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| | Monopoly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The monopoly's profit is its total revenue less its total cost. | | | In this way the monopoly will secure monopoly profits by appropriating some or all of the consumer surplus, as although the higher price deters some consumers from purchasing, most are willing to pay the higher price. | | | Monopoly should be distinguished from monopsony, in which there is only one buyer of the product or service; it should also, strictly, be distinguished from the (similar) phenomenon of a cartel. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly
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| | Facts about topic: (Coercive monopoly) |
| | A corporation (A business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state) which successfully engages in coercion (The act of compelling by force of authority) to prevent competitors entering the market operates a coercive monopoly. | | | A firm may use illegal or non-economic methods, such as extortion (The felonious act of extorting money (as by threats of violence)), to achieve and retain monopoly status. | | | For example, some say high costs required to compete are a barrier to entry, but free market advocates would say that the market is still free since competition is allowed to anyone that can raise the funds to compete, and that hence it cannot rightfully by called a "coercive monopoly." |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/c/co/coercive_monopoly.htm
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| | Natural Monopoly |
| | A "natural monopoly" is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. | | | There is an "entry monopoly" in which entry into the industry is impossible unless one transfers a titles from one of the existing firms. | | | Another way to handle the natural monopoly is to periodically put the delivery service up for bidding, with the lowest cost firm getting the contract. |
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http://www.progress.org/archive/fold74.htm
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| | Capitalism FAQ: Practice |
| | Thus, free market "monopolies" should be applauded as a demonstration of superior business skills on the part of the firm who best serves their customers. | | | This could be accomplished only if the firm "delivered the goods" better than any of their competitors, and even if they did, they would only have monopoly status only so long as they were the best in their field and they would still be subject to competition from other firms in their industry. | | | Historically speaking, any business that tried to establish a monopoly in a free market by buying out its competitors or undercutting prices by selling at a loss has gone bankrupt. |
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http://famguardian.org/Subjects/Politics/Articles/Capitalism/capit-3.htm
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| | The Structure of Liberty by Randy Barnett |
| | The crucial criterion for the existence of a natural monopoly is that the market must be sufficiently small so that it can be satisfied by a single firm which is operating in an area of decreasing costs. | | | 603 (defining natural monopoly as an industry in which "the total costs of production are lower when a single firm produces the entire industry output than when any collection of two or more firms divide the total among themselves."). | | | It is not feasible for a second firm to enter the industry because one firm alone could produce the potential output of both firms at a lower total cost then the two firms would incur. |
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http://www.bu.edu/rbarnett/C13.htm
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| | The Great Divorce |
| | If governmental monopoly is the only possible legal system, then government does not owe its monopoly to consumer preferences – just as the absence of perpetual-motion machines (real ones, not just purported ones) is not due to a lack of consumer interest. | | | On the Market-Based Monopoly reading, Dr. Machan favours a protection agency that permits competitors (and so he counts as an anarchist), but he predicts and/or advocates lack of customer interest in such competitors (and so he counts as a minarchist). | | | That would be just fine with the anarchists; under Austrian economic theory, competition exists so long as rivals are permitted to enter the market, whether or not they do so. |
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http://www.strike-the-root.com/4/long/long4.html
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| | WHAT REALLY KILLED THE FILIPINO KOMIKS INDUSTRY |
| | The lesson to be gleaned from all this is that a coercive monopoly would not have emerged and thrown its weight around had it not gained total control of the distribution phase of the business. | | | Simply put, it is a situation where one business enterprise dominates a particular market to the exclusion of all other competitors. | | | The public is thus left with no choice but to purchase the monopoly’s product. |
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http://www.geocities.com/websitekoto2003/article.htm
