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Local food - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In localized economiesb>, where a variety of common goods and services are provided by individuals and businesses within the immediate community (as opposed to by outlets and branches of large corporations), a direct of exchange of values is quite feasible.
As such, local food (as opposed to global food) reduces or eliminates the costs of transport, processing, packaging, and advertising.
It is part of the concept of local purchasing, a preference to buy locally produced goods and services.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_food (1896 words)



East Asian Tigers - Wikipedia

The current criticism of the East Asian Tigers is that these economiesb> focus exclusively on export-demand, at the cost of import-demand.
Thus, these economiesb> are heavily reliant on the economic health of their targeted export nations.
Many economists have pointed out that the governments of the tigers were quite active in their economiesb>.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_Tigers (1896 words)



Baltic Tiger - Wikipedia

After 2001, the Baltic Tiger economiesb> implemented important economic reforms and liberalisation, which, coupled with their fairly low-wage and skilled labour force, attracted large amounts of foreign investment and therefore economic growth.
Additionally, Estonia is among the top five most liberal economiesb> in the world, and Lithuania and Latvia have been praised for their macroeconomic stability, especially low inflation and low budget deficits.
Baltic Tiger is a term used to refer to any of the three Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - during their periods of economic boom, which started after the year 2001 and continues up to the present moment.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Tiger (1896 words)



FT Mastering Management Online - Anatomy of a Crisis: Thailand's Party and the Hangover

The financial infrastructures of these economiesb> were revealed as grossly inadequate, as were the legal systems that supported them.
The foreign lenders/investors were glad to assist because they could provide large volumes of capital at better rates than they could achieve at home, particularly when their own economiesb> were at the time in a downswing.
Japan had been using the Tiger economiesb> for this purpose, but their price benefits were decreasing as wages and costs rose.

http://www.ftmastering.com/mmo/mmo01_1.htm (1896 words)



Finance & Development June 1998 - Aging in the Asian Tiger Economiesb>

Thus, economiesb> with high shares of the population in the labor force may exhibit high saving rates; conversely, economiesb> with high overall dependency rates may exhibit low saving rates.
Assuming a resumption of rapid growth in the region's economiesb>, their relative weight in the world economy would become much greater by the first quarter of the next century.
For China and the Southeast Asian tigers, where coverage rates of social insurance programs are less extensive and benefit rates are lower, the projected worsening of the public sectors' financial balances is much less (in the absence of policy changes broadening social insurance commitments).

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1998/06/heller.htm (1896 words)



The Globalist Global Economy -- Asia and the American Model

A new model of consumer-led growth is beginning to emerge in the tiger economiesb> — in South Korea and Thailand, in particular.
A new model of consumer-led growth is beginning to emerge in the tiger economiesb>.
After all, an economy’s growth is perhaps the key variable that determines long-term investor profits.Evidently, the Asian tigers still have a way to go in their economic reforms, both in the private and public sectors.

http://www.theglobalist.com/DBWeb/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=2588 (1896 words)



ConservationEconomy.net Pattern Browser

Jane Jacobs has proposed that the health of local economiesb> be measured by the number of dollars of local economic activity they generate for every dollar of goods they import.
Diverse Local Economiesb> are good at meeting local needs, and tend to add as much value as possible before exporting goods and services.
Transactions in local currencies are subject to the same laws and taxes that would apply for normal transactions, with hours simply accounted by their equivalence value.

http://www.conservationeconomy.net/content.cfm?PatternID=50 (944 words)



Appendix 5 - Section 9 - The Asian 'Tiger Economiesb>'

The second aspect of the aims and purposes of higher education which are stressed by the tiger economiesb> is the role of higher education in the development of social and moral values.
There is general agreement that high savings have permitted very high levels of investment in the tiger economiesb>.
However, the distinctions made in many of the tiger economiesb> between public and private, and indeed between higher education sectors, are not as significant as they might seem.

http://www.soton.ac.uk/~dearing/a5_109.htm (944 words)



