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| | Customs Unions |
 | | The larger the customs union, the larger the possibility that the most efficient producers of various goods will be inside the customs union and hence, the smaller the potential for trade diverting effects. | | | The more and the larger the countries participating in the customs union, the larger is its share in the total world trade and the smaller the risk of trade diversion. | | | Hence the trade creation effect of the customs union is the sum of (2) and (4), and the trade diversion effect is equal to area (5). |
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http://www.maths.tcd.ie/local/JUNK/econrev/ser/html/customs.html
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| | EUROPA - Taxation and Customs Union / Taxation and Customs Union |
| | EUROPA - Taxation and Customs Union / Taxation and Customs Union | | | by László Kovács, European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs, at the Conference "Tax harmonisation and legal uncertainty in Central and Eastern Europe" organised by the Austrian Chamber of Professional Accountants and Tax Advisors | | | IP/05/1501 - Customs: European Commission proposes a new customs environment to face globalisation challenges |
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http://europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs/index_en.htm
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| | Gulfnews: GCC customs union still facing minor obstacles |
| | The success of the customs union will be crucial for their ambitious plan to create an EU-style monetary union in 2010 and turn their six countries into a single economic and financial entity. | | | While conceding the customs union, which envisaged a common tariff of five per cent on foreign imports, is facing technical and administrative problems, they noted such obstacles had been expected during the provisional period. | | | It is true that we have already launched the customs union but the truth is that we have a three-year transitional period to clear all outstanding issues," said Ibrahim Al-Sabti, director of the GCC's Finance and Customs Department. |
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http://search.gulfnews.com/articles/03/08/29/96305.html
(578 words)
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| | Completion of the Customs Union and the Accession of Turkey to the European Union |
| | Adopting the Common customs tariff and all the relevant customs legislation is not sufficient for the completion of the Customs Union. | | | The Joint Customs Union Committee (which was established by Decision 1/95) shall monitor the implementation and application of the IPR provisions of this Decision and perform other tasks which the Association Council may assign to it. | | | The Turkish Customs legislation already in force, mainly the Customs Law (Gümrük Kanunu) of 1970 (No. 1615) and all the regulations and bylaws adopted thereunder were to a great extent based on the same international customs agreements and furthermore amended over the years in conformity with the EC requirements. |
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http://www.ecsanet.org/conferences/ecsaworld3/kabaalioglu.htm
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| | CUSTOMS UNION BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION |
| | The Customs Union with the EU is the most comprehensive element that contributes to strengthening Turkey’s expanding role as a business partner. | | | The completion of the Customs Union is the most important development effecting Turkish economy since the adoption of liberalisation measures by the 1980s. | | | Apart from these, the Customs Union Decision (CUD) covers adoption of a wide range of legislation including all aspects of trade, participation in several conventions on intellectual, industrial and commercial property rights and harmonisation to the technical standards of the EU. |
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http://www.foreigntrade.gov.tr/ab/ingilizce/gbnot.htm
(416 words)
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| | European Union, tax, customs, accession - Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu |
| | Customs Issues in the Enlarged EU Customs duties are taxes levied on goods imported into the EU from third countries, i.e. | | | The EU is a customs union, which means that the countries in the EU, including the ten accession countries after 1 May 2004, will have no customs duty barriers between them. | | | For companies and businesses who will continue to import from third countries after accession, customs duties and their effective management will be a critical issue. |
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http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/article/0,2297,sid=18634&cid=39634,00.html
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| | IPCRI |
| | The revenues from customs collections account for 25% of the PA’s GDP and the VAT revenues amount to an additional 9%. | | | Under the customs union the PA agreed to the Israeli tariff rates and to Israeli standards. | | | Furthermore, the Israeli decision to end the customs envelope arrangement with the Palestinians is a unilateral breach of an international agreement between the two parties. |
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http://www.ipcri.org/files/savetheunion.html
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| | CIS CUSTOMS UNION DEVELOPS |
