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Ads by Google      Economic surplus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For information about a budget surplus, see budget deficit. In heterodox economics, the economic surplus denotes the total income which the ruling class derives from its ownership of society's (productive) assets, which is either reinvested or spent on consumption. In national accounts, operating surplus is roughly equal to distributed and undistributed pre-tax profit income, net of depreciation. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producer_surplus   (317 words)      * Economic surplus - (Business): Definition Economic surplus For any entity, the difference between the market value of all its assets and the market value of its liabilities. The surplus as measured using regulatory accounting principles (RAP), which may allow the nonmarket valuation of assets or liabilities and which may be materially different from economic surplus. Economic surplus For any entity, the difference between the of all its and the market value of its... http://www.mimihu.com/business/economic_surplus.html   (261 words)      FRBSF: Economic Letter - The Changing Budget Picture (03/22/2002) Currently, the full-employment budget is still in surplus; if economic activity had not declined during 2001, the federal government would be running a budget surplus. Figure 4 shows that when these Social Security surpluses are separated out of the overall budget, the remaining budget, referred to as the on-budget surplus, was actually in deficit in 2001, despite an overall surplus of $127 billion, and the on-budget balance is projected to remain in deficit until 2010. For 2002, this range extends from a surplus of $108 billion to a deficit of $149 billion. http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2002/el2002-08.html   (1891 words)      Consumer Surplus and Economic Well-Being Consumer surplus, the amount that buyers are willing to pay for a good minus the amount they actually pay for it, measures the benefit that buyers receive from a good as the buyers themselves perceive it. http://www.cameron.edu/~abduls/mpp/chap07/tsld016.htm   (36 words)      Basic Concepts of Economic Value The economic benefit to individuals is often measured by consumer surplus. Economic benefits to producers are measured by producer surplus, the area above the supply curve and below the market price. Thus, economic value is measured by the most someone is willing to give up in other goods and services in order to obtain a good, service, or state of the world. http://www.ecosystemvaluation.org/1-01.htm   (1069 words)      Market Price Method Producer surplus is measured by the difference between the total revenues earned from a good, and the total variable costs of producing it. Similarly, producer surplus is measured by the difference between the total revenues earned from a good, and the total variable costs of producing it. The total net economic benefit, or economic surplus, is the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus. http://www.ecosystemvaluation.org/market_price.htm   (1424 words)      reviewjournal.com -- News: ECONOMIC FORUM: Surplus estimate grows Economic Forum members also projected that total tax revenue for the budget period between July 1 and June 30, 2007, to be about $5.94 billion, or $180 million more than the $5.76 billion estimate made five months ago. By law, the revenue and surplus projections by the Economic Forum must be used by the Legislature in setting state spending. According to economic projections, the state of Nevada has as much as $585 million of them in surplus for the fiscal year ending June 30, and lawmakers will have to wrestle with how much of that to spend or give back to residents. http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2005/May-03-Tue-2005/news/26430968.html   (1137 words)      ISNAR - Discussion Forum on Priority Setting in Agricultural Research The economic surplus model shows to what extent research-induced reductions in production costs may reduce market prices, and thus change the distribution of benefits between consumers and/or producers of a commodity in a way which simpler versions of benefit/cost analysis do not. Moreover, analysis in economic surplus terms can be used to show how economic policy interventions, such as commodity price ceilings, over-valued exchange rates, and/or subsidies and taxes, distort or even eliminate the welfare gains which might otherwise have been obtained from research. Measures of economic surplus thus allow for: (a) price response to research-induced quantity shifts and (b) apportionment of research benefits between producers and consumers. http://www.isnar.cgiar.org/fora/priority/MeSurplus.htm   (1052 words)      Monthly Review April 2000 John Bellamy Foster The economic surplus generated by firms, according to the