OECD Observer: Local heroes: Enterprise for local economiesb>

Some hold that business creation reduces unemployment and its social costs, and that local economiesb> might be locked into low levels of entrepreneurship in the absence of public initiatives.
Local governments should ensure the availability of business premises offering affordable and flexible rents, but they do not need to invest in the buildings themselves.
But in smaller local areas, the effect of entrepreneurship on incomes and employment may not be straightforward.

http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/989/Local_heroes:_Enterprise_for_local_economies.html (1756 words)



Bain & Company: In the news detail < In the news < Publications

Companies in the tiger economiesb> are undergoing the same sort of evolution as those in America and Europe once did.
The rapid industrial rise of China is the third shock in quick succession to companies in neighbouring economiesb>.
China's gradual re-entry into the global economy during the 1990s, and its recent acceptance as a member of the World Trade Organisation, mark the end of this phase.

http://bain.com/bainweb/publications/in_the_news_detail.asp?id=7217&... (1756 words)



Asia Times: India may roar ahead of Asian tiger economiesb>

India's partially opened economy is still rated as the most protected of emerging-market economiesb>, but these days controls are tariff-based rather than through a cumbersome and much-reviled licensing system.
Ahya said that the Asian tiger economiesb> like Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore, which posted an average growth rate of 8 percent last year, may actually fall way behind India's GDP growth rate this year and even show negative results.
India's Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha said that India is faring better than most Asian economiesb> because it is "not so closely integrated into the global economy like them".

http://atimes.com/ind-pak/DA04Df03.html (1756 words)



TIGER ECONOMIESb>

In most of these economiesb>, in one form or another, the government intervened—systematically and through multiple channels—to foster development, and in some cases the development of specific industries.
The so-called Tiger Economiesb>, which are more properly known as Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs), may be referred to under the heading of “new international division of labour (NIDL)”.
Economic growth in industrial economiesb> was rapid, barriers to trade were declining and global efforts to spur free trade under GATT were the order of the day.

http://www.pupilvision.com/uppersixth/tiger.htm (1756 words)



"Economic Impact of Rural Health Care and Hospitals on their Local Economiesb>" - Kentucky Rural Health Works Program

Future extension and applied research activity is being directed at measuring the full economic impact of individual rural hospitals on their local economy.
This growth and stability comes from their direct provision of jobs, indirect support of local services and hospital employee spending on local goods and services.
Another 4 million dollars is due to business spending by local hospital suppliers and employee purchases in the local economy.

http://www.ca.uky.edu/KRHW/pubs/02ec_impact_rural.html (826 words)



Sustainable Development for Local Economiesb> - Basic Principles

It is important to note that sustainable development for local economiesb> is not a strategy to create autarkic communities that are only self-sufficient and totally unconnected to the rest of the world.
Local economiesb> benefit when stakeholders within the system are connected up so as to help create social capital.
Local communities or authorities usually must offer incentives to encourage businesses to relocate, such as land, infrastructure, tax breaks, and exemptions from labour and environmental regulations.

http://www2.essex.ac.uk/ces/ResearchProgrammes/loceconsd.htm (6434 words)



Newsletter - CitNet

The Local Currencies in the 21st Century program is based on the belief that strong regional economiesb> are inextricably tied to the goals of democratic participation, social justice, and economic equity.
While the global economy works efficiently to centralize ownership and the control of wealth, decentralized regional economiesb> are an important counterpoint working to redistribute wealth as broadly as possible while supporting unique regional identitie s and cultures.
Local Currencies in the 21st Century is designed as a results-oriented program intended to provide attendees with an understanding of the principles of stable monetary issue, and empower them with the tools to implement a local currency system in their own community.

http://www.citnet.org/newsletters/2004-09/event-currencies.aspx (994 words)



Resurgence issue 206 - GLOBAL PROBLEMS, LOCAL SOLUTIONS - Wendell Berry

They are trying to learn to use the consumer economiesb> of local towns and cities to preserve the livelihoods of local farm families and farm communities.
The "free trade", which from the standpoint of the corporate economy brings "unprecedented economic growth", from the standpoint of the land and its local populations, and ultimately from the standpoint of the cities, is destruction and slavery.
In default of government protections against the total economy of the supranational corporations, people are where they have been many times before: in danger of losing their economic security and their freedom, both at once.