| | The governments of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakstan jointly announced the creation of the CIS Customs Union in January 1995, as a means of promoting increased trade and investment between their three countries. | | | Under the customs union agreement, member countries are to phase out bilateral import and export tariff barriers. | | | U.S. companies doing business in member states of the CIS Customs Union may find that its provisions can both hinder and promote their business activities there. |
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http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps3997/9610cust.htm
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| | Gulfnews: GCC launches second phase of customs union |
| | It said member states had agreed that duties must be collected at the first customs point of entry in the region and that the shares of members of the revenues should be distributed according to the final destination of the imported goods during the transitional period. | | | The second phase began on January 1 under an agreement within the six-nation GCC for a three-year transitional period to ensure the success of the customs union and place them firmly on the way towards the long-sought common Gulf market. | | | The first phase began on January 1 last year and it involved the enforcement of the Customs Union, procedures governing export, re-export and transit goods, import documents on foreign products and free movement of national goods. |
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http://search.gulfnews.com/articles/04/01/14/107981.html
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| | TURKEY'S TEXTILES QUOTAS ASSAILED |
| | With the customs union becoming effective, the EU's restrictive quota regime and quotas on non-EU members appear to have been applied to imports into Turkey which is the second largest exporter of these items to the European Union. | | | With Turkey now an EU custom union member, that balance is upset and this too has to be resolved at the WTO General Council. | | | However, Canada complained that the WTO membership was still awaiting details of the customs union and integration. |
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http://www.sunsonline.org/trade/areas/industry/01300196.htm
(850 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The customs union is expected to give rise to an increased inflow of foreign direct investment which will modernize production facilities and bring in crucial international know how. | | | Consequently a customs union is far more important and comprehensive than a “free-trade area model” of economic union since it guarantees that all the imports coming from other countries are treated in the same manner (McDonald & Dearden, 1999). | | | Turkey would have the chance to benefit more from the customs union and foreign direct investments after it completes its economic reforms, which would bring more stability and power to Turkish economy. |
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http://www.geocities.com/ceteris_paribus_tr/sertoglu_ozturk.doc
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| | History of the European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | However, the referenda results were all in favour of joining, ratification proceeded without problems and the candidate countries became full members of the EU on May 1, 2004. | | | In 1943, the German ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Cecil von Renthe-Fink eventually proposed the creation of a European confederacy, which would have had a single currency, a central bank in Berlin, a regional principle, a labour policy and economic and trading agreements. | | | Their combined population is roughly 75 million; their combined Gross Domestic Product was about 840 billion US dollars (purchasing power parity; CIA World Factbook 2003), similar in size to that of Spain. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_European_Union
(3894 words)
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| | East Africa launches Customs Union |
| | The customs union is expected to present a good investment platform for both domestic and foreign investors due to their economies of scale. | | | The East African Community Customs Union Bill 2004, as endorsed on December 16, 2004 by EALA provides for a transitional decentralised administrative structure for the Customs Union. | | | Thus, the daily operations of customs like revenue collection will continue to be managed and administered by respective National Revenue Authorities. |
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http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news.php?articleid=9417
(549 words)
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| | Canada: Customs Union With U.S. Proposed |
| | The federal government is studying the feasibility of a customs union with the United States, a controversial move that could potentially hold huge economic benefits for Canadians. | | | Regardless, the C.D. Howe report argued that more analysis of the effects of a customs union, or variations of such a union such as one that was limited to specific sectors, is critical as Canada looks at ways to safeguard its access to the U.S. market. | | | A Canada-U.S. customs union would enable Canadian producers to operate in the North American market with fewer frictions, lower costs and greater predictability, and consumers would benefit from lower prices and more choice, the report argued. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/935290/posts
