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| | American Metal Market: Mercosur establishes external metal tariffs - Southern Cone Common Market |
 | | Brazil wanted a 4-percent common external tariff for all primary nonferrous metals, But Argentina wanted an 8-percent tariff, arguing that it wasn't competitive in aluminum production-having to import alumina from Australia and having to pay high energy prices. | | | Setting common external tariffs was one of the last remaining obstacles to the customs union in which all tariff barriers on about 85 percent of member-countries' trade will be fully lifted Jan. 1. | | | While the overall Mercosur common external tariff structure implies a small reduction in current Brazilian steel product import duties, what's important is that the new common external tariff for rolled steel is 12 percent - 2 percent higher than Brazil's current 10-percent import tariff. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3MKT/is_n170_v102/ai_15792690
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| | Modern History Sourcebook: United States Department of State Press Statement: The European Common Market And The Free Trade Area, January 15, 1957 |
| | The common market would involve the elimination of substantially all of the barriers to trade among these six countries and the establishment by them of a common external tariff toward outside countries. | | | Following is a statement of U.S. policy with respect to the proposed European common market and free trade area. | | | This would be consistent with U.S. support of such arrangements as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, both of which have as their objective the expansion of nondiscriminatory multilateral trade. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1957-ecc-efta-us.html
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| | A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --C-- |
| | As a customs union, the Community has no internal tariffs but a uniform external tariff, which is one of the sources of revenue for its budget. | | | A common currency differs from a single currency by operating alongside national currencies, not in substitution for them. | | | The clearest example of systematic anti-competitive activities is the Common Agricultural Policy, which is exempted by the Treaty from the general ban on restrictive practices, on the grounds that it aims to ensure rural prosperity and stability of food supply. |
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http://www.euro-know.org/dictionary/c.html
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| | Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa, COMESA |
| | COMESA has reached an agreement to implement a Common External Tariff by the year 2004 and as this currently stands the CET will be 0%, 5%, 15% and 30% on capital goods, raw materials, intermediate goods and final goods respectively. | | | The meeting recommended the creation of a sub-regional economic community, beginning with a sub-regional trade area which would be gradually upgraded over a ten-year period to a common market until the community had been established. | | | The PTA Treaty envisaged its transformation into a Common Market and, as such, the Treaty establishing COMESA was signed on 5th November 1993 in Kampala, Uganda and was ratified a year later in Lilongwe, Malawi on 8th December 1994. |
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http://www.itcilo.it/actrav/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/blokit/comesa.htm
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| | South Africa's relationship with the International Community - Guide to Importing into South Africa |
| | The Common Market provides for a common external tariff and all community members are bound to this except for the Bahamas. | | | A common effective preferential tariff scheme came into effect in January 1993 and was amended in 1994 to include unprocessed agricultural products and other previously excluded items subject to tariff reduction. | | | There is a common development bank and joint industrialisation programme based on regional capacities, and aiming to encourage the manufacture of both finished and semi-finished goods. |
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http://www.mbendi.co.za/import/sa/agree_int.htm
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| | ccg00967.txt |
| | Moreover, as a member of Mercosur (southern cone common market), Paraguay favors a low Common External Tariff (CET) regime with a maximum rate of ten percent. | | | The government eliminated foreign exchange controls and implemented a free-floating exchange rate system, established tax incentives to encourage and attract investment, reduced tariff levels, launched a stock exchange market, reformed the tax structure, and started a process of financial reform. | | | Major Roadblocks To Doing Business There are no significant administrative or tariff barriers to U.S. exports. |
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http://www.puc-rio.br/parcerias/untpdc/eto/etosite/ccg00967.txt
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| | USAID CP FY2000: Central American Regional Programs |
| | The Central American Ministers of Trade are on track in implementing interim tariff reductions as they move toward a common, lower external tariff by 2000. | | | In 1998, total Central American trade as a percentage of GDP was 54.9% and intra-regional trade as a percentage of GDP was 8.55%: both exceeded respective targets of 48.5% and 7.85%. | | | This strategic objective (SO) is to help increase the Central American region's ability to join and honor commitments made under free trade agreements, such as the FTAA and the North America Free Trade Association (NAFTA), and to accelerate regional integration into hemispheric and global markets. |