foregoing analysis, is enhanced by the pursuit of monopoly power and the pursuit of monopoly power generates its own costs, which increasingly dominate the balance sheets of firms. An item-by-item accounting of total economic surplus, incorporating all of the relevant components from official government estimates of national income and output, is a difficult undertaking which obviously cannot be attempted here. Although conventional economics textbooks still tell us that the existence of a perfectly competitive economy guarantees that economic profits are short-lived or nonexistent, in the real world of late capitalism, large firms not only obtain persistent profits, but there is a hierarchy of profit rates between firms. http://www.monthlyreview.org/400jbf.htm   (5362 words)      Saving the Surplus to Save Social Security: What Does It Mean? But the surplus in the trust fund cannot be used to retire the national debt if it instead must be used to finance a deficit in the rest of government. The purpose of this brief is to investigate the implications of adhering to the budget resolution for saving surpluses as it is described in the original budget resolution for fiscal year 2000. With the surplus saved, the consumption of goods and services at first falls compared to the balanced budget baseline, which might have resulted in tax cuts, increased transfer payments, or more government spending on public consumption. http://www.urban.org/urlprint.cfm?ID=7240   (3296 words)      U.S. Economy: The Federal Budget Surplus Surprise - Expand Your Insight - FRB Dallas Analysts are still trying to fully explain the budget surplus surprise, but several factors emerge from a comparison of the actual fiscal 1998 budget outcome with the May 1996 CBO projection. The deficit decline and the move into surplus resulted from a combination of factors, including a surge in individual income tax receipts, slower growth of medical costs, lower interest rates, economic growth and the 1990 and 1993 deficit-reduction laws. The steady deficit decline from 1993 to 1996 was followed by a surprise that moved the budget close to balance in 1997 and into surplus in 1998. http://www.dallasfed.org/eyi/usecon/9908surplus.html   (790 words)      Kuwait's budget surplus Economic Review The projected budget for 2003/04 shows an increase of 5.8% in the non-oil revenues compared to the budget of 2002/03. Like the previous years, the reason behind the budget surplus has been the higher oil prices as well as the under spending of the total allocated expenditure. Although the budget for 2002/03 had set all the segments to increase, spending on transport and equipment, or capital expenditures, actually declined marginally by 1.7% to total KD23.7mn in 2002/03 as compared to KD24.1mn in 2001/02. http://www.ameinfo.com/news/Detailed/32099.html   (1321 words)      TAKIS FOTOPOULOS - Direct and Economic Democracy in Ancient Athens This democracy would not be based, as before, on the external financing of the huge public expenditures, but on the drastic reduction of the economic inequality amongst residents, through the heavier taxing of the higher strata and the parallel abolition of slavery which functioned as a disincentive for productive work. Slavery, therefore, played a decisive role in the production of economic surplus only as regards the production that was under the control of the state (e.g., the mines at Lavrion) and the big landowners. In other words, the mechanisms through which the surplus (that usually takes the form of spoils, and tribute income from subservient states, but also income from taxes imposed on the citizens themselves), is extracted and distributed are not economic, but basically political. http://www.democracynature.org/dn/vol1/fotopoulos_athens.htm   (4709 words)      The exploits of university Marxism The economic surplus is, in the briefest possible definition, the difference between what a society produces and the costs of producing it... By substituting the law of rising surplus for the law of falling profit, we are therefore not rejecting or revising a time-honoured theorem of political economy: we are simply taking account of the fact that the structure of the capitalist economy has undergone a fundamental change since that theorem was formulated. The potential surplus is that which could be the net product (corresponding to global surplus value) of capitalist society if it was more «rational», if it did not engender unemployment, or luxury production, or unproductive workers, or wastage; i.e. http://www.sinistra.net/lib/upt/compro/lipi/lipifbocee.html   (8772 words)      Campbell R. Harvey's Hypertextual Finance Glossary The employment rate is one of the economic indicators that economists examine to help understand the state of the economy. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty provided for the move to Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), including a European Monetary Institute to coordinate the economic and monetary policy of the EU, a European Central Bank (ECB) to govern these policies, and the presentation of a single European currency. Selling common stock/convertibles in one company and reinvesting the proceeds in as many shares of (1) another type of security issued by the company, or (2) another security of the same type but of another company -- as can be bought with the proceeds of the sale. http://www.duke.edu/~charvey/Classes/wpg/bfglose.htm   (8434 words)      1 Suppose your economics class is graded such that the average score on any exam is considered a C (i.e., average and passing). the sum of all the individual economic surpluses gained by buyers and sellers in a market. No transaction can be made that will benefit both a buyer and seller. http://www.econ.ucsd.edu/~nlebedev/econ2/practice1.htm   (1537 words)      The Economic Ideas of Mao Zedong: Agricultural Transformation - Utsa Patnaik Both in China and India, countries with a long established agrarian production, the economic surplus actually produced around 1950 in the agrarian sector could not have been less than between a quarter to a third of the net domestic product contributed by that sector, while the unproductive part was about two-thirds of the total surplus. The counter-revolution in the USSR and its rapid economic and social collapse since 1990 under the regime of "market reforms", lends a special interest to the sharply contrasting scenario in the world's largest remaining socialist state. In terms of workers too, the potential labour surplus is 24 {60 minus 36) or 66.7 per cent of the total work force. http://www.ignca.nic.in/ks_41032.htm   (3877 words)      REVIEW OF WALSH AND GRAM The issue of whether or not a particular economic activity yields a surplus is the same as the issue of whether or not that activity is productive (in the classical sense). This requires, then, that the economic decisions that make use of this knowledge be similarly decentralized. Smith accounted for land in his formulation, but believed that both the agricultural sector and the industrial sector were productive of a surplus. http://www.auburn.edu/~garriro/r3walsh.htm   (2334 words)      Producer Surplus The resources that capture the surplus are those that are especially good at producing the product in question or that have no other uses, and hence will be used for that product even when prices are low. Sometimes, the resource that captures economic rent is labor. We have seen that the value Charles gets but which he does pay for ($5.00 in our example) is called consumers' surplus. http://ingrimayne.saintjoe.edu/econ/MaximizingBeha/ProdSurp.html   (542 words)      Economic Surplus For analytic purposes, the economic CBA requires for OandM costs to be split-up into fixed and variable costs. For both the main unit and the backup unit fuel costs are calculated as: http://www.energianalyse.dk/_support/cug/HTML/economicsurplus2.htm   (97 words)      SWISS1 This area represents the total increase in economic welfare (change in total surplus), and comprises both the changes in producer and consumer surplus resulting from the shift in supply. Gross annual research benefits, measured by the change in total surplus, represent the maximum possible potential benefits from a new technology. Change in total surplus (maximum potential benefits) as calculated in Table 5.2 were arrayed over a 30-year period for http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/InfoServ/Webpub/fulldocs/impact3/Chapter5.htm   (3304 words)      Comparative Economic Systems - Professor Satya Gabriel Experience with the concept of overdetermination and/or a course in Marxian theory, economic development, corporate finance, economics in film, U.S. economic history, or Asian economies may be useful, but not required. economic systems as the product of the complex interaction of cultural, political, environmental, and economic processes. For this reason, students should be prepared to learn new concepts, relationships, and methodologies that have been produced within the Marxian, political economy, corporate finance, and institutionalist debates. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/sgabriel/321.htm   (2739 words)      OIE - Revue A/180210 The estimated average return from the ten countries (ECU1.8 for each ECU invested in the campaign) demonstrates that based on the sample of countries, rinderpest control in Africa has been economically profitable. The figures obtained in ECU (European currency units) were between ECU0.27 and ECU0.60 per head of cattle vaccinated. Estimates of the value of production losses were obtained under both ‘with PARC’ and ‘without PARC’ scenarios and the incremental benefits were derived as the difference between the two scenarios. http://www.oie.int/eng/publicat/rt/1802/a_r18210.htm   (391 words)      OIE - Revue A/180202 For each of these levels, methods of economic impact assessment are outlined and discussed with respect to the objectives, data requirements and outputs of each type of assessment. Various levels of analysis are discussed, from the herd, to the household, the sector, the nation and the region. Animal diseases – Budgeting – Cost-benefit analysis – Economics – Economic surplus – Gross margin – Mathematical programming – Simulation. http://www.oie.int/eng/publicat/rt/1802/a_r18202.htm   (123 words)      [No title] Regulatory surplus can occur, even as liabilities may or may not be reported at their present value. ¤ò00>?