(864 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24 \par The legislative framework in the Customs Union sector \endash the Customs Act and the Implementing Regulation \endash are in force since 01.01.1999. | | | Mutual assistance between the administrative authorities of the EC and Bulgaria is actively being rendered in accordance with the provisions of Protocol No.6 for mutual administra tive assistance in the customs activity and particularly in the area of combat against smuggling. | | | The Bulgarian integrated customs tariff, based on TARIC, is under preparation. |
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http://www.euractiv.com/ndbtext/enlarge/bulgaria_25.rtf
(1423 words)
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| | SSRN-The EU Offer of Service Trade Liberalization in the Doha Round: Evidence of a Not-Yet-Perfect Customs Union by ... |
| | While the EU is a customs union in merchandise trade (goods), it has not yet reached this stage of integration in service trade. | | | How far the EU is from a customs union in service trade is very difficult to assess because of the non-quantitative nature of trade restrictions in this sector. | | | It emerges that the deviation from a customs union is not substantial, but still exists because of differences in national policies against non-Member States which are particularly relevant in the mode of supply via labour flows. |
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http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=723445
(399 words)
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| | Aljazeera.Net - Common currency for Gulf states? |
| | Gulf Arab finance ministers are expected to meet in Kuwait City soon to discuss progress made in the planned monetary union and in enforcing a customs union treaty. | | | The ministers will approve a mandatory anti-dumping law in an attempt to help implement the customs union, which aims to create a single customs zone with a uniform 5% customs duty on foreign imports. | | | The ministers will review on Wednesday a report by the monetary union committee of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states which meets 15 and 16 December in Doha, said Adnan al-Khudair of Kuwait's finance ministry on Saturday, quoted by the official KUNA news agency. |
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http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/6F05C5CC-4C12-45AD-9DC3-E0A0A4F09274.htm
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| | CANADA-US: Customs Union Could Have Big Political Price - Experts |
| | Customs union, which involves setting preferential rules of origin on imports between the member states, harmonising standards and regulations of products and services and a common trade policy in a bloc like NAFTA, is just one ingredient in the "deep integration" mix that is being promoted by groups like the C.D. Howe Institute. | | | The tendency in customs unions is for the regulations of the larger country to predominate, says Marc Lee, a Vancouver-based economist with the CCPA. | | | Yet the fact that the Policy Research Initiative (a Canadian government think tank) and the powerful federal departments of Finance, Foreign Affairs and International Trade are researching the subject of customs union and consulting outside experts is "significant", says Tony Clarke, director of the Ottawa-based Polaris Institute, which opposes corporate globalisation. |
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http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22677
(1228 words)
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| | CUSTOMS & EXCISE DEPARTMENT OF SPAIN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS |
| | Spanish Customs cooperates with various programs of Customs development, reform and modernization, in countries which are candidates to the accession to the EU and in other countries as well, mainly Latin American and Northern African. | | | This Customs Union has as main feature a legislative harmonization in the Customs area, the Member States being responsible for the application of the European Customs law. | | | Apart from the relations The Customs & Excise Department holds with the rest of EU Member States, it also maintains relations with the Customs Services of countries, which are not Members of the EU. |
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http://www.aeat.es/aduanas/aduana/relintin.htm
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| | WTO Trade policy review - Southern African Customs Union 2003 |
| | A report on the trade policies and practices of the Southern African Customs Union (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland), was released on 25 April by the WTO Secretariat. | | | The WTO report, along with the policy statement of the Governments of the Southern African Customs Union, will serve as a basis for the second Trade Policy Review (TPR) of SACU by the Trade Policy Review Body of the WTO on 23 and 25 April 2003. | | | SACU is the oldest customs union in the world. |
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http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp213_e.htm
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| | Aljazeera.Net - Africa urged to set up customs union |
| | Officials say customs duties contribute between 30 to 40% of government revenues for most Comesa countries. | | | 's trade minister, said in order for the customs union to succeed, the business community which has a penchant for demanding protection from the government, must embrace competition. | | | 's capital Kigali to push for the customs union which has been delayed due to concerns over loss of revenues by governments and business groups. |
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http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/8CD28548-A983-4305-B094-5DFCFD3B72FD.htm