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http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cp2000/lac/ca_reg.html
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| | Business America: Caribbean Common Market has broad economic agenda |
| | The CARICOM common external tariff ranges from 5 to 45 percent. | | | This includes arrangements for "hassle free" tourist travel between CARICOM countries, freedom of movement of skilled workers and professionals, development of a common currency, and establishment of a CARICOM investment fund. | | | Business America: Caribbean Common Market has broad economic agenda |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1052/is_n6_v113/ai_12257871
(367 words)
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| | MSN Encarta - European Union |
| | It provided for the elimination of tariffs and quotas on trade in iron ore, coal, coke, and steel within the community; a common external tariff on imports relating to the coal and steel industries from other nations; and controls on production and sales. | | | In addition, member states agreed to adopt common policies and standards on matters ranging from taxes and employment to health and the environment. | | | The Schuman Plan, as it was called, created a supranational agency to oversee aspects of national coal and steel policy, such as levels of production and prices. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579567/European_Union.html
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| | ECCA 260H - Commercial Policy |
| | Both also agree to a common external tariff - i.e. | | | Cayley-Galt Tariffs of 1858-9 and abrogation of Reciprocity | | | As tariffs were bulk of government revenue, and as tariffs collected at Quebec, colonial government of Upper Canada dependent on Lower Canada to reasign revenues. |
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http://www.trentu.ca/economics/260/260_LecCommercial.html
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| | Mercosur and Agricultural Markets |
| | The main objective of the Treaty of Asunción was the establishment of a Common Market which was to be characterized by: (1) free circulation of goods, services, and factors of production among member countries, (2) common external tariffs among member countries, and (3) macroeconomic policy coordination among member countries. | | | If MERCOSUR is ever to become a true common market, a number of important - and politically difficult - challenges remain, including the elimination of all remaining tariff and non-tariff trade barriers, the granting of free movement to productive factors among member countries, the harmonization of macroeconomic policies, and the coordination of national legislation. | | | Although the goal of establishing a common market by 1995 was not reached, significant progress in trade among the MERCOSUR member countries has occurred. |
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http://agrinet.tamu.edu/tamrc/pubs/Im296.htm
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| | Trade Agreements - What is a common market? |
| | A common market eliminates all barriers to trade in goods among the members and adopts a common external tariff. | | | Additionally, a common market also permits the free movement of goods, services, people, and capital within the market. | | | Trade Agreements - What is a common market? |
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http://www.gattiassociates.com/CM/FAQs/FAQs2238.asp
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| | Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions, by Douglas A. Irwin: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | A customs union is a group of countries that eliminate all tariffs on trade among themselves but maintain a common external tariff on trade with countries outside the union (thus technically violating MFN). | | | Free trade, usually defined as the absence of tariffs, quotas, or other governmental impediments to international trade, allows each country to specialize in the goods that it can produce cheaply and efficiently relative to other countries. | | | But these advantages must be offset against a disadvantage: by excluding certain countries these agreements may shift the composition of trade from low-cost countries that are not party to the agreement to high-cost countries that are. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/FreeTradeAgreementsandCustomsUnions.html
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| | Index of Economic Freedom 2004 - Countries |
| | As a member of the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR), Uruguay adheres to a common external tariff that ranges from zero to 23 percent. | | | After a decade of steady economic growth, debt reduction, and market liberalization, Uruguays economic fortunes continue to be tied to troubled neighbors Argentina and Brazil in the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR). | | | The state-owned BSE insurance company had a monopoly on all insurance until the automobile insurance market was opened to private competition in 1994; the government is considering liberalization of other portions of the insurance sector. |
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http://cf.heritage.org/index2004test/country2.cfm?ID=Uruguay
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| | TED Case Study:Argentina Rice |
| | The objectives of MEROSUR is to eliminate tariffs and adopt a partial customs union and a common external tariff (CET) covering 85% of traded goods. | | | The Southern Common Market-MERCOSUR represents a total population of 190 million individuals, living in an area larger than the total surface of the European Continent. | | | The Argentine central government is facing a regional economic meltdown under MERCOSUR (Southern Cone Common Market). |