ý>@ûøÿ€öÿÿù¤ò00€öÿ@öÿ€öÿ ¤ò00€öÿ€ž M€øøZû3ÿÿ,ÿÿÿ¥ÿÿd0d Economic Surplus"  , ÿ¥ÿÿd0dL€øýøZS ÿ¥ÿÿd0d 6 Economic surplus is the difference between the market value of an entityÕs assets and the market value of its liabilities. @ûøÿ€öÿÿù¨p00€öÿ@öÿ€öÿ ¨p00€öÿ€ M€úbøZüøÿÿ,ÿÿÿ¥ÿÿd0d Regulatory Surplus`  , ÿ¥ÿÿd0dL€üíøZS  ÿ¥ÿÿd0d  Regulatory accounting principles (RAP) are used by institutions that are regulated at the state or federal levels. http://home.ubalt.edu/NTSBMORS/FABOZZIPPT/chapter6.ppt   (1720 words)      The Economic Surplus: Theory, Measurement, Applications The second part examines the role of surplus in one country, and tests the classical hypotheses about growth in the long run and in a cross-section of countries. Economics - Business and Investing - Subjects - Economic Policy and Development Economics - Business and Investing - Subjects - Development and Growth http://www.literacyconnections.com/0_0275947653.html   (148 words)      [No title] That is, total economic surplus could be maximized by simply selling government owned rights-of-way to the highest bidder, and allowing this bidder to start a private rail system if they wish. D) Regardless of whether the policy makes sense in terms of total economic surplus, what is your guess as to why (interpreted in a positive as opposed to normative way) these politicians support the stimulation of foreign demand but not supply? D) Some have advocated that if a proper toll is charged with the T system, government need not make any decision on the LR system. http://faculty.washington.edu/erice/courses/BE_500/XFinal_99.doc   (1292 words)      Urban Land, Inequality and Taxation. The ownership of land and access to other environmental assets become increasingly ... The failure to adequately tax that surplus is an element in the impoverishment of the public sector. Multinational businesses are able to use tax havens and transfer pricing to minimise their company taxation liabilities. Multinational businesses are able to arrange their affairs globally, using tax havens and transfer pricing to minimise their company taxation liabilities. http://www.multiline.com.au/~georgist/good97dec2.htm   (3041 words)      Principles of Microeconomics, 1st Canadian Edition  Cyberlecture Sales taxes reduce the total amount of economic surplus in a market. If the tax revenue collected is used to return benefits to consumers and producers, then the loss in surplus is much less. If the supply is infinitely elastic, the consumer will pay the entire tax through the increase in the price of the product. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0070889740/student_view0/chapter7/cyberlecture.html   (922 words)      SSRN-Why (and How) Fairness Matters at the IP/Antitrust Interface by Daniel Farber, Brett McDonnell We begin by surveying some challenges that have been made to the theoretical underpinnings of exclusive reliance on economic efficiency, but go on to argue that, even on the terms of welfarism, some regard for distributive fairness is appropriate. Therefore, rules that favor fairness take into account the fact that a fair distribution is a social good for which people are willing to bargain. Such an ex ante agreement makes it easier for producers to gain a critical toehold in the market, fosters expansion, and allows consumers to receive more benefits from economies of scale. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=439040   (489 words)      RS Trading Company - Closeouts, Liquidations, Surplus Merchandise, Salvage Goods, and Overstocks RS Trading Company, your source for wholesale closeout merchandise, offering you closeouts, overstock, customer return merchandise, surplus and liquidation merchandise! We offer the largest selection of merchandise closeouts and liquidations, whether Closeouts, Liquidations, Discounts, Overstock, Salvage, Surplus Merchandise and/or Customer Returns, in the United States. We offer below wholesale prices on closeout and liquidation merchandise from major department store items, plus surplus and excess inventory liquidations. http://www.rstrading.com   (283 words)      MSN Encarta - Search Results - economic surplus Despite Japan's pledges to the contrary, the nation's trade surplus continued to mount, and the current-accounts surplus, which reached $14 billion in fiscal year 1977, showed little sign of decline. United States (Economy) : foreign trade and global economy: Japan’s trade surplus In 1992, Japan faced an economic slump and a series of political scandals involving government officials at the highest levels. http://encarta.msn.com/economic+surplus.html   (204 words)      [No title] The vertical value on the demand curve (marginal benefit) is greater than the vertical value on the supply curve (MC). Only the equilibrium will maximize economic surplus.