interference. |
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http://www.bsos.umd.edu/CSS97/papers/larkey.html
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| | NTU Info Centre: East Germany |
| | East Germany was generally regarded as the most economically advanced member of the Warsaw Pact. | | | Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Liberal Democratic Party of Germany, LDPD), merged with the West-German FDP after reunification | | | East Germany was a member of the Warsaw Pact. |
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http://www.nowtryus.com/article:East_Germany
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| | East Germany - Chapter 3. The Economy |
| | Data calculated on the basis of noncommunist concepts will be identified by the use of such Western terms as gross national product; East German statistics will be called official data or identified by such terms as gross social product or national income. | | | The condition of the economy is all the more remarkable when one considers the circumstances under which it has developed. | | | East Germany is a major supplier of advanced technology to the other members. |
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http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-5094.html
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| | Kiel Institute of World Economics Duesternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany) (SMEALSearch) - ... |
| | Premature formation of a currency union led to a substantial real appreciation of the East German currency. | | | Analysis in terms of the two-sector open economy shows that in bringing the market economy to East Germany, West Germany seems to have disregarded important fundamentals. | | | Both measures made East German production possibilities and employment decline. |
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http://smealsearch2.psu.edu/4425.html
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| | Germany says Privatization of East Complete Business Deutsche Welle 20.11.2003 |
| | The German state's oroginal plan -- to cover the costs of privatization with the proceeds of the sale of East German companies -- was quickly proved unrealistic. | | | Since beginning its work in 1990, the German government’s organization for privatization, known as the Treuhandanstalt and later as the BvS, has reintegrated some 4,000 ex-communist businesses into the private sector. | | | Thirteen years after reunification, the privatization of East Germany’s economy has been officially declared complete. |
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http://www.dw-world.de/english/0,3367,1431_A_1037881_1_A,00.html
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| | 2. The German Democratic Republic (East Germany). 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History |
| | On May 30 the Congress adopted the draft constitution of the Democratic Republic. | | | As a countermove to developments in the West, the GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC was established in eastern Germany without an election and with WILHELM PIECK as PRESIDENT and OTTO GROTEWOHL as MINISTER PRESIDENT (a figurehead role for an aging Social Democrat), and with a predominantly Communist cabinet. | | | Still, held up in comparison with Eastern Europe generally, the economy in East Germany during the 40 years after the Second World War was one of the most successful in the region. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/67/3011.html
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| | Essay Depot - Berlin Wall |
| | Their economy was suffering already, and with the loss of so many people the economy would be hopeless. | | | Many of these people were from East Berlin, and the government of East Germany knew that they couldn’t afford to loose all of these people. | | | Many of the people that were leaving were skilled trades men, or members of professions. |
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http://www.essaydepot.com/essayme/842
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| | Economy of East Germany Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com |
| | Clarins Multi-active Day Cream Gel For All Skin Types - Size: 50ml | | | Content moved to Talk:Economy of East Germany, see there for explanation. | | | Economy of East Germany Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com |
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http://wikiwhat.com/encyclopedia/e/ec/economy_of_east_germany.html
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