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http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/argrice.htm
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| | Automotive Glossary |
| | Mercosur enacted a common external tariff on January 1, 1995 for almost 85 percent of tariff items of the four countries; most trade among members will be duty-free. | | | established in 1993, this partnership, between the United States Federal Government and the Automotive industry, was founded to establish global technical leadership in the development and production of affordable, fuel-efficient, low emission vehicles that meet today's performance standards. | | | a United States program that urges suppliers to develop processes to cut costs. |
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http://www.autoseekandsell.com/dsp_glossary.cfm
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| | Grenada Economy |
| | Goods that are produced in the Eastern Caribbean receive additional protection; in May 1991, the CARICOM common external tariff (CET) was implemented. | | | The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) issues a common currency for all members of the ECCU. | | | Grenada is also a member of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM). |
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http://www.traveldocs.com/gd/economy.htm
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| | The Namibian Marketplace News COMESA countries set to remove non-tariff barriers |
| | After the launch of the FTA, COMESA is now targeting to achieve a Customs Union in 2004 with a common external tariff and harmonised customs legislation and procedures. | | | LUSAKA - Member states of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) are studying modalities of removing non-tariff barriers that have become increasingly important following the launch of the Free Trade Area (FTA) last October. | | | Mwencha said COMESA countries should remove non-tariff barriers such as cumbersome trade and customs practices, unfriendly financial cross border payments systems, restrictive phytosanitary measures, strict labelling requirements and numerous other non-tariff measures which he said are all constraints to manufacturing and trade. |
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http://www.namibian.com.na/2001/April/marketplace/01E9DF0DCA.html
(489 words)
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| | Machine Tool Industry in Brazil |
| | In 1991, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay formed the Mercosul (Southern Common Market) and in 1995 the Mercosul countries established the Common External Tariff (CET), which are the import tariffs applicable to imports from all countries outside of the Mercosul region. | | | However the current import tariff on machine tools is 20% and is scheduled to drop to 19% in 1999, 18% in the year 2000 and 17% in the year 2001 to reach the Common External Tariff. | | | The import tariff on machine tools in Brazil is scheduled to drop to 19% in 1999, 18% in the year 2000 and 17% in the year 2001 and reach the CET. |
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http://www.corporateinformation.com/data/statusa/brazil/machinetool.html
(5576 words)
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| | Machine Tool Industry in Brazil |
| | In 1991, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay formed the Mercosul (Southern Common Market) and in 1995 the Mercosul countries established the Common External Tariff (CET), which are the import tariffs applicable to imports from all countries outside of the Mercosul region. | | | However the current import tariff on machine tools is 20% and is scheduled to drop to 19% in 1999, 18% in the year 2000 and 17% in the year 2001 to reach the Common External Tariff. | | | The import tariff on machine tools in Brazil is scheduled to drop to 19% in 1999, 18% in the year 2000 and 17% in the year 2001 and reach the CET. |
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http://www.corporateinformation.com/data/statusa/brazil/machinetool.html
(5576 words)
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| | afrika.no - East Africa: Egypt and Mauritius reject east African Communitys tariff plan |
| | The Comesa secretariat had proposed that the three-band tariff system operating in East Africa be adopted to create harmony between the common external tariff of the EAC and Comesa, and to avoid further segmentation of the region. | | | The EAC countries have moved faster, and a customs union complete with a common external tariff, is expected to be adopted in a matter of months. | | | Although the summit of the EAC has adopted the three band tariff system, a consensus among the business community of Kenya is yet to be reached. |
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http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/4263.html
(627 words)
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| | Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions, by Douglas A. Irwin: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty |
| | A customs union is a group of countries that eliminate all tariffs on trade among themselves but maintain a common external tariff on trade with countries outside the union (thus technically violating MFN). | | | MFN status means that each member of GATT receives the same tariff treatment for its goods in foreign markets as that extended to the "most-favored" country competing in the same market, thereby ruling out preferences for, or discrimination against, any member country. | | | With over 100 member countries, GATT is both an international agreement that sets the rules for world trade and an international institution that provides a forum for members to negotiate reductions in trade barriers. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/FreeTradeAgreementsandCustomsUnions.html