¡>Z ZÖ8ª + [* BF#Marketing# ó  Ÿ¨!Market *] Equilibrium and Efficiency¡""(ª "[* BF#Marketing# Ÿ ¨³Markets *] will be efficient when Buyers and sellers are well informed. Demand measures all relevant benefits.¡& ” ”ª ´ ó;8 Ÿ¨Demand and Consumer Surplus¡(ª [* BF#Consumer# Ÿ  ÚConsumer *] Surplus The difference between a buyer s reservation price for a product and the price actually paid¡&] ]ª n ó http://www.ucd.ie/economic/staff/dscully/Micro/Lecture4.ppt   (1014 words)      Alcido Elenor Wander, Marilia Castelo Magalhaes, Graciela Luzia Vedovoto, Espedito Cezario Martins: Using the Economic ... With this method it is possible to estimate the return of investments by calculating a variation of consumer and producer surplus through a technological change originated by research. The so far obtained results serve as additional information for each technology to improve its adoption by beneficiaries and to enable access to new financing sources. Assessment of economic impacts of new technologies delivers very helpful information to justify investment efforts in research and development to generate new technologies. http://www.tropentag.de/2004/proceedings/node229.html   (334 words)      IFPRI: Media section--Seminars A methodology called SOLUS (Sustainable Options for Land USe) for regional land use analysis is presented that quantifies biophysical and economic sustainability trade-offs. There exists a general need for quantitative tools for ex-ante evaluation of alternative policy measures to support policy makers in regional rural development. Biophysical and economic disciplines are integrated and various types of knowledge, ranging from empirical expert judgement to deterministic process models, are synthesized in a systems-analytical manner. http://www.ifpri.org/events/seminars/050399.htm   (312 words)      Principles of Microeconomics, 1st Canadian Edition  Practice Activity 2 What will be the total economic surplus created by the market? What is the total hourly wage bill, and what is the total economic surplus created in this labour market? What is the market wage, and how many worker-hours are hired? http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0070889740/student_view0/chapter16/practice_activity_2.html   (104 words)      Title page for ETD etd-06132001-175021 The purpose of the study is to assess the economic impact of research on La Fleur 11 on the Senegalese economy through an ex-ante evaluation of the net social benefits from the adoption of this new variety. One of the solutions proposed by recent Senegalese administrations is to increase production through agricultural research and the development of peanut varieties that are adapted to the environmental constraints in Senegal. Results indicate that the net social benefits from the adoption of La Fleur 11 are positive. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06132001-175021   (405 words)      Economic Surplus Given to War (1951) to be "insatiable," up to the limit which the system can support, and, second the constantly increasing proportion of the social product which represents "economic surplus" which is available for social purposes, whether for welfare, fecundity, waste, or war. The reason for this change is, first, the tendency of any system of national defense... "Defense and Opulence: The Ethics of International Economics," American Economic Review, 1951; Collected Works, Vol. http://www.colorado.edu/econ/Kenneth.Boulding/quotes/q.body.9.html   (114 words)      Economic Surplus Therefore, how can the politicians be committed to invest the economic surplus in Nepalese production, job-creation and social integration? ...social security institute for civil servants, after the fiscal year 2002 (5,244 million of financial surplus and 4.045 million of economic surplus and 14,019... ...and so on — was seen as inherent to the contradictions between the owners of the means of production and those who worked to produce the economic surplus. http://finance.za-news.com/new/Economic_Surplus.html   (180 words)      Imapct Assessment: MODEXC - Economic Surplus Analysis Model As a result, the assessment of the socioeconomic impact of new technologies is a very broad concept that goes beyond the simple, direct effect of technology on production and prices. Imapct Assessment: MODEXC - Economic Surplus