(549 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The EU Parliament voted 311-285 to postpone the customs union ratification vote at the request of conservative MEPs. | | | FRUSTRATED over Turkey's refusal to recognise Cyprus, the European Parliament yesterday postponed a vote to ratify Turkey's customs union with the EU, a requirement of Ankara's bid for membership in the 25-member bloc. | | | The assembly had already postponed its vote earlier this month, when the parliament's foreign affairs committee argued the customs union would not work unless Turkey agreed to allow Cyprus to use its ports or airports. |
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http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=22070&cat_id=1
(824 words)
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| | Southern African Customs Union (SACU) |
| | All customs and excise collected in the common customs area are paid into South Africa’ national Revenue Fund. | | | The Ministers appointed a Customs Union Task Team (CUTT) which was mandated to make recommendations to the Ministers. | | | At a meeting of Ministers of Trade and Finance Departments from the five SACU Member States, held in Centurion, Pretoria on 5 September 2000, the Ministers reached consensus on the principles of underpinning the Institutional reform in the Southern African Customs Union. |
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http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/Multilateral/africa/sacu.htm
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| | New Vision Online : East Africa Signs Customs Union |
| | The customs union, which contains an escape clause governments can invoke to protect industries in distress, is expected to come into force in July once it is ratified by the neighbours’ parliaments. | | | Under the customs deal, the countries endorsed a common external tariff with bands of 25 percent on finished goods, 10 percent for semi-processed goods and zero for raw materials. | | | Government officials said the customs union represented a victory in efforts to integrate the region’s economies, long delayed by competing commercial and political interests. |
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http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/343854
(478 words)
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| | EconPapers: Multilateral Tariff Cooperation During the Formation of Customs Unions |
| | We find, however, that the harmony between customs unions and multilateral liberalization is temporary: Eventually, as the full impact of the emerging customs union becomes felt, a less favourable balance between current and future conditions re-emerges, and the liberal multilateral policies of the honeymoon phase cannot be sustained. | | | We argue that this is compatible with the evolving implications of the formation of the European Community customs union for the ability to sustain liberal multilateral trade policies under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. | | | The early stages of the process of customs union formation are shown to alter this dynamic incentive constraint in a way that leads to a temporary `honeymoon' for liberal multilateral trade policies. |
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http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/cprceprdp/962.htm
(369 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | The customs union frees more than one billion dollars in aid to Turkey and opens Turkish and EU markets to each other. | | | PASOK Eurodeputy Yiannos Kranidiotis said the Parliament was defeated since it had succumbed to "strong pressures on Eurodeputies, and due to unacceptable schemings, such as the combination of resolutions for the customs union and human rights." Mr. | | | Many of the demonstrators chided the EU for allowing the customs union with "an undemocratic Turkey". |
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http://www.b-info.com/places/Turkey/news/95-12/dec14.ana
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| | The New Anatolian |
| | INAN: If you're not a full EU member and you're the only country in the Customs Union this is a one way process that doesn't benefit both sides. | | | Former State Minister Kamran Inan, intimating the European Union process has recently been totally against Turkish interests, asked the ruling Justice and Development (AK) Party government to renegotiate the Customs Union. | | | Since we accepted the Customs Union (in 1995) we've lost around $90 billion. |
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http://www.thenewanatolian.com/htm/subs/interview/spr-004-13.htm
(2018 words)
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| | COMESA - Customs Union |
| | The COMESA Customs Management Act sets the customs rules and procedures to be implemented by customs administrations and has been adopted by Directors of Customs. | | | Simplification and harmonisation of customs legislation and procedures; | | | Establishment of a structure for the management of the programme for the establishment of the Customs Union; |
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http://www.comesa.int/comesa/trade/Folder.2004-04-19.2132/MS-Office-Document.2005-05-15.2735/view
(718 words)
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| | The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: |