(627 words)
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| | Aladi - Latin American Association of Integration |
| | Once the Mercosur customs union and the common external tariff took effect on January 1, 1995 the negotiating activity of Brazil in ALADI has focused above all on the re-negotiation of pre-existing bilateral agreements between each one of the Mercosur countries and the other members of the association. | | | Among these instruments is the Economic Complementary Agreement number 18, foreseeing the establishment of the common external tariff of Mercosur and the adoption of a common trade policy in relation to third states. | | | In August, 1999 Cuba was admitted as a full member to ALADI which began the process of updating the trade agreements between that country and the member-states of the association. |
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http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/relext/mre/orgreg/aladi/apresent.htm
(289 words)
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| | Aladi - Latin American Association of Integration |
| | Once the Mercosur customs union and the common external tariff took effect on January 1, 1995 the negotiating activity of Brazil in ALADI has focused above all on the re-negotiation of pre-existing bilateral agreements between each one of the Mercosur countries and the other members of the association. | | | Among these instruments is the Economic Complementary Agreement number 18, foreseeing the establishment of the common external tariff of Mercosur and the adoption of a common trade policy in relation to third states. | | | In August, 1999 Cuba was admitted as a full member to ALADI which began the process of updating the trade agreements between that country and the member-states of the association. |
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http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/relext/mre/orgreg/aladi/apresent.htm
(289 words)
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| | Malta u l-politika: Ittri ccensurati u punti ta' riflessjoni politika. |
| | The Times ikkonfermat hekk, "The probability is that between drops in the prices of certain imports and price increases on items imported from outside the EU, and therefore subject to the common external tariff, things will even themselves out for the consumer." (editorjal tad-9 ta' Mejju 2004). | | | Imma mill-ewwel ta' Mejju 2004 dahlet il-Common External Tariff li m'hi xejn hlief taxxa fuq affarijiet importati minn barra l-Unjoni Ewropea. | | | Din it-taxxa saret biex ikunu protetti prodotti mahduma fl-Unjoni Ewropea, bhal ma qabel d-dhul ta' Malta fl-Unjoni ahna konna ghamilna l-levies biex niprotegu l-prodott Malti. |
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http://www.maltapolitics.com/fuqkollox.htm
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| | allAfrica.com: Home |
| | East Africa: Manufacturers Face Bumpy Ride Under Common External Tariff | | | East Africa: Manufacturers Face Bumpy Ride Under Common External Tariff | | | Preparations for democratic elections and efforts to restore security across the country featured greatly in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2004. |
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http://www.allafrica.com/
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| | 1E042848-A6DF-455B-AE30C02F3CC3351F.html |
| | High on the agenda of the East African Community summit is a discussion about how to put into place a common external tariff, and reduce trade barriers among the three countries. | | | Kabira says there are also worries that the East African Community, because of the common tariff structure, could become what he calls a "dumping ground" for cheap imports from other countries, which would decrease demand for goods produced locally. | | | Within the community, the three countries are dismantling trade barriers, although, for the next five years, Uganda and Tanzania will be allowed to charge a tariff on certain goods coming from Kenya. |
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http://quickstart.clari.net/voa/art/dg/1E042848-A6DF-455B-AE30C02F3CC3351F.html
(398 words)
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| | WTO Trade policy review - Southern African Customs Union 2003 - Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson |
| | Some Members emphasized that lack of harmonization within SACU in certain key non-tariff measures, such as quantitative restrictions, customs procedures, standards and technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, competition policy, and internal taxes, distorts trade flows, and undermines the utility of having a common external tariff. | | | In this regard, Members welcomed the 2002 SACU Agreement, which provides for a more democratic institutional structure, a dispute settlement mechanism, a new system regarding the common revenue pool and sharing formula, and further harmonization of policies throughout the customs union. | | | Concerns were also expressed about differences in tariff bindings among SACU countries, and about the large use of anti-dumping and other contingency trade remedies by South Africa on behalf of the customs union. |
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http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp213_crc_e.htm
(616 words)
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