(1996 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | In this case, breaking up the monopoly would actually be inefficient, since the result would be more, smaller firms with higher costs. | | | The colluding firms, by joining together as a unified group, are just like a single monopoly firm, with the result of potentially sustainable profits. | | | Managers of the utility, undisciplined by the market, will be more likely to fly first class, attend conferences in exotic places, spend lots of money entertaining (maybe on regulators), give high wage increases, give jobs to family/friends, etc. "Shirking" behavior by managers - increase personal benefits and increase costs, resulting in inefficiency, higher prices, rates. |
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http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~mjperry/551-8.htm
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| | Tibor R |
| | Such payment could be in the form of premiums, as with insurance, or per service, as with some attorney or dentist fees, or bundled with prices for various goods and services, as with payments for newspapers that also provide magazines on Sundays. | | | This would be a government that does not coercively collect taxes or such, so consent would only be relevant to its getting paid freely, voluntarily by those whom it defends. | | | Tyler Cowen gives a slightly different definition government or state, characterizing it by “finance through taxation, claim of sovereignty, ultimate decision-making authority, and prohibitions on competitive entry.” |
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http://www.liberalia.com/htm/tm_minarchists_anarchists.htm
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| | ANTITRUST LAWS SHOULD BE ABOLISHED |
| | What really bothers individuals about monopoly is not that one firm has economic dominance over a product or service, but that compulsion, force, or special privilege is used to prevent other firms from entering the market. | | | confuses coercive legal barriers with legitimately earned performance and cost advantages which are likely to benefit, rather than harm, customers. | | | In essence, the effects of antitrust laws are like those of a cartel — maintaining the status quo by stabilizing prices and assuring each firm that its profits and market position are secure. |
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http://www.quebecoislibre.org/000219-13.htm
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| | Capitalism Magazine: The U.S. Government's Assault on Microsoft by Glenn Woiceshyn |
| | The only way to approach a "monopoly" in a true free market is to offer consumers the best products at the lowest prices, which requires keeping production costs low and quality high. | | | Only a coercive monopoly harms people because, effectively, a "gun" -- not ability -- is used to keep competitors out of the market. | | | If such a company tries to "exploit" its "monopoly" by jacking up prices, investors will seize the opportunity by investing in competent competitors. |
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http://www.capmag.com/articlePrint.asp
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| | voluntaryist.com |
| | According to this view, resources must be distributed among individuals in society according to some formula or, to use Nozick's term, a "pattern." Resources must be held, for example, according to some criterion of need, desert, or desires, or all holdings must be "equal" or "efficient"that is, distributed to their highest valued use. | | | All that would be required to reap these profits is a strategy for capturing positions of power from those who currently possess it. | | | Many grant them the right to obtain "conscript" or semi-slave labor for certain purposes such as war-making or jury selection. |
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http://www.voluntaryist.com/articles/082b.php
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| | Regulation and Monopolies [Mackinac Center for Public Policy] |
| | Much of the attack on free markets on this question comes from a failure to comprehend just what a monopoly is, what constitutes "market share," and the powerful forces free markets bring to bear in disciplining even the largest of firms when it attempts to abuse its position. | | | When governments, by one method and to one degree or another, limit competition by the various means described above, the result is a coercive monopoly for those producers who benefit from the limitation of competition. | | | A. Free entry--the fact that another entity (a newcomer or an existing firm that may not even currently be in the same business) will find it attractive to enter a market in which consumers are unhappy with the current major supplier. |
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http://www.mackinac.org/article.asp?ID=683
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| | Whole Number 83 - December 1996 |
| | Deprived of the power to tax and the power to coercively impose their services upon consumers, legal systems which must depend upon market-based fees and prepaid insurance would have to be comparatively more responsive to the needs and desires of their consumers than agencies with the right to collect their revenues at gun point. | | | How much greater the incentive to cooperate would be if competing judicial services did not have access to a steady stream of coercively obtained revenue, that is, by taxation. | | | If one had to identify a service that is really fundamental to social well-being, it would be the provision of food. |
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http://users.aol.com/vlntryst/wn83.html
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| | Ms. Logic and the Law |