| | The term "customs union" refers to the agreement between EU Member States to merge their customs areas into a single one, thereby eliminating customs duties between Member States and, because individual states are not allowed to levy their own duties on imports from non-Member countrie, necessitating a common external tariff. | | | The Treaty of Rome linked the Member States in a Customs Union, so it was essential to build a common policy vis-a-vis their trading relations with non-Member countries, commonly called the | | | The Customs Union in the context of the Single market. |
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http://www.library.pitt.edu/subject_guides/westeuropean/wwwes/customs1.guide.html
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| | FCA participates in GCC Customs Union Meetings UAE Federal Customs Authority (FCA) |
| | Sa'eed al Mirri, Deputy General Manager of the Federal Customs Authority (FCA) and head of the UAE delegation to the meetings said: 'These meeting are very significant and instrumental in facilitating the cooperation between GCC member countries. | | | Officials representing GCC Customs Authorities are scheduled to meet tomorrow to discuss obstacles hampering the implementation of the GCC customs union. | | | With the objective of controlling and coordinating customs affairs in each Emirate of the UAE, the Federal Customs Authority (FCA) is responsible for drawing up customs policy in cooperation with local customs departments. |
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http://www.ameinfo.com/34451.html
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| | East African Customs Union Launched |
| | The Customs Union is set to come into force Saturday, as outlined under the East African Customs Union Management Bill, passed earlier this month by the East African Legislative Assembly. | | | The Customs Union sets up a single market of more than 90 million people with a combined gross domestic product of around $30 billion. | | | Obwacha said the individual economies of the three countries would grow because they will have access to this large market, will diversify their production and export bases, and can attract foreign investment. |
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http://www.voanews.com/english/2004-12-31-voa17.cfm
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| | BBC NEWS Business Ugandan business fears customs union |
| | For the people who buy these goods, the formation of the customs union should would have been good news as falling tax rates and free movement of goods should have meant lower prices. | | | Under the proposed agreement, Kenyan goods would face a 10% import tax that would gradually be reduced to zero per cent over the next five years while Ugandan and Tanzanian businesses adjust. | | | Stationary maker Mubiru believes the customs union would be bad for business |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3481301.stm
(906 words)
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| | WTO Trade policy review - Southern African Customs Union 2003 - Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson |
| | Some Members emphasized that lack of harmonization within SACU in certain key non-tariff measures, such as quantitative restrictions, customs procedures, standards and technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, competition policy, and internal taxes, distorts trade flows, and undermines the utility of having a common external tariff. | | | In this regard, Members welcomed the 2002 SACU Agreement, which provides for a more democratic institutional structure, a dispute settlement mechanism, a new system regarding the common revenue pool and sharing formula, and further harmonization of policies throughout the customs union. | | | Members expressed hope that, once in force, the Agreement would contribute to the further integration of SACU into the global economy. |
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http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp213_crc_e.htm
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| | New Vision Online : Uganda to reap more from Customs Union |
| | Uganda will benefit more from the East Africa Customs Union by becoming central in the distribution of goods to Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, third deputy prime minister Henry Kajura has said. | | | The union will liberate trade in East Africa, enhance cross border trade, promote foreign investment and efficiency in production. | | | ON FORM: Kajura (centre) and minister Jennifer Namuyangu cut the cake during the launch |
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http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/409455
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| | GATT - Ch 24 |
| | The contracting parties recognize the desirability of increasing freedom of trade by the development, through voluntary agreements, of closer integration between the economies of the countries parties to such agreements. | | | In providing for compensatory adjustment, due account shall be taken of the compensation already afforded by the reductions brought about in the corresponding duty of the other constituents of the union. | | | The provisions of this Agreement shalt not be construed to prevent: |
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http://www.marxists.org/history/capitalism/gatt/ch24.htm
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| | European Union Internet Resources |
| | Institution monitoring the financial accounts of the European Union. | | | Glossary: The reform of the Union in 150 definitions [DA, DE, EL, EN, ES, FI, FR, IT, NL, PT, SV.] | | | Supplemented by the annual General Report on the Activities of the European Union |
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http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/doemoff/govinfo/intl/gov_eu.html