http://www.resurgence.org/resurgence/issues/berry206.htm (4666 words)



LGC: Economic Development

Communities that are livable have strong, vibrant economiesb> that encourage local enterprise, serve the needs of residents and promote stable employment.
Local Focus: Because each community's most valuable assets are the ones they already have, and existing businesses are already contributing to their home communities, economic development efforts should give first priority to supporting existing enterprises as the best source of business expansion and local job growth.
Local and regional plans and policies should contain these physical and economic development planning principles to focus development activities in desired existing areas.

http://www.lgc.org/economic (1006 words)



Local development initiatives and the management of change in Europe - Frank Pyke

As localities seek to develop their economiesb> along high value lines it becomes important that a range of promotional, modernising and standards raising initiatives are moving generally in the same direction, complementing and supporting one another.
At the local level, in both kinds of initiative, representatives of employers' and workers' organizations, local administrations, specific enterprises, financial institutions and other interest groups come together to elaborate a strategic development plan of action, in writing, to which all "partners" formally agree to contribute, and from which all are expected to benefit.
A generalised feature of the changes has been the heightened salience of locally based small firms as creators of employment, as quality suppliers to larger firms in supply chains, and as competitive units in their own right, invoking the need for new practices and policies appropriate to these kinds of enterprises.

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/publ/etp31.htm (10021 words)



Tiger Economy

With the injection of large amounts of foreign investment capital, these economiesb> grew substantially between the late 1980's and early-to-mid 1990's.
Some of the reasons for this period of financial turmoil included huge debt servicing expenses and inequitable distribution of wealth, as most of the wealth remained in the control of an elite few.
Since the late 1990's these economiesb> have recovered fairly well and look to become more active participants in the global market.

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tigereconomy.asp (10021 words)



Export Growth Slows for Asia's Tiger Economiesb>

Since most of these countries keep their currencies linked to the dollar, last year's weaker dollar also helped the international competitiveness of the tiger economiesb> and their emulators, while this year's stronger one has done the opposite.
The deceleration in part reflects a healthy cooling off of economiesb> that were running the risk of overheating.
"The export slowdown shows that even Asian countries have business cycles," said Paul Krugman, a professor of economics at Stanford University, though he added that he thought the Asian economiesb> would take another decade to drop down to the growth rates experienced by the more mature industrial nations.

http://partners.nytimes.com/library/financial/080396crisis-tiger-exports.html (10021 words)



Catallaxis: Local Living Economiesb>

Living economy public policies support decentralized ownership of businesses and farms, fair wages, taxes, and budget allocations, trade policies benefiting local economiesb>, and stewardship of the natural environment.
Living economy consumers appreciate the benefits of buying from living economy businesses and, if necessary, are willing to pay a price premuim to secure those personal and community benefits.
To the extent that economic localization is being pursued via the mutual pursuit of transparency, choice, and accountability, we can rest assured that it is consistent with the ideals of the market economy (not to mention democratic governance and civil society).

http://www.catallaxis.com/2005/05/local_living_ec.html (664 words)



Returns to scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Network externalities resemble economiesb> of scale, but they are not considered such because they are a function of the number of users of a good or service in an industry, not of the production efficiency within a business.
If costs increase proportionately, there are no economiesb> of scale, if costs increase by a greater amount, there are diseconomies of scale, if costs increase by a lesser amount, there are (positive) economiesb> of scale.
Typically, because there are fixed costs of production, economiesb> of scale are initially increasing, and as volume of production increases, eventually diminishing, which produces the standard U-shaped cost curve of economic theory.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale (664 words)



Putting the Heart Back in Local Economiesb>

The money stays locally, Lisa gets the loan she needs, and the investors get to keep the connection between their money and their hearts, and know that their money is being well used, instead of surrendering that connection to the anonymous `market'.
There are no laws that say that economiesb> must always be run the way they have for the past 200 years, exuding selfishness, greed, ecological ruin and tax-evasion.
Or you might want to learn from the example of neighbourhoods in Scotland, where residents have set up community-owned businesses, creating jobs and generating local incomes, where the profits are returned to the community as a whole, to be used for more community benefit.