| | Most laws of any true benefit in use today are merely formalisations or logical extensions of customs or customary laws which existed long before the legislatures which enacted the modern fiat versions. | | | Bruce Benson's The Enterprise of Law cites innumerable examples of corruption, inefficiency and stifling of improvement in every branch and level of government in the USA, whether municipal, county, state or federal. | | | But when one sees the havoc government monopolies have wrought in the economic sphere, is it not unduly optimistic to expect them to be efficient in any sphere? |
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http://folk.uio.no/thomas/po/misslogic.html
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| | ipedia.com: Government-granted monopoly Article |
| | A monopoly may be created through the direct nationalization of an industry, i.e., bringing a particular industry under the direct and exclusive control of government agencies, with proceeds going into the government budget. | | | The latter form of monopoly is often closely related, in both motivations and effects, to government-sponsored cartelization of major industries, and is often accompanied by increased government regulation and oversight, as well as substantial subsidies from tax funds. | | | In other cases, monopoly privileges may be granted to private individuals or firms, with most of the control and profits being privately retained. |
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http://www.ipedia.com/government_granted_monopoly.html
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| | Barbelith Underground > Head Shop > The Purpose of Government |
| | One thing to look at here is whether government should be centralized or de-centralized. | | | Some things may require government action unrelated to matters of national security. | | | Feel free to offer modifications to this if needed. |
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http://www.barbelith.com/topic/15149
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| | [No title] |
| | They regard 0 capitalist corporations as 0 being the product of 9 voluntary contracts and 4 thus a legitimate and 4 efficient way for people 2 to organize, with 7 freedom to choose 5 a competitor or 7 to enter competition 3 as the universal way 1 to preserve and promote 2 quality in services. | | | They 3 argue that if goods 1 or services come at 5 prices that are too 2 high or quality that 9 is too low, customers 3 will look for 3 alternatives, and entrepreneurs 0 will soon be able 0 to make a 3 killing by entering 4 into the monopolist's 6 market. | | | Many anarcho-capitalists 1 are economically opposed to natural monopolies or 9 quasi-monopolies inefficient methods of 3 production, and may support 1 economic actions against natural monopolies that abuse their 8 market position, such as 8 boycotts and worker 9 strikes. |
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http://www.thub.net/anarcho-capitalists_.htm
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| | CWD: Online |
| | Since the vendor and the seller are the same company they can afford to undercut the competition a bit and make an even larger profit than they do selling wholesale to their competitors. | | | A valid username and password combination is required to post messages to this discussion. | | | A coercive monopoly is one that arises and whose existence is maintained as the result of any sort of activity that violates the principle of a free market and is therefore insulated from competitive forces that would otherwise be a potential threat to its superior status. |
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http://home.golden.net/~antidote/discus/messages/4/6128.html?SaturdayMarch1220050743pm
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| | Kritarchy |
| | It is the task of applying entrepreneurial creativity to recombine available social, technical, administrative and financial resources and skills so as to improve the outlook for effective justice. | | | Their clientele and membership remain free to shift their demand from an unsatisfactory to a hopefully more satisfactory supplier of justice. | | | Working out the details, conventions and protocols for an operational efficient system of justice is no mean task. |
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http://users.ugent.be/~frvandun/Texts/Articles/Kritarch1.htm
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| | AN ABSURD RULING ABOUT MICROSOFT (Charley Reese) [Free Republic] |
| | The old-fashioned definition of a monopoly is a business that has 100 percent of the market and, as a result, gouges its customers. | | | How can Microsoft be a monopoly when it has competitors? | | | Certain business practices associated with having a monopoly are illegal. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a38f06c0b3cd1.htm
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| | Myths About Microsoft |
| | Competitive monopolies generally don't last as long as coercive ones because, despite the high cost of entry, there are always people willing to try to compete, and some percentage of these succeed. | | | For example, organized crime has been handed its greatest gift - a coercive monopoly on distributing certain pharmaceuticals - this monopoly is enforced by the police, at the expense of the taxpayers, who are also the people buying the product. | | | A competitive monopoly is one that comes about as a result of market forces. |
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http://www.darwinsys.com/history/mslies.html
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| | The Nature of Law |