(1707 words)
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| | Unified GCC Customs Union Cuts Invoicing |
| | Vosper added that when customs duties are levied on a single border, it presents a lot of difficulties in committing illegal business practices. | | | Under invoicing, an illegal business practice, helps businesses avoid incurring complete custom duties by presenting under-valued price lists and invoices. | | | This results in financial losses to governments and stifles fair market competition. |
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http://www.arabnews.com/?page=11§ion=0&article=23090&d=8&m=3&y=2003
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| | CUSTOMS UNION |
| | Now that the customs union is in effect, any EU country can bring Turkey to the appropriate European Tribunals to request a lifting of this embargo as harmful to the European Economy. | | | Goods can travel between the two entities without any customs restrictions. | | | Even in that case, the validity of such an agreement in a European court is spurious, since the puppet occupation government is not recognised by any state as an international entity. |
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http://www.btinternet.com/~argyros.argyrou/customs.htm
(1041 words)
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| | Turkish Foreign Ministry Comments On Inclusion Of Cyprus To Customs Union |
| | This decision makes it possible for goods imported to Turkey from the new Member States to be treated under the Customs Union regime.'' | | | Turkish Foreign Ministry Comments On Inclusion Of Cyprus To Customs Union | | | The statement said, ''This decision is an administrative act emanating from our relations with the EU as well as reciprocal legal obligations under the Customs Union. |
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http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=29312
(478 words)
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| | Zollverein on Encyclopedia.com |
| | The customs at foreign frontiers were collected on joint account, and the proceeds were distributed in proportion to the population and resources of the member states. | | | Customs barriers of member states were leveled, and a uniform tariff was instituted against non-members. | | | After the Austro-Prussian War (1866) a new agreement was reached by the members of the union. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/z/zollvere.asp
(487 words)
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| | Turks.US Daily News - Turkey postponed customs union deal with TRNC Daily News Turkey |
| | The agreement is believed to have been deferred as a result of criticism levelled at Turkey over the plan. | | | Turkey postponed customs union deal with TRNC | | | The proposed customs union has been strongly opposed by Greece and the Greek Cypriot administration, who claim it infringes on the sovereignty of the Cypriot state as they perceive it. |
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http://www.turks.us/article.php?story=20030808092026850
(345 words)
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| | An MBendi Profile - Organisation: Southern African Customs Union |
| | Founded in 1969, SACU aims to promote free trade and co-operation in customs related matters. | | | As a representative of an organisation you can also upgrade this directory entry. | | | If you know that information shown for this directory entry is incorrect or missing please use the functions below to assist in maintaining this information resource. |
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http://mbendi.co.za/orgs/cjg9.htm
(107 words)
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| | European Economic Community |
| | Remaining customs duties in intra-Community trade are abolished 18 months ahead of what was scheduled in the Rome Treaty and the Common Customs Tariff is introduced to replace national customs duties in trade with the rest of the world. | | | The euro will become legal tender and permanently replace national currencies in EMU countries. | | | Treaty on European Union enters into force after ratification by the member states. |
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http://www.raptureready.com/rap31b.html
(387 words)
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| | EAC customs union |
| | He said series of crucial meetings have been scheduled for the end of this month which are expected to conclude on key issues in the Customs Union Protocol. | | | He said the Customs Union would enable the East African countries to surmount the obstacles posed by small markets and improve their competitiveness in the global economy. | | | Draft EAC customs union protocol now at advanced stage |
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http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/2002/25/features_2.htm
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| | BBC NEWS World Europe Turkey signs EU customs protocol |
| | Turkey has signed a European Union protocol which extends its custom union to the 10 new members including Cyprus, a country Turkey does not recognise. | | | that a candidate for accession declares that it does not recognise one of the member states of the union it wishes to join," said government spokesman Kypros Chrysostomides. | | | The EU had previously warned that if the statement had been formulated in a way that went against the spirit of the accord, this might have held up the signing. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/-/1/hi/world/europe/4729909.stm
(245 words)
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