http://www.ru.org/artdaunc.html (1585 words)



International Worker No. 239: Asian Tiger economiesb> crash

The crisis of the Asian "Tiger" economiesb> makes clear that the growing instability of the world's financial markets leaves no region, no country and no big business corporation unscathed.
The huge growth rates over the last three decades in the South East Asian countries were routinely used to prove the viability of capitalism and to provide lessons for the ailing economiesb> of Britain and Western Europe.
Their collapses are likely to surpass that of the Mexican economy after December 1994, when its currency plummeted by 40% after a sudden withdrawal of foreign capital precipitated by concerns over the government's ability to repay loans.

http://www.socialequality.org.uk/iw/239/2a239.htm (1585 words)



[Report] Medical Device Markets in the Asia Pacific Region: All Change in the Tiger Economiesb>?

The traditional tiger economiesb>, characterised by economic growth, free market environment, developed industry and investment in health and health infrastructure have had a long haul back from the financial instability and economic downturn in the 1990 s.
[Report] Medical Device Markets in the Asia Pacific Region: All Change in the Tiger Economiesb>?
Medical Device Markets in the Asia Pacific Region: All Change in the Tiger Economiesb>?

http://www.the-infoshop.com/study/es30285-medical-device-asia.html (1585 words)



Local Currencies in the 21st Century: Conference Information

The Schumacher Society is convening the conference out of the belief that strong regional economiesb> are inextricably tied to the goals of democratic participation, social justice, economic equity, and environmental sustainability.
The conference will introduce and expand on the concept of local and complementary currencies including Ithaca HOURS, Time Dollars, LETS systems, micro-credit programs, interest-free banking, and other community-oriented monetary systems for a new generation of students, activists, community development professionals, academics, cultural leaders, and concerned citizens from around the world.
During the course of the conference, attendees will choose from a variety of workshops and seminars designed for their level of experience and particular interest regarding the subject matter.

http://www.localcurrency.org/info.html (914 words)



get here: fiscal policy tiger economiesb>

will the aging of populations in Asia's tiger economiesb> pose for their social insurance and...
Economiesb>: General Government Fiscal Balances and Debt 1.4 Advanced...
Unleashing the Tiger, 1987?2000 A radical policy shift was needed because of...

http://www.taxi1329.de/fiscal_policy__tiger_economies.html (914 words)



The E. F. Schumacher Society • Tools For Change Seminars

He speaks and consults around the country on strategies for strengthening local and regional economiesb>, and is one of the founding board members of the Business Alliance for Local Living Economiesb>, an international network of community-based businesses.
Local purchasing will cover a variety of buy-local strategies, including business-to-consumer (local currencies, time dollars, local first campaigns), business-to-business (the WIR, Oregon Marketplace), and business-to-government (school-to-farm programs and other selective procurement efforts).
Local investing will cover new strategies for moving capital into LOIS businesses, including local banking, credit unions, the Community Reinvestment Act, local investment funds (venture, hedge, pension, mutual), and proposed state stock markets.

http://www.smallisbeautiful.org/seminars.html (1523 words)



Economiesb> of agglomeration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

It is related to the idea of economiesb> of scale and network effects, in that the more related firms that are clustered together, the lower the cost of production (firms have competing multiple suppliers, greater specialization and division of labor result) and the greater the market that the firm can sell into.
The term Economiesb> of agglomeration is used in urban economics to describe the benefits that firms obtain when locating near each other.
It is this tension between economiesb> and diseconomies that allows cities to grow, but keeps them from becoming too large.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_agglomeration (181 words)



Local Futures

Local Futures annual report on the State of the Nation analyses the geography of opportunity in modern Britain and is accompanied by a CD-ROM containing a range of tools and information for assessing regional and local prospects.
At a recent Local Futures roundtable, delegates from Local Authorities across England discussed the government's Local Enteprise Growth Initiative and their plans for bids.
ODPM joined the Knowledge Economy Network this month, joining the DTI and DEFRA as national government department representatives.

http://www.localfutures.com (160 words)

Topic: Economies <b>of<

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