Analysis Model For example, the size of benefits in relation to necessary investments, the distribution of benefits among producers and consumers (large and small, rich and poor), and the externalities of the technology regarding its impact on the environment, on natural resources, and on other economic activities. http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/impact/modexc.htm   (273 words)      Conclusion For capitalistic enterprise to change significantly, all other aspects of the social system must change. Social and cultural integration cannot be considered apart from generating an economic surplus and both are directly related to the maintenance of economic and social order. Further, the interplay between the economic, social and political aspects of capitalist nations is intricate. http://www.gwu.edu/~edpol/manuscript/Chap2-Con.htm   (188 words)      [No title] Glenn Johnson, "Using More than one Variable Resource to Produce one Product" pp. The property rights to land allow an individual to claim the economic surplus, which is a major source of wealth to individuals. Land resource economics is about the study of the property rights to and generation of economic-surplus from real estate. http://www.agls.uidaho.edu/agec451   (297 words)      NCPA - Economic Issues - Economic Growth Increased Government Wages Result In Slower Economic Growth Small Businesses Are The Powerhouse Of Economic Growth Comparison Of Grassley & Daschle Economic Stimulus Plans http://www.ncpa.org/~ncpa/pd/economy/econ4.html   (193 words)      The Economic Surplus in Advanced Economies (New Directions in Modern Economics Series) New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ... Any of your suggestion is appreciated and will help us improve this free service. The Economic Surplus in Advanced Economies (By John Bryan Davis) The Economic Surplus in Advanced Economies (New Directions in Modern Economics Series) New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 1852785551 http://www.bookfinder4u.com/detail/1852785551.html   (165 words)      Determining How To Make Inputs Increase Your Economic Farm Surplus (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath McGrath (1997) showed that herds in Taranaki with a high EFS achieved without spending more. This is linked with an efficient conversion of grass Table 5: Economic Farm Surplus for differing maize grain costs @ $3.50/kg MS ($/ha) 0.2: ECONOMIC GROWTH CENTER YALE UNIVERSITY P.O. Box 208269 27.. http://smealsearch2.psu.edu/40550.html   (267 words)      Title page for ETD etd-01092003-115328 An Economic Surplus Evaluation of Aflatoxin-Reducing Research: A Case Study of Senegal's Confectionery Groundnut Sector As a result, in Senegal’s confectionery groundnut sector, CIRAD (a French scientific organization) has commenced research aimed at developing an aflatoxin-reducing program. The hypotheses underlying the study are as follows: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01092003-115328   (224 words)      networkideas.org - Economic Development, Income Distribution and Relative Prices: The First Brazilian Conference of the ... An IDEAs (International Development Economics Associates- www.networkideas.org) initiative to promote the teaching, research and applied analysis based on heterodox approaches to economics in the developing countries. Economic Development, Income Distribution and Relative Prices: The First Brazilian Conference of the Classical Surplus Approach,Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Both the critique of flawed orthodox theories and policies and the provision of a comprehensive alternative framework for analysing the process of economic development have advanced in the last few years. http://networkideas.org/events/sep2002/ea26_Classical_Surplus_Approach.htm   (701 words)      [No title] The economic surplus in advanced economies / ed. http://hans.ruc.dk/htbin/bog_dan/full.sh?base=bog&ccl=em%3DV%E6RDITEORI&fn=1852785551   (8 words)      The Concept of Economic Surplus and its Use in Economic Analysis The Concept of Economic Surplus and its Use in Economic Analysis Article provided by Royal Economic Society in its journal As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it: http://ideas.repec.org/a/ecj/econjl/v81y1971i324p741-99.html   (147 words)      Economic Surplus; Author: Danielson, Anders (Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Lund, Sweden); ... A method is developed emphasising the links to classical economic theory and the logical flaws of earlier works. Author: Danielson, Anders (Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Lund, Sweden) This work provides a definition of surplus and suggests an analytical framework for studying economic growth and stagnation using that concept. http://www.netstoreusa.com/bfbooks/027/0275947653.shtml   (194 words)

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