| | But if market solutions are beset by perverse incentives caused by public-goods problems, governmental solutions are likewise beset by perverse incentives caused by public-choice problems: monopolies that collect revenues by force are not accountable to their clients, and state officials need not bear the financial cost of their decisions; inefficiency is the inevitable result. | | | An example of voluntary law is the Law Merchant, a system of commercial law that emerged in the late Middle Ages in response to the need for a common set of standards to govern international trade. | | | For example, under early Anglo-Saxon law, Kings made foreign policy only; domestic policy was left to local courts called Moots, which simply enforced agreed-upon local customs. |
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http://libertariannation.org/a/f13l2.html
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| | Open Letter to Rand by Roy Childs |
| | The quickest way of showing why it must either initiate force or cease being a government is the following: Suppose that I were distraught with the service of a government in an Objectivist society. | | | The theory which we advocate is not called "competing governments," of course, since a government is a coercive monopoly. | | | Hence, government is little more, and has never been more, than a gang of professional criminals. |
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http://no-treason.com/wild/Childs_Open_Letter_to_Rand.html
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| | Antitrust is anti-competition, anti-capitalist, and anti-American |
| | The little-known truth is that when the government took Standard Oil to court in 1907, Standard Oil's market share had been declining for a decade. | | | Standard Oil was punished for dropping the price of oil more then half, by buying up competitors in order to gain greater economies of scale -- as their market grew they were able to achieve greater economies of scale, and thus lower their production costs, and thus lower their prices, while increasing their profits. | | | But, in fact, no coercive monopoly has ever been or ever can be established by means of free trade on a free market. |
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http://www.capitalism.org/faq/antitrust.htm
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| | The Politically Incorrect Show - 09/11/1999 - The Free Radical Online |
| | Among the options open to this vermin under the UPS' vicious trust-busting legislation: to break up Gates' company, Microsoft, altogether. | | | Point #3: In a truly free society, to which the United States once approximated, a provider can only become a monopoly by being astonishingly good, and then probably only temporarily - as long as the field is left open, as opposed to being sealed off by the coercive decree of government. | | | More than rugby, it's this country's favourite spectacle, about to be given a new lease of anti-life from an Alliance Retard-Hard Labour government. |
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http://www.freeradical.co.nz/content/pishow/pi991109.php
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| | THE CAUSE AND CURE OF COERCIVE MONOPOLIES |
| | HISTORICAL EXAMPLES (demonstrating that some form of government | | | A. The Nature of "Economic Power" (as the ability to offer alternative deals) | | | B. A Dialogue on How a Free Market Tends to Prevent Exploitative Monopolies |
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http://www.laissez-fairerepublic.com/monopoly_outline.htm
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| | MS |
| | It is important in any discussion of monopoly is to understand the economic distinction between a) a private, dominant firm like Microsoft with a large market share, and b) a coercive monopoly created by an act of government. | | | A coercive monopoly achieves a large market share through some form of legal protection against competition, which can only be created by the government itself, and not by the market. | | | A coercive monopoly is the real threat to consumers, because it is legally insulated against all competition, and can use the resources of the government to squash competition. |
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http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~mjperry/ms.htm
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| | Let's Gut the Political Community |
| | Libertarians must be aware of an atomistic individualism, which sets the naked individual as the only bulwark against a tyrannical state. | | | Because these communities are voluntary, and non-coercive, they always do a better job of fulfilling their responsibilities in human society than the state does. | | | It was galling not only that statist attorneys claimed that Microsoft was a monopoly (since good economists know that an economic monopoly is virtually impossible in a free-enterprise system), but that in the United States, the federal government is the biggest monopoly of all. |
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http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/sandlin4.html
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| | egov.ca - coercive monopoly |
| | Here are some other items you may be interested in. | | | Find coercive monopoly at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer! | | | We couldn't find any results for coercive monopoly in Books. |
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http://www.egov.ca/coercive-monopoly/reference/search
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